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Efficacy of Four Entomopathogenic Fungi as Biopesticide Candidates against Bemisia tabaci on Soybean
(2026-01-01)
Prayogo, Yusmani
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Ginting, Sempurna
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Bayu, Marida Santi Yudha Ika
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Baliadi, Yuliantoro
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Harnowo, Didik
Bemisia tabaci is a major pest of soybeans and a vector of plant viruses. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of four entomopathogenic fungi for suppressing B. tabaci populations on soybeans. The four treatments were L. lecanii, A. aleyrodis, M. anisopliae, and B. bassiana, a comparison with the insecticide thiamethoxam and a control group without treatment. The four types tested were able to suppress B. tabaci populations by up to 75%, with A. aleyrodis being especially effective. There was no significant difference in efficacy between the four types and the insecticide thiamethoxam. Validating the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi, there were no significant differences in plant height, dry stover weight, or number of pods between treatments with the insecticide thiamethoxam. However, significant differences occurred in the number of empty pods and seed weight, reducing yield losses by up to 78%. There was a positive correlation between the B. tabaci population and the number of empty pods (r = 0.80), while there was a negative correlation between the B. tabaci population and plant height and soybean yield (r =-0.56 and r =-0.54, respectively).
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Antagonistic effects of Chaetomium globosum and Trichoderma viride against Chili Anthracnose
(2026-01-01)
Rohaendi, P.
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Sudjatmiko, S.
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Pamekas, T.
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Soytong, K.
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Song, J. J.
The research demonstrated that Trichoderma viride and Chaetomium globosum inhibited Colletotrichum acutatum by 90.30% and 88.20%, respectively, primarily via competition for nutrients/space and parasitism, with no observed antibiosis. the field trials revealed that both fungi significantly reduced anthracnose severity. Trichoderma viride applications at 1, 2, and 3 g/L decreased disease incidence by 80.68%, 91.16%, and 92.27%, respectively, while Chaetomium globosum reduced it by 87.61–92.65%. Both exceeded synthetic fungicide Antracol (83.48–89.37% reduction) as a controlled treatment. Attack intensity followed a similar trend, with Trichoderma viride (95.12–97.46% suppression) and Chaetomium globosum (92.76–96.83%) surpassing Antracol (89.95–93.80%). Additionally, Trichoderma viride and Chaetomium globosum enhanced salicylic acid levels in chili plants, suggesting induced systemic resistance. These findings highlighted the potential of antagonistic fungi as sustainable biocontrol agents which would develop to be biofungicide, offering effective anthracnose management while reducing chemical residues.
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In vitro biocontrol potential of natural substance combination against plant pathogens
(2025-03-01)
Somsri, A.
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Saelao, P.
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Thongsen, N.
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Kenkhunthot, T.
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Pilasombut, K.
The antimicrobial potential of chitosan (CHT), banana peel vinegar (BPV) and plant-derived extracts from basil leaves (BE), fingerroot (FRE), and mangosteen peel (MSE) was evaluated against Diaporthe phaseolorum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Curvularia sp., and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). Among these, MSE and FRE exhibited the highest efficacy, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.006 mg/ml and 0.048 mg/ml, respectively. Both extracts also inhibited Xcc, showing partial synergistic effects with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.625. These results highlight the antimicrobial potential of natural compounds, offering valuable insights for developing sustainable strategies in plant disease management and biofungicide formulation.
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Biological Control of Pichia bruneiensis AL3 against Green Mould Disease on Oranges
(2024-01-01)
Phankaeo, N.
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Nuchthien, K.
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Pitthayajirakul, N.
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Rungjindamai, N.
Agriculture plays an essential role in Thailand economy. However, to control plant pathogens and maximize crop yield, pesticides are overused and misused. This results in toxic pollutants that are harmful to humans and the environment. Biological control offers an alternative to the use of synthetic chemicals. Mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata) is widely grown and consumed in Thailand, but it is threatened by green mould disease caused by Penicillium digitatum, which usually occurs at post-harvest storage. A total of 40 isolates of epiphytic yeasts were isolated from symptomless orange peels. They were screened for antagonistic activity against P. digitatum originally isolated from a diseased orange using a dual culture method. Five isolates exhibited at least 70% inhibition; therefore, they were further screened for their activity on orange using fruit inoculation. An isolate, AL3, reduced the disease incidence (79%) and lesion size (34.75±2.57 mm) caused by P. digitatum compared to the control treatments (disease incidence, 100% and lesion size, 50.00±1.03 mm, respectively). The yeast was analyzed using molecular data based on Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS region) and it was identified as Pichia bruneiensis AL3. Its mode of action on anti-sporulation was studied. When tested on agar plates, living cells and culture broth of P. bruneiensis AL3 were able to inhibit spore germination of P. digitatum resulting in 33.2 and 38.2% germination, respectively, compared to the control treatment (76.8% germination). These results showed that P. bruneiensis AL3 has the potential to develop as a biological control agent (BCA).
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Fructose promotes pyoluteorin biosynthesis via the CbrAB-CrcZ-Hfq/Crc pathway in the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas PA1201
(2023-12-01)
Cui, Ying
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Song, Kai
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Jin, Zi Jing
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Lee, Learn Han
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Thawai, Chitti
Biocontrol strain Pseudomonas PA1201 produces pyoluteorin (Plt), which is an antimicrobial secondary metabolite. Plt represents a promising candidate pesticide due to its broad-spectrum antifungal and antibacterial activity. Although PA1201 contains a complete genetic cluster for Plt biosynthesis, it fails to produce detectable level of Plt when grown in media typically used for Pseudomonas strains. In this study, minimum medium (MM) was found to favor Plt biosynthesis. Using the medium M, which contains all the salts of MM medium except for mannitol, as a basal medium, we compared 10 carbon sources for their ability to promote Plt biosynthesis. Fructose, mannitol, and glycerol promoted Plt biosynthesis, with fructose being the most effective carbon source. Glucose or succinic acid had no significant effect on Plt biosynthesis, but effectively antagonized fructose-dependent synthesis of Plt. Promoter-lacZ fusion reporter strains demonstrated that fructose acted through activation of the pltLABCDEFG (pltL) operon but had no effect on other genes of plt gene cluster; glucose or succinic acid antagonized fructose-dependent pltL induction. Mechanistically, fructose-mediated Plt synthesis involved carbon catabolism repression. The two-component system CbrA/CbrB and small RNA catabolite repression control Z (crcZ) were essential for fructose-induced Plt synthesis. The small RNA binding protein Hfq and Crc negatively regulated fructose-induced Plt. Taken together, this study provides a new model of fructose-dependent Plt production in PA1201 that can help improve Plt yield by biosynthetic approaches.
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Control of rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae by application of antifungal nanomaterials from Emericella nidulans
(2022-01-01)
Song, Jiao Jiao
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Soytong, Kasem
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Kanokmedhakul, Somdej
Metabolites of Emericella nidulans (EN) were separated by chromatographic methods from crude hexane included emericellin and sterigmatocystin, while crude ethyl acetate found demethylsterigmatocystin. These metabolites proved to be antagonistic to Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast. Crude extracts and nano-particles derived from EN inhibited M. oryzae. The ethyl acetate crude extract derived inhibited M. oryzae with an effective dose (ED<inf>50</inf>) of 66 μg/mL. The nanoparticles showed better inhibition of M. oryzae than crude extracts at low concentrations. Nanoparticles, namely from crude ethyl acetate, crude methanol and crude hexane of EN were active against M. oryzae with ED<inf>50</inf> of 4.2 μg/mL, 4.5 μg/mL, 8.9 μg/mL, respectively. It detected sakuranetin (rate of flow value is 0.09) in nano-EN treated rice leaves. These nanoparticles inhibited M. oryzae and acted as a new elicitor to induce immunity.
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Research investigation on microbial technology for plant disease control: a short communication
(2022-01-01)
Song, J. J.
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Soytong, K.
Chaetomium spp. are isolated, identified and screened to control plant pathogen isolated in China. Disease interacting pathogens were found in peach diseases which were Pythium, Rhizoctonia solani (twig die back), Fusarium spp (wilt) Phomopsis, Colletotrichum dematium, Colletotrichum gleosporiodes, Phoma, Fusarium, Fusarium, Phomopsis, and Alternaria. The main primary organism caused infection to peach supposing to be Phomopsis and Fusarium destroying roots and vascular bundle, and the pathogens infected above peach tree in stem, twigs and leaves found Colletotrichum dematium, Colletotrichum gleosporiodes, and Alternaria. Bi-culture test between Chaetomium antagonistic fungus and phytopathogens was evaluated to know the control mechanism which tended to give good results. Futher testing bioproduct of Chaetomium had been also tested in tea, peach, grape and old trees with different phytopathogenic isolates and reveiced a good result to control and recovery plants from disease incidence.
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In vitro fungicidal effect of chitosan with different molecular weights on fungicide-resistant Phytophthora fruit rot on durian from the export market
(2018-08-30)
Kongtragoul, P.
Fruit rots of durian were collected from the export market in Chumphon province, Thailand. The causal organism, Phytophthora spp. was isolated on PAR(PH)-V8 selective medium by tissue transplanting technique. Resistance to dimethomorph, fosetyl-Al, metalaxyl and mancozeb was detected from the mycelial growth on V8 agar amended with fungicide. Multiple fungicide resistant (Mu-FHR) and sensitive (Mu-FS) isolates are used to study the fungicidal effect of chitosan with different molecular weights. The low, medium and high molecular weight chitosan at 0 (control), 500, 1,000 and 2,000 ppm were evaluated for the development of Mu-FHR and Mu-FS isolates on mycelial growth by poisoned food technique and on sporangium production and zoospores release by culture disc technique. The results indicated that the fungicidal effect of three types of chitosan strengthened as the concentration of chitosan increased for mycelial and sporangium inhibition. However, all chitosan treatments were not significant in zoospores release.
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A novel strategy to reduce overwintering inoculum of Monilinia laxa
(2014-10-02)
Rungjindamai, Nattawut
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Jeffries, Peter
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Xu, Xiang Ming
Brown rot on cherry and plum, caused by Monilinia laxa, is an important disease, for which overwintered mummified fruit is a significant inoculum source for infection of flowers and fruit in the spring. Experiments were conducted to assess the potential of applying plant protection products in winter and/or early spring to suppress sporulation on mummified fruit. Products tested included Indar 5 EW (a commercial fungicide, a.i. fenbuconazole), Aureobasidium pullulans Y126 [a candidate biocontrol agent (BCA)]), Bacillus sp. B91 (a candidate BCA) and Serenade (a commercially formulated BCA of Bacillus subtilis strain QST 713) in addition to control treated with tap water. Indar and A. pullulans Y126 significantly reduced sporulation when applied once in winter. Overall, a single treatment in early spring (February) was slightly more effective than single treatment in winter (November). Application of all products in both winter and early spring led to significant reduction in sporulation. Indar had the highest efficacy, reducing the number of spores from 9 × 105 to 5 × 103 per mummified plum when applied twice. Of the three BCAs applied on both occasions, A. pullulans Y126 had the highest efficacy, reducing the number of spores from 9 × 105 to 5 × 104 per mummified plum. There were no synergistic but additive effects between the two applications in winter and early spring based on the Bliss independence test. These results suggest that reducing overwintering inoculum in dormant season is effective and may be part of an integrated management strategy for brown rot on stone fruit.

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