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Phytochemical analysis of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell leaves for the development of herbal tea
(2026-06-01)
Montri, N.
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Chalornsiri, S.
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Pato, N.
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Kueasakun, N.
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Deewatthanawong, R.
The plant Melaleuca cajuputi Powell, commonly known as cajuput, is found in coastal swamp forests in Thailand. Traditional knowledge suggests using cajuput tea, derived from its leaves, for treating peptic ulcers. The research was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition of the dried leaves from different stages of leaf age and drying methods. The young, immature, and mature leaves were picked from the tree. Leaves were cleaned and dried in a hot air oven at 40, 45, and 50°C. The tea extracts were then analyzed for acid concentration and phenolic content. The study revealed that drying young leaves using varying acid concentrations significantly affected leaf age; however, the drying methods did not exhibit a notable effect. The highest levels of citric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid were observed in young leaves. Hot air oven at 40°C resulted in the highest total phenolic content at 137.55mg GAE g-1 DW.
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Effect of calcium phosphate on growth, pigment and secondary compound accumulation in Cannabis sativa L. callus
(2026-05-01)
Tebdoie, C.
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Thipphaaut, T.
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Deewatthanawong, R.
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Kongchinda, P.
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Singhavorachai, P.
The application of calcium phosphate in the form of tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) on cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) callus cultures for 7 days significantly increased fresh and dry weights at concentrations ranging from 800 to 2000 mg/L, with no statistical differences between concentrations. However, higher calcium phosphate concentrations led to reductions in pigments and DPPH radical scavenging activity. By contrast, callus cultures treated with 800 and 1600 mg/L showed enhanced total phenolic content and carotenoids, while total flavonoid content increased proportionally. These findings suggested that calcium phosphate concentration influenced the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in cannabis callus cultures.
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Application of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell crude extract on controlling postharvest anthracnose disease in Gross Michel banana (Musa (AAA group) ‘Kluai Hom Thong’)
(2026-03-01)
Montri, N.
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Leujantuak, P.
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Tongsri, V.
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Deewatthanawong, R.
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Bunya-Atichart, K.
Exporting Gross Michel bananas, known as ‘Kluai Hom Thong’ in Thailand, to Japan involves several considerations to ensure compliance with Japan’s stringent food safety and quality standards, especially regarding pesticide residues and other contaminants. The research aimed to evaluate the impact of various concentrations of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell crude extract on controlling postharvest anthracnose disease in Gross Michel bananas, focusing on developing a non-toxic production method. The 70% ripening stage bananas were dipped with 0, 800, 1,000, and 1,200 mg L-1 crude extract for 2 min before spraying with 10-6 spore mL-1 of Colletotrichum musae spore suspension, followed by a 2-day incubation, subsequent spraying with 500 mg L-1 of ethephon solution, and a further 1-day incubation at ambient temperature (29±2°C). The shelf-life of banana, weight loss, total soluble solids, and surface morphology of banana peel were analyzed. Results showed that applying M. cajuputi Powell crude extract could extend shelf-life and maintain the quality of banana fruits. The 800 mg L-1 crude extract resulted in 2.13% weight loss, with peel density at 14.80 N cm-3 and pulp density at 6.23 N cm-3. Additionally, it resulted in the lowest percentage of anthracnose disease at 7.5% and the longest shelf life of 8 days.
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Optimizing simplified growing media to enhance cannabis cultivation
(2025-07-01)
Tebdoie, C.
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Khana, A.
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Pajareeyanont, S.
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Deewatthanawong, R.
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Kongchinda, P.
This study evaluated the effects of different growing media on the vegetative growth, chlorophyll content, and inflorescence yield of Cannabis sativa L. ‘Platinum Kush Breath Remix’. A substrate composed of peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite (3:1:1; PM) significantly enhanced plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, and inflorescence yield. The highest chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contents were observed in plants grown in a medium comprising coconut coir, perlite, vermiculite, and vermicompost (3:1:1:1; CC1), which was comparable to PM in terms of yield. Both PM and CC1 media significantly outperformed other treatments, indicating their suitability for optimizing C. sativa growth and productivity.
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Paclobutrazol enhances yield and secondary compound accumulation in Curcuma longa L.
(2024-11-01)
Montri, N.
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Chauytam, S.
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Deewatthanawong, R.
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Bunya-Atichart, K.
The results indicated that the application of different concentrations of PBZ at 60 days preharvest had an impact on yield after harvest at 9 months while the color of turmeric remained relatively consistent. In all treatments, the rhizome color was yellow to orange. The fresh weight of the rhizome showed no significant differences within the range of 0-800 mg/L PBZ treatments, with the lowest yield observed in 1,200 mg/L PBZ treatment. The dry weight percentage was highest when treated with 800 mg/L PBZ for the mother rhizome and 600 mg/L PBZ for the finger rhizome. Regarding the accumulation of secondary compounds, highly significant differences among the treatments were found for the content of total flavonoids and total phenolics while curcumin showed significant differences. The treatment with 1,200 mg/L PBZ had the highest total phenolics content at 78.18 mg GAE/gDW and total flavonoids at 295.54 mg QUE/gDW. PBZ-treated plants also showed higher curcumin content and percentage than the non-treated plants. These findings indicated that the application of PBZ has the potential to improve both the yield and quality of turmeric, which is advantageous for cultivating this valuable medicinal plant.
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Effect of BA and IBA on micropropagation of Cannabis sativa L. ‘Hang Kra Rog’
(2024-09-01)
Singhavorachai, P.
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Deewatthanawong, R.
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Montri, N.
‘Hang Kra Rog’ is an original Thai strain of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.). Tissue culture methods can rapidly propagate disease-free plants. This study optimized the protocol for surface sterilization and in vitro plant regeneration from explant nodal segments for the propagation of cannabis on an industrial scale. Various Clorox concentrations and soaking periods were used for surface sterilization, with different concentrations of BA and IBA plant growth regulators added to the basal medium for micropropagation of C. sativa L. using nodal explant culture. Results showed that 10% Clorox for 20 min followed by 5% Clorox for 20 min gave the highest explant survival at 75%. Optimal shoot and root development occurred when enriched with 0.5 mg L-1 IBA, resulting in 1.00 shoots, 3.10 roots, 9.97 leaves, and a shoot length of 4.74 cm. The 2 mg L-1 BA yielded the highest number of shoots at 1.87 shoots and resulted in a large callus size of 1.19 cm and callus fresh weight of 0.32 g.
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Transcription factors involved THCAS promoter in cannabinoid biosynthesis pathway of Cannabis sativa L.
(2024-09-01)
Tontiworachai, B.
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Deewatthanawong, R.
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Mitsuda, N.
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Sakamoto, S.
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Chung, K.
Cannabinoids are important secondary metabolites found in Cannabis sativa L. that play a crucial medical role in pain relief and mood adjustment. The main cannabinoid substances in cannabis are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). THCA biosynthesis is regulated by the THCA synthase (THCAS) gene which is regulated by the THCAS promoter. However, a comprehensive understanding regarding the regulation of gene expression by transcription factors (TFs) in cannabis is lacking. This study identified the TFs involved in regulating the THCAS promoter in Cannabis sativa L. ‘Hang Kra Rog’ by first amplifying the nucleotide sequences in the promoter of the THCAS gene from cannabis plants using the PCR technique. Subsequently, the THCAS promoter was cloned into the pENTR-5’-TOPO vector for sequencing purposes and then transferred into the R4L1pDEST_HISi vector by the LR reaction for yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) screening to study the interaction between TF proteins from the transcription factor cDNA library and the THCAS promoter within yeast cells. The TF proteins involved in the THCAS promoter were identified into seven groups: ARID, B3, bZIP, CPP, GeBP, HD, and NAC with further verification of their functions in cannabis plant cells using transient effector-reporter analysis.
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Application of calcium chloride on yield and quality of Capsicum annuum L.
(2024-09-01)
Montri, N.
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Sengseng, S.
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Deewatthanawong, R.
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Bunya-Atichart, K.
Application of calcium chloride on yield and quality of Capsicum annuum L. 'Super Hot' were investigated. The experiments were conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD). 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg L-1calcium chloride was sprayed preharvest at the orange-red ripening stage. The ripe red fruits were harvested. Yield and quality in terms of fruit color and secondary compound content were measured. The results showed that spraying with various concentrations of calcium chloride did not affect the percentage of dry weight and color of fruit but significantly influenced fresh and dry weight, capsaicin, total phenolics, and total flavonoid contents. Preharvest spraying of calcium chloride at 40 mg L-1treatment gave the maximum fresh and dry weight and total phenolics at 1,257.83 g, 361.35 g, and 44.75 mg GAE g-1DW, respectively. A high content of total flavonoid at 63.50 and 6.75 mg QE g-1DW was observed in 20 to 40 mg L-1treatment, while high contents of capsaicin contents at 64.32 mg g-1 DW were achieved in 80 mg L-1,.
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Non-destructive measurement of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) using near-infrared spectroscopy
(2023-11-01)
Deewatthanawong, R.
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Kongchinda, P.
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Chanapan, S.
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Tontiworachai, B.
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Sakkhamduang, C.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are cannabinoids which produced by cannabis plants and major compounds found in cannabis products. A predictive method for non-destructive quantification of THC and CBD using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technology is developed. The prediction model for THC estimation had coefficient of determination (R-squared) and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) values of 0.9994 and 0.1926, respectively. The correlation between THC values of HPLC measurement and NIR prediction showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9078. For CBD prediction, the R-squared and RMSEC values of CBD equation were 0.9995 and 0.0006, respectively. The predicted and measured concentrations of CBD showed good correlation with a regression correlation of 0.9413. The test indicated NIR could be a promising alternative method for THC and CBD evaluation.
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Production of F1 Papilionanthe hookeriana (Rchb.f.) Schltr. homozygous and heterozygous: Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of flower colors and self and cross-pollination ability between different flower colors
(2023-11-01)
Tontiworachai, B.
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Deewatthanawong, R.
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Intasam, N.
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Buamas, S.
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Promvai, S.
Results showed that seed germination of Papilionanthe hookeriana (Rchb.f.) Schltr. was not significantly different between self-pollination treatments, while the percentage of selfpollination ability and seedling numbers were significantly different at 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively. Pink and purple flowers had the highest self-pollination ability at 100% and the highest numbers of seedlings (1,295) for self-pollination of pink flowers. Percentages of crosspollination ability, pod size and weight, and seed weight were not significantly different between treatments, while percentages of seed germination and seedling numbers were significantly different at the 0.01 level. The PixPu hybrid showed 100% seed germination, whereas the PixWh hybrid yielded the highest number of seedlings (403.2). Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to study the genetic relations between various flower colors of P. hookeriana (Rchb.f.) Schltr. and the F1 hybrids of self- and cross-pollinated plants were classified into two clusters by UPGMA methods.

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