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Characterization of Phytopythium and Pythium species from freshwater area based on Morphological traits and ITS sequence
(2023-07-01)
Maiprom, N.
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Saelee, R.
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Koohakan, P.
Twenty isolates were identified as Globisporangium nunn, Pythium acanthicum, Phytopythium chameahyphon, Phytopythium cucurbitacearum, Phytopythium helicoides, Phytopythium iriomotense, Pythium torulosum, Phytopythium vexans and unknown specific epithet Phytopythium species. The reconstruction of phylogenetic trees using Neighbourjoining, maximum-likelihood, and maximum-parsimony algorithms revealed that the majority of isolates belonged to clade K. Furthermore, this is the first report of Phytopythium iriomotense in Thailand. The current information possible that the discovered oomycetes will be useful in future research and applications.
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Pre-service teachers' concerns about diversity
(2021-10-12)
Sunthonkanokpong, Wisuit
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Murphy, Elizabeth
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Biodiversity and bioactivity of stromatic xylariales collected from Mu Ko Chang National Park, Thailand
(2020-01-01)
Sutjaritvorakul, T.
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Chutipaijit, S.
Ko Chang Island is a tropical rain forest island of Mu Ko Chang national park, Thailand, which has a wide variety of macro-fungi. The objective of this research was to study the biodiversity of Xylariales and to investigate the bioactive activity of ethyl acetate crude extracts. The fungi were collected from the forest area of the waterfalls all over the island. The crude extracts of selected fungi were tested for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method and the cancer cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Three genera of Xylariaceae and Hypoxylaceae were found including Xylaria, Daldinia and Hypoxylon. The crude extracts inhibited the growth of Gram positive bacteria more than that of Gram negative bacteria and showed broad spectrum inhibition to all cancer cell lines. The crude extract of Xylaria sp.3 showed the highest potential of antibacterial activity and selectively inhibited gastric carcinoma (Kato III) and T cell leukemia (Jurket) with the percentage survival of 26.12 ± 0.90% and 35.37 ± 0.40% respectively. The molecular identification of Xylaria sp.3 was identified as Xylaria sp.TP5BS101. These results show that these macromycetes are an excellent repertoire of antibacterial activity and exhibit anticancer activity against Kato III and Jurket by inducing DNA fragmentation.
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Diversity of tea (Camellia sinensis) grown in Vietnam based on morphological characteristics and inter-primer binding sites (iPBS) marker
(2016-01-01)
Phong, Nguyen Huu
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Pongnak, Wattanachai
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Soytong, Kasem
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Poeaim, Supattra
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Poeaim, Anurug
Six iBPS primers and twenty-one morphological traits were used to assess the genetic diversity and relationships of 15 tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] accessions grown in Vietnam. The similarity index matrix generated from Dice coefficient (iPBS analysis) and the dissimilarity index matrix generated from Euclidian distance coefficient (morphological analysis) were used to build the respective un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) derived-dendrograms revealing the genetic relationships among the tested tea accessions. The iPBS analysis showed a slightly different result as compared to the result of morphological analysis which indicated that the group of Shan and Assam type were separate from the group of China type and the hybrids related to China type. Meanwhile, the iPBS analysis clustered 15 tea genotypes into two main groups; the tea genotypes of small leaved China, Assam-small leaved China hybrid and Shan-large leaved China hybrid type, with small leaf size, came together into one group; the other one was mainly nested by the tea genotypes of Shan, Assam and Shan-small leaved China type, with large leaf size. However, the iPBS analysis also shared the same basic agreements with the morphological analysis. All the tea genotypes, which originated from the same parents or the same type of crossing parental couple, revealed close relatedness. The results of morphological analysis are conformable with the conventional classification of tea taxa and give basic relative information among 15 tea genotypes to demonstrate particularly the result of molecular analysis. It could be concluded that iPBS is a useful DNA based-marker for evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships of tea.
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Evaluating diversity and redundancy-based search metrics independently
(2014-11-26)
Tangsomboon, Ake
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Leelanupab, Teerapong
This paper proposes a new evaluation metric, normalized Coverage Frequency (nCF), which aims to explicitly evaluate the diversity of search results, going beyond the drawbacks of previously proposed measures. In fact, two of the most widely adopted metrics for the diversity retrieval task, namely-nDCG and Intent-Aware Expected Reciprocal Rank (ERR-IA), explicitly evaluate redundancy, but not diversity. While there exists a genuine diversity-based metric called Intent Recall (I-rec), it has some drawbacks. These drawbacks may be inherited by other derived metrics such as D#-nDCG, which combines I-rec with a modified version of nDCG. The proposed nCF metric assesses how often query-intents are successfully covered throughout a ranked list up to a given rank position. A comprehensive study is conducted using both real and synthetic data to compare nCF with-nDCG, ERR-IA, I-recall and D#-nDCG. Results show that the proposed metric correlates well with the existing ones while it is capable of capturing other factors, e.g., a series of coverage. In addition, we categorize the existing metrics into two distinct groups, i.e., diversity and novelty, based upon their intuitive measurements and suggest that they be used independently according to what they quantify for the ease of performance interpretation.
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Distribution, diversity and density of wolbachial infections in cladocerans and copepods from Thailand
(2013-11-01)
Wiwatanaratanabutr, Itsanun
Species of the genus Wolbachia comprise a group of Rickettsia-like, maternally-inherited bacteria that cause several reproductive alterations in arthropod hosts. The best known are cytoplasmic incompatibility and feminization. Here, the first systematic surveys of wolbachial infections in cladocerans and copepods from six geographic regions of Thailand, including Northern, Northeastern, Western, Central, Eastern and Southern are reported. Using gene amplification assays with wsp and groE primers, wolbachiae were detected in 239 (4 spp.) of 1885 (57 spp.) copepods and cladocerans from all regions of Thailand surveyed. Screening results obtained with wsp primers or groE primers were similar in all cases. The presence of wolbachiae was only detected in copepods, not in cladocerans. Sex ratio analyses of the progeny of two species of copepods, Mesocyclops aspericornis and Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides, naturally or artificially infected with wolbachiae showed infection causes feminization (female-bias). The relative density if infection in naturally infected populations of three copepod species, M. thermocyclopoides, Heliodiaptomus elegans and Neodiaptomus blachei, were determined using real-time quantitative PCR assay based on the wsp gene. The density of wolbachiae in M. thermocyclopoides was significantly higher than in the other two species. These results suggest that wolbachial infections are distributed throughout Thailand, and that possibly the natural occurrence of these in copepods may be due to their predation on mosquito larvae. This apparent novel biology may have importance as a genetic drive system for control of vector borne diseases in the future. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
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Investigation of two-probe excited circular ring antenna with square reflector
(2011-12-28)
Vongsack, Souphanna
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Phongcharoenpanich, Chuwong
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Kosulvit, Sompol
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Hamamoto, Kazuhiko
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Wakabayashi, Toshio
This paper introduces an investigation of two-probe excited circular ring antenna with square reflector. The purpose of this investigation is to design a diversity unidirectional antenna that is operated at the center frequency of 5.5 GHz to cover the frequency range from 5.2 to 5.8 GHz following IEEE 802.11a standard. The Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio is used as the simulation tool for investigating the antenna characteristics such as the return loss, the isolation between two-probes, the radiation pattern and the gain. The simulated results of the return loss, the isolation between two-probes and the radiation pattern are presented. The antenna has a unidirectional pattern with maximum gain of 8.34 dBi. Moreover, the antenna provides a unidirectional pattern with front-to-back ratio better than 20 dB and the isolation between the two-probes better than 20 dB. The proposed antenna is useful for wireless local area network (WLAN) communication systems. © 2011 IEEE.
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Mushroom diversity in sustainable shade tea forest and the effect of fire damage
(2010-01-11)
Sysouphanthong, Phongeun
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Thongkantha, Sutheera
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Zhao, Ruilin
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Soytong, Kasem
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Hyde, Kevin D.
A survey of the biodiversity of wild macrofungi, including edible species yields, was carried out from 1 May to 30 September 2007 at four different forest types (in mainly Miang tea forest). The plots 100 m<sup>2</sup>, comprised a tea garden with a few planted canopy tree species (37.2% canopy cover), a cultivated sustainable tea forest (80.2% canopy cover), an abandoned sustainable tea forest (89.8% canopy cover), and an abandoned sustainable tea forest that had suffered fire damage (72.9% canopy cover). All visible mushrooms were collected during weekly forays. Macro-characters of the fungi were annotated and photographed by digital camera and the fungi were identified to genera and morphospecies (e.g. Agaricus sp.1, Agaricus sp.2). The fresh weight of wild edible mushrooms produced in the plots was also recorded during this period. The biodiversity of macrofungi in abandoned sustainable tea forest was highest with 115 species in 47 genera, followed by cultivated sustainable tea forest with 85 species in 42 genera and fire damaged abandoned sustainable tea forest with 48 species in 25 genera, while only 19 species belonging to 15 genera were found in the tea garden. Twenty-one species belonging to nine genera with a total of 60.9 kg of edible fungi were collected throughout this study. The fresh weight of edible mushrooms was recorded with the highest fresh weight (25.3 kg) collected from the abandoned sustainable tea forest, followed by 18.2 kg in the cultivated sustainable tea forest, while in the fire damaged sustainable tea forest 16.4 kg were collected and only 1 kg was collected in the tea garden. Abandoned sustainable tea forest contained a greater shade tree biodiversity and higher canopy cover than other plots. This area has a generally higher humidity, a greater ground litter cover, a greater number of microhabitats, a greater number of trees that can form mycorrhizal associations and this probably accounts for the higher diversity of macrofungi and production of edible mushrooms. The fire damaged sustainable tea forest had lower mushroom diversity and edible mushroom production possibly due to the loss of litter and lower tree diversity. The tea garden supported a poor diversity of mushrooms and almost no edible mushrooms. Shade tea forest (Miang tea forest) is a good method to produce tea in a sustainable way as it maintains diversity of mushrooms and other organisms and could be developed as an alternative to shade coffee. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010.
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Relationship between dicotyledone-amaranth, quinoa, fagopyrum, soybean and monocots- sorghum and rice based on protein analyses and their use as substitution of each other
(2005-07-01)
Gorinstein, Shela
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Drzewiecki, Jerzy
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Delgado-Licon, Efren
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Pawelzik, Elke
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Ayala, Alma Leticia Martinez
Comparative protein studies of cereals and pseudocereals are important, especially in cases of cereal protein allergy when pseudocereal substitution is unavoidable. Therefore, ten species and cultivars belonging to different Angiosperms families (Oryza sativa normal Poaceae, bran Poaceae and Jasmin Hom Dokmali Poaceae, Sorghum technicum Battand et Traubt Poaceae, Glycine max L. Merr. Fabaceae, Fagopyrum esculentum Mnch. Polygonaceae, Chenopodium quinoa Wild Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthus hybridum v.1004 Amaranthaceae, cruentus v. R104 Amaranthaceae and hypochondriacus v.1023 Amaranthaceae) were examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE) seed protein markers, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectra and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements. A high degree of polymorphism of all species and cultivars was found. Amaranth species have very similar seed protein electrophoretic profiles. According to UPGMA algorithm the examined species and varieties could be clustered into two similarity groups. Soybean, quinoa, buckwheat and Amaranth (as a genus) can be considered as phylogenic distant taxa. The fluorescence properties of amaranth, soybean, quinoa, rice and buckwheat soluble protein fractions were measured by fluorescence of tryptophan at 295 nm, light intensity, peak response and shift in the maximum of emission. Relative structural stabilities of native proteins were estimated by CD and FTIR. Similarities were found between these plants, which could make them a substitution of each other as well as for cereals. © Springer-Verlag 2005.

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