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Quantitative Assessment of EV Energy Consumption: Applying Coast Down Testing to WLTP and EPA Protocols
(2025-07-01)
Phophongviwat, Teeraphon
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Poopanya, Piyawong
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Sivalertporn, Kanchana
This study presents a comprehensive methodology for evaluating electric vehicle (EV) energy consumption by integrating coast down testing with standardized chassis dynamometer protocols under WLTP Class 3b and EPA driving cycles. Coast down tests were conducted to determine road load coefficients—critical for replicating real-world resistance profiles on a dynamometer. Energy usage data were measured using On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II) and dynamometer measurements to assess power flow from the battery to the wheels. The results reveal that OBD-II consistently recorded higher cumulative energy usage, particularly under urban driving conditions, highlighting limitations in dynamometer responsiveness to transient loads and regenerative events. Notably, the WLTP low-speed cycle exhibited a significantly lower efficiency of 62.42%, with nearly half of the battery energy consumed by non-propulsion systems. In contrast, the EPA cycle demonstrated consistently higher efficiencies of 84.52% (low-speed) and 93.00% (high-speed). Interestingly, high-speed efficiencies between WLTP and EPA were nearly identical, despite differences in total energy consumption. These findings underscore the importance of aligning test protocols with actual driving conditions and demonstrate the effectiveness of combining coast down data with real-time diagnostics for robust EV performance assessments.
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Integrated Urban Transport and Land-Use Policies in Reducing CO2 Emissions and Energy Consumption: Case Study of a Medium-Sized City in Thailand
(2024-08-01)
Chindaprasirt, Prinya
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Klungboonkrong, Pongrid
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Jaensirisak, Sittha
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Faiboun, Natthapoj
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Long, Sina
In developing cities, transport activities have become one of the primary sources of CO<inf>2</inf> emissions and energy consumption owing to rapid economic growth, urbanization, and motorization. Khon Kaen City, Thailand, was chosen as a representative mid-sized city of a developing country to investigate the potential influences of transit-oriented development (TOD), light rail transit (LRT), and electric vehicle (EV) policy integration scenarios on CO<inf>2</inf> emission and energy consumption reductions in 2016, 2026, and 2046. The TOD did not significantly reduce CO<inf>2</inf> emissions or energy consumption because it was only applied in one area of the city. The LRT development also had a small effect because of the small proportion of modal shifts to LRT. However, EV utilization offered the greatest potential for reducing both CO<inf>2</inf> emissions and energy consumption. In addition, the integrated scenario combining the three policies had a promising effect, diminishing both CO<inf>2</inf> emissions and energy consumption, because it gathered the potential merits and benefits of each individual policy.
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MODEL KINETIC AND TECHNO-ANALYSIS OF MORINGA LEAVES HOT AIR-DRYING PROCESS FOR SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT
(2024-01-01)
Van Tai, Ngo
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Thuy, Nguyen Minh
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Huong, Huynh Thi Thu
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Dang, Pham Cam
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Minh, Vo Quang
Background. The economic worth of moringa leaves may increase if drying is applied to the leaves to produce a powder. This is a source that can be applied to a variety of food products instead of using it as animal feed or discarding it. In addition, the key factors that affect a product’s quality and impact on the environment are its energy consumption and quality change. Material and methods. In this study, the impact of various drying temperatures (55-70°C) on kinetic behaviour, effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (D<inf>eff</inf>), activation energy (E<inf>a</inf>), specific energy consumption (SEC), rehydration index, hunter whiteness, and gas emissions was evaluated. Results. Seven models were applied and fitted on actual data for the drying process. Among these, Page showed the best fit, with high R2, low RMSE (Root-mean-square error), and low Chi-square. The results showed that D<inf>eff</inf> and E<inf>a</inf> values were 8.36 x 10-12 - 1.22 x 10-11 m2/s and 20.14 kJ/mol, respectively. The energy consumption of drying the moringa leaves ranged from 39.92 to 154.01 kWh/kg. The high in hunter whiteness and low in gas emissions were found when the sample was dried at 65-70°C. Conclusion. The grade of dried moringa leaves and the amount of energy used were both significantly influenced by temperature. Additionally, the first data concerning the amount of energy used to dry moringa leaves also offer greater details on the impact of drying on environmental carbon emissions. To ensure sustainable agricultural production in the future, research aiming at enhancing product quality and reducing environmental consequences should be carried out and put into practice.
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The Economic Shockwaves of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict and Energy Sources Prices – The Impact on International Energy Markets
(2024-01-01)
Kot, Sebastian
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Piontek, Barbara
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Khalid, Bilal
The Russia-Ukraine conflict has raised concerns regarding the stability of the global energy sector, considering that Russia is a big player in the industry, producing and exporting crude oil and natural gas globally. This study aimed to empirically investigate the impact of the conflict on the prices of energy sources in international markets. The analysis was conducted using secondary data. The data was for prices of various commodity products, including diesel, petroleum, natural gas, and crude oil. The data was collected on multiple international markets for periods from January 1, 2021 to November 30, 2023. The analysis was conducted using trend analysis and event study. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) was adopted to run the event study analysis. The results indicated that immediately after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, major energy products such as US crude oil, European crude oil, and the global energy index experienced a sharp rise in price, followed by significant price volatility over the following up to seven months. The review of OPEC energy prices also indicated an increase in prices, and volatility was experienced in countries producing and exporting oil products. The event study further revealed that there was a sharp increasing trend immediately after the event date and an upward trend for more than ten months after the event, resulting in the highest prices recorded in the event window. The study suggested three policy implications-conflict should serve as a wake-up call on diversification of energy sources, investment in alternative, sustainable and green sources of energy to reduce the dependence on oil, and promotion of international cooperation on energy security.
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Performance Measurement of Energy Optimal Path Finding for Waste Collection Robot Using ACO Algorithm
(2022-01-01)
Tomitagawa, Koki
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Anuntachai, Anuntapat
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Chotipant, Supannada
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Wongwirat, Olarn
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Kuchii, Shigeru
Indoor waste collection that utilizes mobile robots can solve the labor cost and manpower shortage but has the problem of limited energy resources, making it difficult to operate for long periods of time. Therefore, it is important to reduce the energy consumption for efficient waste collection. The waste collection robot can be modeled as a Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), where heuristics algorithms can be deployed to search for the most energy-efficient path. This paper proposes the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for finding the optimal path of the waste collection robot. Energy consumption of the robot depends not only on the travel path but also on the weight of the waste it carries. Therefore, the proposed ACO algorithm utilizes the path distance and waste weight as the visibility. The travel distance and energy consumption are also used to determine the updated pheromone. Whereas the conventional and adapted ACO algorithms use only either the path distance or the waste weight as the visibility, respectively. The simulation experiments are conducted to compare the travel distance and the energy consumption that the waste collection robot takes by using the conventional, adapted, and proposed ACO algorithms. In the simulation experiments, the number of nodes, the waste weight, and the carrying capacity are used as parameters to verify the performance under the determined environment. The simulation results express that the proposed ACO algorithm provides a better energy optimal path in terms of travel distance and energy consumption than the conventional and adapted ACO algorithms.
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IMPACT OF DRYING TEMPERATURES ON DRYING BEHAVIOURS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND QUALITY OF PURPLE SWEET POTATO FLOUR
(2022-01-01)
Thuy, Nguyen Minh
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Hiep, Le Huy
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Tai, Ngo Van
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Huong, Huynh Thi Thu
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Minh, Vo Quang
to purple sweet potatoes could enhance the economic value of this material. Furthermore, energy consumption, as well as the change in the quality of the product, are the important characteristics that determine the product’s quality and effect on the environment. Material and methods. This research examined the impact of various drying temperatures on kinetic behaviour, effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (D<inf>eff</inf>), activation energy (E<inf>a</inf>), specific energy consumption (SEC), color, shrinkage and physicochemical characteristics of purple sweet potatoes. The final quality of the sample was also evaluated. Results. Seven models were applied and fitted to actual data of the drying process. The two-term model showed the best fit with high R2, and low RMSE and Chi-square. The calculated D<inf>eff</inf> and Ea values were 1.58– 2.67 m2/s and 17.95 kJ/mol, respectively. The energy consumption of drying purple sweet potatoes ranged from 107.92 to 119.01 kWh/kg. The quality of the product was maintained when a sample was dried at 60°C. Conclusion. Temperature strongly affected the quality of dried purple sweet potatoes and energy consumption. The first report about the value of energy used during the drying process of sweet potatoes also provides more information about the effect of the drying process on carbon emissions to the environment. Therefore, research aimed at improving product quality and minimizing environmental impacts should be implemented in the future and concerned with ensuring sustainable agricultural production.
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Increasing energy efficiency of the Cissus quadrangularis drying by hot air fluidization technique
(2017-01-01)
Promnuch, Jutamas
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Junka, Nittaya
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Wongs-Aree, Chalermchai
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Soponronnarit, Somchart
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Srisang, Naruebodee
The aim of this paper is to increase energy efficiency by reducing specific energy consumption (SEC) during Cissus quadrangularis drying. The fresh sample, with a high moisture content of 90 ± 2 % wet basis (w.b.), was dried by hot air Fluidized bed technique at temperatures of 90, 110, 130 and 150°C to a final moisture content of 5 % (w.b.) and then was compared to the results of tray drying at a low temperature of 50°C, following a method by Tha Sae Hospital in Chumphon province, Thailand. The drying kinetic result revealed that fluidization drying had a higher rate of water removal than the tray drying method. That rate directly correlated with the drying temperature; it increased with an increase of drying temperature. With the increasing of the rate, it resulted in a decreasing of SEC. Although using a drying temperature of 150°C had the highest rate of water removal and subsequently had the lowest SEC, it negatively affected the antioxidant activity of the sample. To dry Cissus quadrangularis with the lowest SEC as possible, it should be dried by hot air fluidization at a drying temperature of 110°C. At this drying condition, there is still a high rate of water removal and a low effect of the desired qualities of the sample.

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