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Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on productive performance, pectoral myopathies, and meat quality of broiler chickens
(2021-11-01)
Khalil, Shady
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Saenbungkhor, Nualprae
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Kesnava, Kajorn
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Sivapirunthep, Panneepa
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Sitthigripong, Ronachai
The effects of guanidinoacteic acid (GAA) supplementation on productive performance, pectoral myopathies, and meat quality of broilers were studied. Treatments consisted of corn/soybean-based diets with a GAA supplement (0%, 0.06%, and 0.12%). A total of 546 one-day-old Ross-308 males were randomly allocated to 42 floor pens with 14 replicates (13 birds/pens) for each treatment. The results showed that GAA at doses of 0.06% and 0.12% improved feed conversion, increased the percentage of normal breast, and decreased the severity of wooden breast. Breast muscle myopathy severity was positively correlated with heavy birds and negatively correlated with breast muscle creatine and glycogen. Breast muscle creatine and glycogen correlated positively with normal, less severe pectoral myopathies and meat quality. In conclusion, GAA supplementation improved broiler performance without exacerbating pectoral myopathy or affecting meat quality.
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Meat quality, post-mortem proteolytic enzymes, and myosin heavy chain isoforms of different Thai native cattle muscles
(2021-09-01)
Chaosap, Chanporn
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Sivapirunthep, Panneepa
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Sitthigripong, Ronachai
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Tavitchasri, Piyada
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Maduae, Sabaiporn
Objective: This study investigated the meat quality characteristics, endogenous proteolytic enzymes, collagen content, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms of different muscles of Thai native cattle (TNC). Methods: Infraspinatus (IF), Longissimus thoracis (LT), and Supraspinatus (SS) muscles were obtained from two TNC breeds, Kho-Lan (KL, n = 7) and Kho-Isaan (KI, n = 7). The muscle and meat characteristics of TNC breeds and their relationship with MyHC expression were examined. Results: Three MyHC isoforms namely MyHC I, MyHC IIa, and MyHC IIx were detected in the muscles. The KL had higher (p<0.05) MyHC IIx than the KI. The IF muscle had higher (p<0.05) MyHC I compared to other muscles. The LT muscle had the least MyHC I. The LT had higher (p<0.05) MyHC IIx than the IF and SS muscles. The IF presented the least MyHC IIx. The KL had higher (p<0.05) lightness and moisture content and lower crude protein, redness, cooking loss, shear force, and calpastatin than the KI. The glycogen, total collagen, soluble collagen, crude protein, ash contents, and troponin T degradation product of IF and SS were lower (p<0.05) than that of LT. Ether extract in LT was lower (p<0.05) than that of IF and SS. The percentage of MyHC I, MyHC IIa, and MyHC IIx were significantly correlated with muscle and meat characteristics of TNC. Conclusion: These results suggest that the differences in the MyHC isoforms may partly account for the variation in meat quality between breeds and among muscles of TNC.
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Myosin heavy chain isoforms expression, calpain system and quality characteristics of different muscles in goats
(2020-08-15)
Chaosap, Chanporn
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Sitthigripong, Ronachai
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Sivapirunthep, Panneepa
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Pungsuk, Apichaya
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Adeyemi, Kazeem D.
Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms in goat muscles and their possible relationships with meat quality have not been fully elucidated. This study characterized the MHC isoforms in different caprine muscles using sodium dodecyl sulphate glycerol gel electrophoresis (SDS-GGE). The relationships between MHC isoforms, calpain systems and meat quality characteristics of different muscles in goats were examined. Four muscles, namely infraspinatus (IF), longissimus dorsi (LD), psoas major (PM) and supraspinatus (SS) were obtained from ten Boer crossbred bucks (7–10 months old; 26.5 ± 3.5 kg, BW). The percentages of MHC I, MHC IIa and MHC IIx in SS, IF, PM and LD were 47.2, 38.3, 32.1, 11.9; 28.0, 42.1, 33.0, 36.4; and 24.8, 19.6, 34.9 and 51.7, respectively. IF and SS had higher levels of calpastatin, total collagen and insoluble collagen contents than did PM and LD. PM had longer sarcomere length than did other muscles. LD had higher collagen solubility, troponin-T degradation products and glycogen content than did other muscles. These results infer that variable fiber-type composition could account partially for the differences in the physicochemical properties of goat muscles.
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Effect of compensatory growth on forms of glycogen, postmortem proteolysis, and meat quality in pigs
(2011-07-01)
Chaosap, C.
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Parr, T.
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Wiseman, J.
The current experiment was designedto examine if a compensatory feed regimen influencedstorage of glycogen forms, activity of proteolytic systems,and meat quality. Female pigs (Large White ×Landrace × Duroc cross) with an initial age of 74 dwere allocated to 6 feeding treatment groups (n = 8 foreach group). Groups then consumed feed ad libitum for40 (A40), 42 (A42), or 82 d (A82). The compensatorygrowth groups were fed 0.70 of ad libitum intake for40 d (R40) followed by refeeding for ad libitum intakefor 2 (R40A2) or 42 d (R40A42). Pigs were slaughteredat the end of the restriction period (SL1), thenafter refeeding for 2 (SL2) and 42 d (SL3). The feedingregimen caused restricted animals at SL2 to havea decreased BW (P = 0.039), with the refed animalsundergoing compensatory growth by SL3 so BW wasnot different (P = 0.829). At SL1 there was a trend forthe R40 pigs to have less intramuscular fat than A40 (P= 0.084). There was a trend for macroglycogen (MG; P= 0.051) and a significant effect for proglycogen (ProG;P = 0.014) to be greater at slaughter in R40 than A40,along with a greater postmortem decline in both MG(P = 0.033) and ProG (P = 0.022) over the first 2 h inR40, which was associated with the R40 having a lowerpH at 24 h postmortem (P = 0.043). After refeeding for2 d (SL2), only MG of R40A2 was greater (P = 0.030)than A42 and had a trend for a greater difference ofdecline at 24 h postmortem (P = 0.091), which was associatedwith lower pH at 24 h (P = 0.012). The datasuggest that the concentrations of ProG are more labileand recovered to the concentrations of pigs fed for adlibitum intake sooner than MG. After full compensationin SL3, there was no difference for MG content (at0 h, P = 0.721; at 2 h, P = 0.987; at 24 h, P = 0.343),ProG content (at 0 h, P = 0.879; at 2 h, P = 0.946;at 24 h, P = 0.459), and muscle pH (at 45 min, P =0.373; at 24 h, P = 0.226). At all slaughter points, therewas no difference in shear force (at SL1, P = 0.101; atSL2, P = 0.420; at SL3, P = 0.167). There were nosignificant effects of the feeding regimen on micro- andmilli-calpain large subunit gene expression (for microcalpainat SL1, P = 0.450; at SL2, P = 0.171; at SL3,P = 0.281; for milli-calpain at SL1, P = 0.666; at SL2,P = 0.123; at SL3, P = 0.617) or the activity of the 2proteolytic enzymes at any of the slaughter dates (formicro-calpain at SL1, P = 0.238; at SL2, P = 0.238; atSL3, P = 0.222; for milli-calpain at SL1, P = 0.296; atSL2, P = 0.230; at SL3, P = 0.615). In R40 there wasa trend (P = 0.070) for greater gene expression of caspase3, whereas in R40A2 the increase was significant(P = 0.009) relative to pigs consuming feed ad libitum.However, gene expression of the E3 ligase, MuRF1, atSL3 was less in R40A42 (P = 0.019). Although compensatorygrowth does appear to influence the expressionof various proteolytic systems, the changes do notappear to be associated with meat quality as measuredby shear force. ©2011 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

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