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Subject: search.filters.subject.Atomic force microscopy

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    Efficacy of sugar excipients on lyophilized C22 phage infectivity evaluated by atomic force microscopy
    (2022-07-01)
    Manbua, Nathida
    ;
    Suteewong, Teeraporn
    ;
    Sae-Ueng, Udom
    Bacteriophages (phages) show immense potential as biological control agents of pathogenic bacteria in crops. However, their utilization is hindered by the challenges in storage and handling in remote farming areas. Lyophilization has been used to convert phages from solution to powdery form to overcome such issues. In this work, we lyophilized the C22 phage, a promising biocontrol agent of Ralstonia solanacearum causing wilt disease. Sugar excipients were added during the lyophilization step to preserve phage infectivity. We found that 0.5 M sucrose, 0.25 M, and 0.5 M trehalose could retain infectivity of lyophilized C22 phage for ≥ 45% after 90–day storage. Using atomic force microscopy-based imaging, we revealed that both sugars induced aggregation of C22 phage particles. We suggest that aggregation may be a mechanism that prevents phage from degradation since it reduces overall surface that can unfavorably interact with external damaging factors. An insight into phage aggregation can be essential for phage storage and utilization in biocontrol applications.
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    The effect of substrates temperature on pentacene thin films prepared by organic thermal evaporator
    (2007-12-01)
    Chanhom, Annop
    ;
    Nukeaw, Jiti
    The influence of substrate temperature on the physical and optical characteristics of pentacene thin films have been investigated by the experiment and using atomic force microscopy and UV- Visible spectrophotometer. The pentacene thin films were prepared on glass substrates by organic source evaporating system and the substrate temperature was varied between room temperature and 120 °C. The results of AFM images and light absorbance indicate that the variation of substrate temperature has a distinguishable impact on both physical and optical properties of pentacene thin films. The AFM images show the increasing morphological grain size when the substrate temperature is risen. In addition, the thin films absorbance graph shown the dominant peaks at 1.82 eV, 1.97 eV, 2.14 eV 2.30 and 2.50 eV are all clearly diminished with increasing substrate temperature. The effect of substrate temperature on pentacene thin film properties are described in detail. © 2007 IEEE.