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    Biodiesel Washing by the Prototype of a Biodiesel Washing Machine with Biochar
    (2025-11-01)
    Fonghiransiri, Surasak
    ;
    Chungcharoen, Thatchapol
    ;
    Choola-Aied, Orasa
    ;
    Srisang, Siriwan
    ;
    Srisang, Naruebodee
    Currently, the prevalent technique for biodiesel washing entails the utilization of water in the purification process. Nevertheless, this method incurs substantial biodiesel loss and gives rise to wastewater, posing potential environmental consequences. Hence, this study aimed to utilize biochar for removing impurities from biodiesel by using a prototype of a biodiesel washing machine with biochar. The effects of the propeller blade number, propeller blade angle, and mixing time on the capability to eliminate impurities in biodiesel were elucidated. The results indicated that the biodiesel washing machine can increase biodiesel yield by up to 2.49% (91.54%) compared to the water washing process (89.05%). The increased propeller blade number, angle, and mixing time can improve the acidity (24.50-64.04%) and water content removal (42.61-79.56%). Consequently, this led to a decrease in density (865.85-886.83 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) and viscosity (3.997-4.321 cSt). The conditions with the best biodiesel properties were five propeller blades, a propeller blade angle of 60 degrees, and a mixing time of 30 minutes. These conditions provided the 63.88% acid removal, 79.49% water content removal, viscosity of 878.92 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and density of 4.208 cSt. Moreover, the methanol and glycerol contents were 0.02% wt. and 0.04% wt., respectively. These properties meet the ASTM 6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards.
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    Peroxydisulfate Co-Treatment with MnOx-Loaded Biochar for COD Removal from Automobile Service Station Wastewater
    (2023-01-01)
    Suwannarat, Glinsukol
    ;
    Pattanagulanan, Kunlasatree
    ;
    Rueangsukhon, Chonlada
    ;
    Nasingthong, Panatda
    ;
    Chaiyaraksa, Chompoonut
    This research was aimed at recycling agricultural waste and treating synthetic automobile service station wastewater. Wastewater was synthesized to two levels of COD concentration: 702 mg/L (WW-A) and 7,054 mg/L (WW-B). In the treatment process, 100 mM sodium peroxydisulfate with MnO<inf>x</inf>-loaded biochar (MnO<inf>x</inf>-Biochar) was applied. The MnO<inf>x</inf>-Biochar was produced by dipping corn cob biochar in 40 mM manganese sulfate followed by pyrolyzed at 600°C. The surface area, pore volume, pore size, and pH value at the zero-point charge of MnO<inf>x</inf>-Biochar were 130 m<sup>2</sup>/g, 0.044 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, 1.02 nm, and 7.05, respectively. From the FTIR spectrogram, a peak assignable to Mn-O was observed. The results showed that the initial pH of the wastewater did not affect the treatment efficiency. The optimum MnO<inf>x</inf>-Biochar dosage was 2 g/L. Equilibrium was reached within 120 min of reaction. During the first 15 min, the treatment rate constants (k) of the WW-A and WW-B treatment were 0.0647 min<sup>-1</sup> and 0.0349 min<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. After 15 min, the k values of the WW-A and WW-B treatments were reduced to 0.0242 min<sup>-1</sup> and 0.0094 min<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The overall treatment efficiencies of the low COD wastewater (WW-A) and high COD wastewater (WW-B) were 97% and 78%, respectively. The treatment mechanisms involved both adsorption and oxidation. The adsorption efficiencies of the WW-A and WW-B treatments were 36% and 18%, respectively.