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    Noninvasive portable hemoglobin concentration monitoring system using optical sensor for anemia disease
    (2021-06-01)
    Pintavirooj, Chuchart
    ;
    Ni, Baorong
    ;
    Chatkobkool, Chaiwat
    ;
    Pinijkij, Kittitorn
    Anemia is a condition in which red blood cells are not able to carry adequate oxygen to the body’s tissues, and is widely found in nearly a quarter of the world population. The typical method to screen for the iron-deficiency anemia, which is the major anemia found in the world, is to implement a blood test called a complete blood count (CBC). However, even though this test gives a highly accurate result, it requires an invasive blood drawing and lab analyzing which could potentially cause physical pain, high risk of infection and take a long time to analyze. Therefore, this research presents an alternative method using an optical technique to measure hemoglobin concentration, which is the common indicator for diagnosing anemia. The light absorbance of the oxyhemoglobin at the wavelength of 660 nm and the deoxyhemoglobin at the wavelength of 880 nm were measured using the MAX30100 sensor. These wavelengths of light are obtained from red and infrared (IR) LEDs. The concept is based on the different absorption coefficients of blood at different electromagnetic wavelengths. This fact is used to indirectly calculate the hemoglobin concentration of blood through the modified Beer–Lambert law. Moreover, the result has been further converted to absolute hemoglobin concentration using a calibration curve derived from the cyanmethemoglobin test, which is the regular method for hemoglobin determination. Besides, the android application was also provided which can wirelessly record or monitor the data. The experiment shows that an accuracy of 90.9% can be achieved by our proposed noninvasive method. Therefore, the noninvasive portable hemoglobin concentration monitoring by the optical sensor has an acceptable result when compared with the invasive method, with less pain and lower risk of infection, as well as shorter processing time.
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    Linear equation method for Hematocrit monitoring by optical transmittance
    (2007-01-01)
    Phonphruksa, Phimon
    ;
    Chaichanyut, M.
    ;
    Potejanasaja, I.
    ;
    Naktawan, A.
    ;
    Tungjitkusolmun, S.
    The objective of the present study is to investigate an optical transmittance system for prediction of hematocrit level by linear equation from the wavelength in the range of 426 nm to 950 nm. We constructed a simplified system with a light detecting finger clip probe to determine the transmittance spectra. We compared the results from our simplified measurement system with the hematocrit levels measured with the centrifuge using blood sample drawn from patients. From the analysis, we discovered that wavelengths between 525 nm to 610 nm, and between 700 to 950 nm are potential optimal choices for use to predict the hematocrit value. Then, four LEDs (525 nm, 585 nm, 875, and 950 nm) were used as the source which shone light through a finger, while the photodiode was placed at the opposite side of the finger for light transmission detection. We calibrated our system with the 117 sample hematocrit levels measured clinically by the centrifuge to obtain the linear equation model. We compared the results of our linear equation model for predicting the hematocrit levels with measured hematocrit levels from the centrifuge. From our analysis, the error obtained from the linear equation was less than 25% in more than 90% of the 117 collected data from patients.