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    Application of calcium chloride on yield and quality of Capsicum annuum L.
    (2024-09-01)
    Montri, N.
    ;
    Sengseng, S.
    ;
    Deewatthanawong, R.
    ;
    Bunya-Atichart, K.
    Application of calcium chloride on yield and quality of Capsicum annuum L. 'Super Hot' were investigated. The experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD). 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg L<sup>-1</sup>calcium chloride was sprayed preharvest at the orange-red ripening stage. The ripe red fruits were harvested. Yield and quality in terms of fruit color and secondary compound content were measured. The results showed that spraying with various concentrations of calcium chloride did not affect the percentage of dry weight and color of fruit but significantly influenced fresh and dry weight, capsaicin, total phenolics, and total flavonoid contents. Preharvest spraying of calcium chloride at 40 mg L<sup>-1</sup>treatment gave the maximum fresh and dry weight and total phenolics at 1,257.83 g, 361.35 g, and 44.75 mg GAE g<sup>-1</sup>DW, respectively. A high content of total flavonoid at 63.50 and 6.75 mg QE g<sup>-1</sup>DW was observed in 20 to 40 mg L<sup>-1</sup>treatment, while high contents of capsaicin contents at 64.32 mg g-1 DW were achieved in 80 mg L<sup>-1</sup>,.
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    Effect of Soaking, Germination, and Roasting on Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Activities, and Fatty Acid Profile of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seeds
    (2024-04-01)
    Thepthanee, Chorpaka
    ;
    Li, Hua
    ;
    Wei, Hu
    ;
    Prakitchaiwattana, Cheunjit
    ;
    Siriamornpun, Sirithon
    This study investigates the impact of soaking, germination, and roasting under various conditions on the phenolic content, antioxidant activities, and fatty acid profile of sunflower seeds of striped and black oil seed varieties. Ferulic acid emerged as the predominant phenolic acid across all samples. The study highlights the influence of different treatments and processing conditions on the levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Results revealed that soaking striped seeds for 24 h and roasting black oil seeds for 6 min exhibited the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Antioxidant activities varied, with striped seeds soaked for 24 h demonstrating the highest ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values, while black oil seeds roasted for 6 min exhibited superior 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were identified as major fatty acids in all processed samples, with striped seeds germinated for 24 h and black oil seeds germinated for 48 h displaying the highest concentrations. Soaking led to a reduction in both unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in both varieties. Roasting further influenced fatty acid concentrations, with a significant increase in striped seeds after 5 and 6 h of roasting, followed by a gradual decrease. Our findings suggest that incorporating appropriate processing methods, such as soaking striped seeds for 24 h and roasting black oil seeds for 6 min, enhances the potential health benefits of sunflower seeds.
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    Nanocarbon induced modifications in morpho-physiopgical characteristics in rice plants [oryza sativa l. cv. black jasmine rice (Hom-nin)]
    (2020-01-01)
    Samart, Sutichai
    ;
    Chutipaijit, Sutee
    The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential application of nanocarbon in plant growth and physiological responses in rice plants. This research was designed to evaluate the effects of different concentration of nanocarbon (0-1,000 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) on growth characterizations and physiological parameters after 1-4 weeks of nanocarbon-treatment. Induction in the growth performances and contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and carotenoids), antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and peroxidase) and flavonoids was observed in the rice plants after treated with nanocarbon. The results showed that nanocarbon promoted the plant growth in rice plants cv. Black jasmine rice or Hom-nin by increasing the shoot lengths and dry weights. The significant increase of shoot length and dry weight were found in 200 and 600 mg L<sup>-1</sup> nanocarbontreatments. Additionally, the high contents of photosynthetic pigment concentrations in treated-plants showed significant difference at 600 mg L<sup>-1</sup> nanocarbon compared to the control (0 mg L<sup>-1</sup> nanocarbon). The antioxidant activities of catalase and peroxidase enzymes in nanocarbon treated-plants were significantly increased compared to the control. Furthermore, the induction of flavonoid contents in treated-plants was increased by 200 and 600 mg L<sup>-1</sup> nanocarbon. The results suggested that nanocarbon able to promote the biomass and has benefit to increase the photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes for plant growth performances. This research provided plant growth and physiological responses evidence on the beneficial effect of nanocarbon in rice plants, especially Black jasmine rice or Hom-nin cultivar.