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Changes in Carcass Condemnation During a Six-Year Transition from Antibiotic-Based to Antibiotic-Free Broiler Production in Thailand: A Bayesian Structural Time-Series Analysis
(2026-07-01)
Punyapornwithaya, Veerasak
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Siriyakhun, Supitchaya
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Jainonthee, Chalita
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Pichpol, Duangporn
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Pirompud, Pranee
The transition from antibiotic-based (AB) to antibiotic-free (ABF) broiler production represents a major shift in poultry management, with potential implications for flock health, welfare, and processing outcomes. This study evaluated its impact on condemnation percentage (%condemnation) using Bayesian structural time-series (BSTS) analysis. Data from a Thai integrator comprised 105,899 truckload-level records (2015–2020) across 260 contract farms. The AB period (2015–2017) served as the baseline, and the ABF period (2018–2020) was assessed using counterfactual projections. Time-series decomposition and change-point analysis revealed an increasing trend in %condemnation during the early phase of ABF implementation, followed by a decline in 2020, with five structural shifts detected. The BSTS model estimated an absolute effect of +1.10% (95% CI: −1.50 to 3.80; p = 0.207) and a relative effect of +95% (95% CI: −38% to 657%), indicating no statistically significant causal impact. The transient increase may reflect short-term adaptation challenges, whereas subsequent stabilization may be associated with adaptation to ABF production and other concurrent management changes. Overall, the transition from AB to ABF production did not significantly affect %condemnation. Adaptive management measures were implemented as a company-wide policy but were not directly evaluated within the BSTS framework.
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Influence of synbiotic supplementation on performance, fecal consistency, cecal microbiome, and egg quality of hens during late laying phase
(2026-06-01)
Pongmanee, Koonphol
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Rassmidatta, Konkawat
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Lee, Ting Yu
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Lin, Jin Seng
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Chaosap, Chanporn
Hens in the late laying phase often experience age-related physiological constraints that may reduce production efficiency, eggshell quality, and welfare. This study evaluated the effects of dietary synbiotic supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, fecal characteristics, and the cecal microbiome of late-phase laying hens. A total of 240 Lohmann Brown hens (50 weeks old) were distributed into 20 replicates and randomly assigned to a corn–soybean control diet or the same diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg synbiotic (SYNLAC Prime®) for 22 weeks. Synbiotic supplementation did not affect egg production or egg mass but significantly reduced feed intake (P = 0.036). It also improved eggshell quality by decreasing the proportion of cracked eggs (P = 0.014) and increasing eggshell weight (P = 0.049) and shell thickness (P = 0.031). Fecal score and moisture content were not affected; however, synbiotic-fed hens showed lower fecal ammonia concentration (P = 0.033). Synbiotic supplementation increased both alpha and beta microbial diversity in the cecum. While microbial composition at higher taxonomic levels was largely unchanged, the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae increased, whereas those of Bacteroidaceae and Clostridiaceae decreased. At the genus level, synbiotic supplementation increased Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillus, while reducing Bacteroides and Alistipes. Functional prediction analysis indicated that synbiotic supplementation upregulated 12 cecal metabolic pathways and downregulated two pathways. Overall, synbiotic supplementation improved eggshell quality, promoted beneficial gut microbial populations, and reduced fecal ammonia emissions, suggesting its potential as a dietary strategy to support productivity and gut health in hens during the late laying phase.
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Effects of Dietary Crude Glycerol Supplementation on Performance, Egg Quality, and Yolk Fatty Acids in Laying Hens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(2026-05-01)
Sivapirunthep, Panneepa
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Sulaimon, Rasheed Olayiwola
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Sahatsanon, Katatikarn
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Jayanegara, Anuraga
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Patthararangsarith, Pattraphorn
This study evaluated the effects of dietary crude glycerol supplementation on laying performance, egg quality traits, and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens. A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature from major scientific databases identified thirteen eligible studies. Effect sizes were calculated as mean differences using random-effects models, and subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to assess the influence of inclusion level, hen age, strain, and dose–response relationships. Moderate inclusion of crude glycerol (≤4%) significantly increased egg production (MD = +0.71 percentage points; p = 0.019) and egg mass (MD = +1.08 g; p = 0.007). External egg quality traits, including shell thickness, shell breaking strength, and shell percentage, were not significantly affected, while albumen height decreased slightly (MD = −0.14 mm; p = 0.004) and Haugh unit remained unchanged. Crude glycerol supplementation also increased linoleic acid, total unsaturated fatty acids, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.001). Responses varied with inclusion level, hen age, and strain, and a positive dose–response relationship between crude glycerol level and yolk linoleic acid was observed in white-egg strains. Overall, moderate crude glycerol inclusion can partially replace conventional dietary energy sources with minimal adverse effects on egg quality.
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Bacterial xylanase supplementation improves nutrient utilization, gut integrity, and microbial metabolism in broilers fed energy-reduced diets
(2026-04-01)
Phusathian, Benjaphorn
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Pongmanee, Koonphol
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Theapparat, Yongyuth
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Saikhwan, Nanthawath
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Trairatapiwan, Tassanee
This study evaluated the effects of bacterial xylanase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal integrity, and microbial metabolic function in broilers fed energy-reduced diets. A total of 1,050 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments, each comprising 14 replicates of 25 birds: a positive control (CON; standard corn–soybean meal diet), a negative control with reduced energy (NC; −85 kcal/kg), and an energy-reduced diet supplemented with bacterial xylanase (NCX; 100 g/ton Belfeed Xylanase™). During the starter phase, broilers fed the NC diet exhibited higher feed intake and FCR compared with those fed the CON and NCX diets (P < 0.05), with no significant difference between the CON and NCX diets. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and fat did not differ among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, broilers fed the NCX diet showed higher (P < 0.05) digestibility of crude fiber, NDF, and ADF than those fed the CON or NC diets. Apparent metabolizable energy was higher in broilers fed the CON and NCX diets compared with the NC diet. Furthermore, broilers receiving the CON and NCX diets exhibited significantly lower serum fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran concentrations than those fed the NC diet, indicating improved intestinal barrier integrity. Bacterial xylanase supplementation increased microbial alpha diversity and altered beta diversity clustering, with enrichment of beneficial taxa such as Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae. Functional metagenomic prediction suggested greater representation of carbohydrate metabolism and energy production pathways in the NCX diet, whereas the NC diet was associated with enrichment of stress-related and xenobiotic degradation pathways. Overall, bacterial xylanase supplementation mitigated the adverse effects of dietary energy reduction by improving fiber utilization, maintaining gut integrity, and modulating the cecal microbiota toward a more favorable metabolic profile.
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Effects of Host-Specific Multi-Lactic Acid Bacterial Probiotics on Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, and Gut Microbiome in Fattening Pigs
(2026-04-01)
Sahatsanon, Katatikarn
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Chaweewan, Kamon
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Sringarm, Korawan
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Arjin, Chaiwat
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Hnokaew, Patipan
This study evaluated the effects of a host-specific multi-lactic acid bacterial (MLAB) probiotic and sex on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, and gut microbiota in fattening pigs. Thirty-two crossbred pigs (10 ± 0.80 weeks; 23.43 ± 0.17 kg) were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design with diet (control or MLAB probiotics) and sex (barrow or female). The MLAB supplement consisted of seven lactic acid bacterial strains mixed in equal proportions (≈14.3% each)—Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus reuteri, Weissella cibaria, Lactobacillus paraplantarum, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Pediococcus pentosaceus—administered at 1 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/kg feed for 12 weeks. MLAB probiotic supplementation reduced bone proportion while increasing skin and fat content (p < 0.05), with a treatment × sex interaction for loin eye area (p < 0.05). Meat quality improved in the MLAB group, showing higher ultimate pH and lower cooking loss (p < 0.05), indicating improved water-holding capacity. Female pigs exhibited higher early postmortem pH and protein content (p < 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed increased abundances of Oxalobacteraceae and Paludibacteraceae and reduced Clostridium sensu stricto 6 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that host-adapted probiotics may support gut microbial balance and improve certain pork quality traits.
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Cholesterol oxidation products, dietary fiber, physicochemical properties, and sensory attributes of NaCl-substituted beef sausages supplemented with defatted coconut flour
(2026-02-01)
Adeyemi, kazeem D.
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Odebo, Itunu O.
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Adebule, Amudat B.
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Shittu, Rafiat M.
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Chaosap, Chanporn
This study examined the effects of supplementing defatted coconut flour (DCF) on oxysterols, dietary fiber, physicochemical properties, and sensory attributes of NaCl-substituted beef sausages. The sausages were formulated with either 15% wheat flour (WF) + 2% NaCl (DCF-1); 5% WF + 10% DCF + 2% NaCl (DCF-2); 5% WF + 10% DCF + 0.5% NaCl + 1.5% KCl (DCF-3); or 5% WF + 10% DCF + 0.5% NaCl + 1.5% potassium citrate (DCF-4), and roasted at 180 °C for 25 min. DCF supplementation significantly reduced moisture and increased total, insoluble, and soluble dietary fiber in the sausages. DCF-3 and DCF-4 sausages had lower sodium content (P < 0.05). DCF-1 sausages were lighter and redder (P < 0.05) than the other sausages, except DCF-3. DCF-3 sausages exhibited higher cooking loss compared to the other sausages (P < 0.05). DCF-1 sausages had higher levels of 7-ketocholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, and total oxysterols, while DCF-4 sausages had the lowest levels of 7-ketocholesterol, 22R-hydroxycholesterol, and total oxysterols (P < 0.05). TBARS values were higher in DCF-1 and DCF-2 sausages than in DCF-3 and DCF-4 sausages. DCF-1 sausages had higher carbonyl content compared to the other formulations. The sensory attributes of DCF-3, DCF-1, and DCF-4 sausages were comparable, but DCF-2 sausages had a better taste than DCF-3 and DCF-4, as well as the highest overall acceptability. In conclusion, DCF supplementation improved the dietary fiber content, oxidative stability, and sensory quality of NaCl-substituted beef sausages. The partial substitution of NaCl with potassium salts lowered sodium content and enhanced oxidative stability in beef sausages.
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Evaluation of Productivity and Egg Quality in Japanese Quails Reared Under Different LED Colors and Rearing Systems
(2026-02-01)
Kaewhom, Paitoon
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Saelim, Kraiyot
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Poolsamran, Patcharawadee
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Thammakarn, Chanathip
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Chaosap, Chanporn
This study evaluated the productivity and egg quality of Japanese quails reared under different LED colors and rearing systems. A total of 720 female quails were assigned to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with three LED colors (red, green, and white) and two rearing systems (cage and floor) until 20 weeks of age. Production performance was evaluated across specific age intervals, while physical egg quality traits were analyzed using a Repeated-measures General Linear Model to assess temporal changes. No significant overall interactions between LED color and rearing system were observed (p > 0.05). However, significant interactions between treatment and time (p < 0.05) revealed that red LED light progressively enhanced productivity, while the floor system significantly improved feed efficiency and income during the early laying phase (weeks 6–12). Specifically, red LED light significantly improved hen-day production, egg mass, feed efficiency, and income-to-cost ratio compared to other colors (p < 0.05). Physical egg quality traits remained consistent across treatments (p > 0.05) but were significantly influenced by time (p < 0.05). In conclusion, red LED light optimizes long-term profitability, whereas the floor system offers distinct advantages during the onset of lay.
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Effects of supplementing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) leaves in concentrate diet on carcass traits and meat characteristics of Longissimus muscle in goat kids
(2025-12-01)
Chaosap, Chanporn
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Sahatsanon, Katatikarn
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Adeyemi, Kazeem D.
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Sringarm, Korawan
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Mitchaothai, Jamlong
The influence of dietary hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) leaf (HL) supplementation in a concentrate diet on carcass traits, physicochemical properties, amino acids, ribonucleotides, lipid oxidation, and fatty acids of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle in goat kids was evaluated. Fifteen entire Thai native x Boer bucks (body weight: 16.28±0.35kg; age: 4 months) were randomly assigned to concentrate diets containing 0% (HL-0), 2% (HL-2), or 4% (HL-4) HL for 150 days, after which they were slaughtered. The LTL muscles were assessed for physicochemical properties, fatty acids, amino acids, ribonucleotides and lipid oxidation. The HL-4 goats had heavier hot and cold carcass weights compared to the other groups (P<0.05). Shoulder percentage was lower in the HL-0 goats than in the other groups (P<0.05). The diets did not affect color, chemical composition, shear force, muscle fiber diameter, sarcomere length, ribonucleotides, or free and total amino acids in the LTL muscle in goats. However, the HL-4 meat had higher (P<0.05) pH 24h compared to the HL-2 meat, while the pH of the HL-0 meat did not differ from that of the other groups. The HL-4 meat had lower cook loss compared to the other meats (P<0.05). HL supplementation increased C20:4n-6 concentration (P<0.05). HL-2 meat had higher total polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to the other groups (P<0.05). The HL-2 and HL-4 meats had lower TBARS values (P<0.05) throughout the 5-day postmortem chill storage. Dietary inclusion of 2–4% hemp leaves improved carcass yield, fatty acids, and oxidative stability of goat meat without compromising other quality traits, suggesting its potential as a natural feed additive to enhance meat quality and shelf life.
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Predictive modeling of bruising in broiler chickens using machine learning algorithms
(2025-11-01)
Pirompud, Pranee
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Sivapirunthep, Panneepa
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Punyapornwithaya, Veerasak
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Chaosap, Chanporn
Bruising chicken broiler is caused by physical stress and injury to the skin and underlying tissues is a major problem in poultry production, affecting both animal welfare and economic outcomes. The aim of this study was to classify the bruising class (low or high percentage of carcass showing bruise at slaughterhouse) per truckload comparing the predictive performance of six machine learning (ML) models– Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Classification Tree (CT), Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB)– and using a data set including information about season, time of transport, sex of the flock, flock size, chicken age, chicken mean body weight, housing stocking density, on farm mortality and culling rate, and feed withdrawal time. The general objective was to offer tools for the early detection of flocks with a higher likelihood of bruising and to highlight how ML can support decision-making, strengthen welfare monitoring programs, and reduce economic losses in commercial broiler production. The dataset comprised 26,031 truckloads, each averaging 3,026 ± 245 broilers, and included 14 predictors spanning the rearing, catching, transportation, and slaughtering phases. Data were collected from a commercial broiler producer in Thailand between 2021 and 2022. Bruising percentages ranged from 0 to 4%, with values above 0.8% classified as high, accounting for 41.4% of all truckloads. Due to this distribution, model training was conducted without resampling. Among the evaluated models, the XGB algorithm outperformed the other five machine learning models in predicting bruising in broilers, although the overall predictive accuracy was moderate, likely due to the absence of certain key variables. The most important variables included mean body weight, transport duration, in housing and transport crate stocking density, transport distance, mortality and culling rate throughout the birds' entire life at the farm, feed withdrawal time, and duration in lairage. These findings demonstrate the utility of ML, especially XGB, for supporting early identification of broiler flocks prone to bruising. By applying targeted management interventions—such as maintaining bird health, in housing and transport crate stocking density, feed withdrawal, and lairage duration—producers can mitigate bruising, thereby enhancing both animal welfare and operational efficiency.
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Effects of fructooligosaccharide administration routes on growth performance, gut integrity, microbiota, and meat quality in broiler chickens exposed to reused litter
(2025-11-01)
Ruangpanit, Yuwares
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Rassmidatta, Konkawat
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Philatha, Ananchai
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Saothong, Prayooth
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Sompugdee, Chokchai
This study investigated the effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation, administered via feed or drinking water, on growth performance, gut morphology, microbiota, stress response, and meat quality in broiler chickens reared under reused litter conditions. A total of 900 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to three groups: a control (CON), 0.5 % FOS in drinking water (FOS-W), and 0.5 % FOS in feed (FOS-F), over a 38-day trial conducted using reused litter to simulate oxidative and physiological stress. FOS administration route had no significant effect on growth performance, carcass characteristics, gut morphology, cecal microbiota composition, stress indicators, meat quality, or ribonucleotide levels. Furthermore, FOS supplementation, irrespective of delivery method, did not influence growth, carcass traits, or meat quality when compared to the control. However, both FOS-supplemented groups exhibited significantly higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratios in the ileum and jejunum, increased cecal Lactobacillus counts, and reduced heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, indicating enhanced intestinal integrity and reduced physiological stress. In conclusion, while FOS supplementation did not affect performance or meat quality under reused litter conditions, it positively influenced gut morphology, microbial balance, and stress response. These findings support the potential of FOS as a functional feed additive to improve intestinal health and resilience in broiler chickens under intensive production systems.

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