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    Effect of a fibrolytic enzyme cocktail and lactic acid bacteria inoculant on fermentation characteristics, microbial community, and in vitro fiber digestibility in rice straw silage
    (2026-01-01)
    Bureenok, Smerjai
    ;
    Juntasin, Weenaporn
    ;
    Saenmahayak, Benya
    ;
    Saithi, Sukanya
    ;
    Lukkananukool, Achara
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a fibrolytic enzyme cocktail applied during ensiling, either alone or in combination with lactic acid bacteria (LAB), on the fermentation characteristics, nutritive value, and microbial community of rice straw silage. Fresh rice straw was assigned to one of three treatments: none (control), a fibrolytic enzyme cocktail (CE, mainly xylanases and cellulase), or commercial cellulase enzyme (CM). Each treatment was applied either alone or in combination with Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum (LPL). The use of enzymes did not affect (p > 0.05) lactic or acetic acid concentrations after 60 days of ensiling compared with the control silage. However, silage treated with enzyme and LPL exhibited lower acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations than the control. However, no differences (p > 0.05) in NDF or ADF degradability was observed between enzyme-treated and control silages. Silage treated with CE exhibited higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria and lower abundances of Firmicutes than the control. Silages inoculated with LPL showed greater Lactobacillus abundance (p < 0.001), while those treated with enzymes in combination with LPL had lower Lactococcus abundance than the control. The addition of the fibrolytic enzyme cocktail improved fermentation quality, as indicated by increased water-soluble carbohydrate content and reduced NH<inf>3</inf>-N concentration and ADF content; however, it did not enhance fiber digestibility. In contrast, LPL alone improved fermentative quality, nutritive value, and nutrient digestibility of rice straw silage. The combination of the fibrolytic enzyme cocktail and LPL did not accelerate the fermentation process or improve nutrient digestibility of rice straw silage.
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    Microbial Fermented Liquid Supplementation Improves Nutrient Digestibility, Feed Intake, and Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Total Mixed Ration
    (2023-03-01)
    Polyorach, Sineenart
    ;
    Nampukdee, Rutsamee
    ;
    Wanapat, Metha
    ;
    Kang, Sungchhang
    ;
    Cherdthong, Anusorn
    The purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of MFL supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition in early lactating dairy cows. Twelve, Thai crossbred Holstein Friesian cows in early lactation, 500 ± 30 kg of body weight (BW), were randomly assigned according to a completely randomized design (CRD). MFL supplementation levels of 0, 100, 200, and 300 mL/d were used as treatments. Experimental animals were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) with a roughage to concentrate ratio (R:C ratio) of 40:60, which contains 12% crude protein (CP) and 70% total digestible nutrient (TDN). Rice straw was a roughage source. MFL supplementation levels had no effect (p > 0.05) on body weight change and dry matter intake (DMI) expressed as %BW, whereas DMI expressed as metabolic body weight (BW<sup>0.75</sup>) was linearly (p < 0.05) increased, with the highest at 200 mL/d in the YFL supplementation group (147.5 g/kg BW<sup>0.75</sup>), whereas feed intake of organic matter (OM), CP, ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) did not significant (p > 0.05) difference among treatments. Related to apparent digestibility, MFL levels did not affect (p > 0.05) on DM, OM, and EE digestibility, while apparent digestibility of CP, NDF, and ADF were linearly increased (p < 0.05) when increasing MFL supplementation levels, and the highest (p < 0.05) were the 200 and 300 mL/d FML supplemented groups. BUN at 0 h post feeding did not show a significant difference (p > 0.05) between treatments, while at 4 h after feeding, BUN was linearly (p < 0.05) increased from 0, 100, 200, and 300 (mL/day) MFL supplementation, the values were 12.9, 13.1, 19.7, and 18.4 mg/dL, respectively and the highest was 200 mL/head/day for the MFL supplemented group. MFL supplementation did not affect (p > 0.05) milk fat, lactose, solid not fat (SNF), and specific gravity of milk, while MFL supplementation at 200 mL/day caused a linear increase (p < 0.01) in BUN, MUN, milk yield, milk protein, total solids (TS) and 3.5% FCM when supplement levels were increased. In conclusion, MFL supplementation in early lactating dairy cows could improve feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition.