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    Modeling and Optimization of Maize Yield and Water Use Efficiency under Biochar, Inorganic Fertilizer and Irrigation Using Principal Component Analysis
    (2024-10-01)
    Faloye, Oluwaseun Temitope
    ;
    Ajayi, Ayodele Ebenezer
    ;
    Oguntunde, Philip Gbenro
    ;
    Kamchoom, Viroon
    ;
    Fasina, Abayomi
    This study was conducted to predict the grain yield of a maize crop from easy-to-measure growth parameters and select the best treatment combinations of biochar, inorganic fertilizer, and irrigation for the maize grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. Two rates of biochar (0 and 20 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) and fertilizer (0 and 300 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) were applied to the soil, with maize crop planted, and subjected to deficit irrigation at 60, 80, and 100% of full irrigation amounts (FIA). Maize growth parameters (number of leaves—NL, leaf area—LA, leaf area index—LAI, and plant height—PH) were measured weekly. The results showed that the developed principal component regression (PCR) from the easy-to-measure growth parameters were strong and moderate in predicting the maize yield and WUE, with coefficient of determination; r<sup>2</sup> values of 0.92 and 0.56, respectively. Using the PCA technique, the integration of irrigation with the least amount of water (60% FAI) with biochar (20 t ha<sup>−1</sup>) and fertilizer (300 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) produced the highest ranking on grain yield and water use efficiency. This optimization technique showed that with the adoption of the integrative approach, 40% of irrigation water could be saved for other agricultural purposes
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    Production efficiency and the role of collective actions among irrigated rice farms in Northern Thailand.
    (2022-01-01)
    Llones, Christopher Almoroto
    ;
    Mankeb, Panya
    ;
    Wongtragoon, Unggoon
    ;
    Suwanmaneepong, Suneeporn
    The idea of shared irrigation management is expected to result in a better production outcome for farmers. However, there is little evidence of whether collective action participation leads to a higher level of production efficiency. Using cross-sectional survey data from irrigated rice farms in Northern Thailand, we found that a higher level of production efficiency is associated with higher participation in collective action. At the same time, engagement in collaborative works such as irrigation maintenance, group meetings, conflict resolution, and policy adherence has a marginal effect on farmers’ efficiency. Our findings suggest that complementing existing efforts in addressing irrigation issues with efforts to mobilize collective actions among farmers leads to an improved on-farm outcome.