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Predicting Flexural Strength of FRP-Strengthened Waste Aggregate Concrete Beams with Machine Learning: A Step Towards Sustainability
(2026-04-01)
Sangthongtong, Arissaman
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Chatveera, Burachat
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Sua-iam, Gritsada
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Nawaz, Adnan
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Mehmood, Tahir
Using waste materials in the manufacture of concrete has many environmental advantages. However, it can be difficult to estimate structural performance, especially when beams are reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP). In order to provide a data-driven approach to sustainable structural design, this work explores the use of machine learning (ML) approaches to forecast the flexural strength of FRP-strengthened waste aggregate concrete beams. A total number of 92 experimental datasets were used to develop and assess four ML algorithms: Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Neural Network (NN), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). Regression plots, Taylor diagrams, statistical measures (R2R^2R2, RMSE, MAE, MSE), and explainable AI (XAI) tools, including SHAP, LIME, and partial dependence plots (PDPs), were used to evaluate the model’s performance. RF outperformed NN in terms of predictive accuracy, while XGBoost exhibited similar performance to RF. The most significant predictors, according to a SHAP analysis, were beam length and fiber length, with the lower followed by steel tensile strength, fiber width, and concrete compressive strength. LIME offered local interpretability for individual predictions, but PDPs demonstrated optimal parameter ranges and a nonlinear feature strength relationship. The findings provide engineers with a strong decision-support tool for designing green infrastructure, since they show that ensemble-based models can accurately represent the intricate, nonlinear dynamics controlling flexural behavior in sustainable FRP-strengthened waste aggregate concrete beams.
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Adapting the Baldrige Framework for Sustainable Creative Education: Urban Design, Architecture, Art, and Design Programs
(2025-10-01)
Kasemsarn, Kittichai
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Wannaphapa, Ukrit
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Sawadsri, Antika
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Kritsanaphan, Amorn
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Chutapruttikorn, Rittirong
Two critical research problems emerge in creative education quality management: the framework misalignment problem, where business-oriented performance metrics inadequately assess design creativity and innovation, and the sustainability integration gap, reflecting limited incorporation of environmental and social sustainability dimensions into excellence models. This review article addresses these problems by developing an initial framework that adapts the Baldrige framework for urban design, architecture, art, and design education with integrated sustainability principles. Drawing on literature review and theoretical synthesis, the article proposes a framework that introduces three key epistemological shifts: prioritizing process over product, supporting non-linear and reflective learning pathways, and recognizing tacit, embodied, and experiential knowledge as central to creative education. The framework incorporates the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as core design challenges and introduces innovative evaluation tools, including portfolios with iterative review processes, community feedback loops, and SDG mapping rubrics. This research contributes to the educational quality management literature by offering a systematic framework that bridges business excellence models with creative education paradigms while positioning sustainability as a core educational objective rather than a peripheral concern.
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Design and Implementation of a Hybrid Real-Time Salinity Intrusion Monitoring and Early Warning System for Bang Kachao, Thailand
(2025-07-01)
Seeboonruang, Uma
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Tanachaichoksirikun, Pinit
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Anuwongpinit, Thanavit
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Sirikaew, Uba
Salinity intrusion is a growing threat to freshwater resources, particularly in low-lying coastal and estuarine regions, necessitating the development of effective early warning systems (EWS) to support timely mitigation. Although various water quality monitoring technologies exist, many face challenges related to long-term sustainability, ongoing maintenance, and accessibility for local users. This study introduces a novel hybrid real-time salinity intrusion early warning system that uniquely integrates fixed and portable monitoring technologies with strong community participation—an approach not yet widely applied in comparable urban-adjacent delta regions. Unlike traditional systems, this model emphasizes local ownership, flexible data collection, and system scalability in resource-constrained environments. This study presents a real-time salinity intrusion early warning system for Bang Kachao, Thailand, combining eight fixed monitoring stations and 20 portable salinity measurement devices. The system was developed in response to community needs, with local input guiding both station placement and the design of mobile measurement tools. By integrating fixed stations for continuous, high-resolution data collection with portable devices for flexible, on-demand monitoring, the system achieves comprehensive spatial coverage and adaptability. A core innovation lies in its emphasis on community participation, enabling villagers to actively engage in monitoring and decision-making. The use of IoT-based sensors, Remote Telemetry Units (RTUs), and cloud-based data platforms further enhances system reliability, efficiency, and accessibility. Automated alerts are issued when salinity thresholds are exceeded, supporting timely interventions. Field deployment and testing over a seven-month period confirmed the system’s effectiveness, with fixed stations achieving 90.5% accuracy and portable devices 88.7% accuracy in detecting salinity intrusions. These results underscore the feasibility and value of a hybrid, community-driven monitoring approach for protecting freshwater resources and building local resilience in vulnerable regions.
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Urban Branding Through Cultural–Creative Tourism: A Review of Youth Engagement for Sustainable Development
(2025-06-01)
Kasemsarn, Kittichai
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Sawadsri, Antika
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Kritsanaphan, Amorn
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Nickpour, Farnaz
Several studies on cultural–creative tourism, urban branding (UB), youth engagement, and sustainability have been conducted in isolation, obstructing comprehensive approaches to UB development challenges. This review article aims to develop an integrated framework representing the complex interrelationships between these factors through a theory-based review and case study analysis. Methodologically, the investigation adopts bibliometric analysis using the VOSviewer software version 1.6.20 to identify thematic clusters across keyword pairings within research from 2000 to 2025, followed by content analysis for classification. The primary result is the Hierarchical–Relational Urban Sustainability (HRUS) framework, which employs a dual-pathway approach: (1) a sequential integration pathway, positioning cultural–creative tourism as the foundational mechanism supporting UB as the central concept, facilitating youth engagement as the key demographic group, and ultimately contributing to sustainability, and (2) a direct relationship pathway, examining specific connections between each factor and sustainability alone. This article contributes the first comprehensive framework that systematically integrates four main themes for sustainable urban development. The HRUS framework facilitates cross-sectoral collaboration by establishing actionable mechanisms for urban planners, universities, and tourism authorities to achieve sustainable urban brand development.
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Digital Storytelling in Cultural and Heritage Tourism: A Review of Social Media Integration and Youth Engagement Frameworks
(2025-06-01)
Kasemsarn, Kittichai
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Nickpour, Farnaz
Digital storytelling in cultural and heritage tourism offers significant potential for youth engagement through social media platforms. However, current digital storytelling frameworks illustrate research gaps in integrating digital storytelling guidelines with social-media-specific requirements. Therefore, this review aims to develop an integrated digital storytelling for social media framework that extends traditional digital storytelling guidelines with four additional elements of contemporary digital engagement. The investigation employs bibliometric analysis through VOSviewer software version 1.6.20 to examine four paired domains: digital storytelling and cultural tourism, digital storytelling and social media, youth and cultural tourism, and youth interaction with digital storytelling through social media. Results revealed thematic clusters informing the development of four new framework elements: (1) social media platform integration, (2) multimedia engagement, (3) community participation, and (4) cultural authenticity. This review contributes to the knowledge by advancing digital storytelling theory through social-media-specific elements, providing methodological innovation through comprehensive domain analysis, and offering practical implementation strategies for cultural tourism practitioners.
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Efficiency and Sustainability of Bangkok Port Barge Transport: A Comparative Analysis with Feeder Vessels Under Thailand's Logistics Strategy
(2025-06-01)
Nakchatree, Kanokporn
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Prabnasak, Jaruwit
This study assessed the effectiveness and sustainability of using barge versus feeder vessels to transport containerized cargo to Bangkok Port, Thailand. A survey of 387 stakeholders in marine logistics was conducted from October to December 2024. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) showed that cost-effectiveness, environmental impact, and operational flexibility primarily influenced transport mode choice, explaining 56.2% of the variance. Cost-effectiveness emerged as the key factor, while environmental impact was the strongest predictor of perceived sustainability. While operators favored feeders due to cost and time efficiency, barges scored higher due to environmental friendliness and operational flexibility. Notably, 68% of respondents preferred barges for short routes under 100 km due to their role in reducing road congestion and pollution. Furthermore, 73% expected greater barge use over the next five years, driven by technology and environmental policies. Improved waterway infrastructure would lead 82% to use barges more frequently, and 76% believed better intermodal integration would enhance logistics efficiency. This study is limited to the context of Thailand’s domestic maritime logistics and stakeholder perceptions, which may not be fully generalizable to other ASEAN or global port systems. Future research should explore multi-country comparative studies and assess longitudinal trends as green port policies evolve across Southeast Asia.
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Enhancing Sustainable Herd Structure Management in Thai Dairy Cooperatives Through Dynamic Programming Optimization
(2025-05-01)
Sarttra, Thana
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Kiatcharoenpol, Tossapol
Herd management plays a vital role in boosting the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of dairy cooperatives, particularly in developing countries where smallholder farmers are prevalent and have limited access to modern farming technologies. This research presents a dynamic programming (DP) model aimed at helping dairy cooperatives optimize decisions regarding herd structure, specifically focusing on strategies for culling and replacement to match milk supply with varying market demands. The model considers essential traits of dairy cows, including age, milk production, and reproductive condition, to ascertain the best transitions within the herd over several periods. Findings indicate that implementing the proposed DP model can effectively align milk output with fluctuating demand, decrease the gap between supply and demand, and enhance overall herd productivity. While this study uses Thai dairy cooperatives as a case study, the developed model and its insights are relevant to similar smallholder dairy systems in other developing countries, thereby aiding improved decision-making and promoting sustainable herd management practices worldwide.
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Triboelectrification Based on the Waste Waterproof Textiles for Multisource Energy Harvesting
(2025-05-01)
Kaja, Kushal Ruthvik
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Hajra, Sugato
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Panda, Swati
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Belal, Mohamed A.
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Pakawanit, Phakkhananan
The demand for sustainable energy resources to power sensor networks such as consumer electronics, agricultural technologies, digital forest management, and home automation is rapidly increasing. There are sustainability challenges to consider, where waste waterproof textiles are critical to encourage the development of a circular economy in the development of new energy technologies. This present work focuses on the utilization of direct waste waterproof textiles to design two types of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which include a liquid-solid based TENG (L-S TENG) and a flapper-type TENG. The bottom electrode configuration for the L-S TENG and single electric mode working mechanism is considered for the flapper-type TENG. Waste waterproof textiles can lead to a possible expansion of sustainable material for energy harvesters. The raincoat textile-based L-S TENG (L-STENG-R) is able to generate 0.5 V at a tilt angle of 50 degrees and power of 0.41 nW. TENGs based on discarded waterproof textiles are further utilized to demonstrate their phase change sensing, along with wind and water energy harvesting. This approach focus on decreasing waste and lower dependency on traditional resources to support environmentally responsible energy alternatives.
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Sustainable Production and Physicochemical Characteristics of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Prepared from Waste Eggshells
(2024-07-01)
Seesanong, Somkiat
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Seangarun, Chaowared
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
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Boonmee, Wimonmat
Gypsum products (calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O) were synthesized through an eco-friendly and low-cost process by two different renewable calcium carbonate sources (CaCO<inf>3</inf>), hen and duck eggshell wastes, with product yields obtained of 84.73 and 87.74%, respectively. The X-ray fluorescence results indicated that calcium oxide (CaO) and sulfur trioxide (SO<inf>3</inf>) are the major elemental components of CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O prepared from both calcium sources. The Fourier transform infrared results confirmed the vibrational characteristics of SO<inf>4</inf><sup>2−</sup> and H<inf>2</inf>O functional groups in the chemical structure of the prepared samples. The X-ray diffraction patterns of CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O prepared from both calcium sources confirmed the sample’s crystal structure as well as the chemical formula, after comparing them to the standard powder diffraction file. The crystallite sizes of CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O products were calculated from the experimental diffraction peak through the Scherrer equation and found to be 19–20 nm. The positive preferential growth (Pg) value highlighted the excellent stability of the synthesized CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O. The scanning electron microscopic results showed the agglomeration particles of hen- and duck-CaCO<inf>3</inf> raw agents, whereas plate-like particles were observed for hen- and duck-CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O products but the particle sizes were different.
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Feasibility of Reverse Vending Machine for PET Bottle Recycling in Case of ABC Hypermarket
(2024-01-03)
Jungthawan, Siripong
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Tiyarattanachai, Ronnachai
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Anantavrasilp, Isara
The prevalence of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in beverage packaging has increased microplastic (MP) accumulation in the environment. MP can become a component of air pollution, especifically of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). Unfortunately, Thailand has a low recycling rate for plastic bottles, with only 4.5% being recycled. Reverse Vending Machines (RVMs) were introduced in the early 2010s as a potential solution to this problem. RVMs incentivize recycling by providing rewards or refunds for each bottle deposited, thereby reducing the amount of PET waste and MP in the environment. This study analyzed usage and waste collection data from RVMs located at 15 locations of a hypermarket chain in Thailand from June 2020 to December 2022. The results showed that the average PET bottles collected from each machine was approximately 670 kg per year, which was lower than the break-even point of 3,200 kg per year. Economic feasibility indicators also suggested that the use of RVMs might not be economically sound. This study proposed suggestions to improve the business model of RVMs and offered policy recommendations to the government on how to enhance the effectiveness of RVMs.

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