Kramchote, Somsak

Preferred name

Kramchote, Somsak

Alternative Name

Kramchote, S.

Main Affiliation

School of Agricultural Technology

somsak.kr@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 25

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Field Performance and ecological safety of botanical nanoemulsions against sweet potato weevil in Tropical smallholder systems
(2026-06-01)
Pumnuan, Jarongsak
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Lakyat, Anuwat
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Name, Janejira
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Deemak, Jantra
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Phutphat, Sudjai
This study investigated the effectiveness of two nanoemulsion-based plant hexane extract formulations, S4L0 and S3L1, for managing sweet potato weevils (SPW) under field conditions. The formulations, derived from star anise and long pepper hexane extracts, were tested alongside a synthetic insecticide (imidacloprid) and an untreated control using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) on farmer plots in Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand. Key determination parameters included SPW infestation levels, crop yield, pesticide residue levels, diversity of non-target soil arthropods, and soil physicochemical properties. Field applications of S4L0 and S3L1 reduced SPW infestations to 3.6 ± 4.3 and 11.1 ± 5.0 insects per plant, respectively, significantly lower than in untreated plots (33.9 ± 11.8 insects/plant). No detectable imidacloprid residues were found in tubers treated with S4L0 or S3L1, whereas imidacloprid-treated tubers retained residues of 0.335 and 0.144 ppm at 5 and 7 days after application. Sweet potato yields ranged from 310 to 440 g/plant, with no significant differences among treatments. The untreated plots supported greater diversity and abundance of non-target soil arthropods, while the imidacloprid-treated plots showed the lowest diversity. Soil properties, including bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and organic matter content, remained stable across treatments. Overall, S4L0 and S3L1 demonstrated effective pest suppression and minimal environmental impact, highlighting their potential as sustainable alternatives to synthetic insecticides for integrated pest management in sweet potato production.
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Gene actions of resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) of six F1 hybrid chili cultivars at the mature green fruit stage
(2023-01-01)
Sangarun, P.
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Suwor, P.
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Saetiew, K.
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Tsai, W. S.
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Techawongstien, S.
Anthracnose is an economically important fungal disease affecting the yield and fruit quality of chili in the tropics. This study aimed to assess the anthracnose disease reaction in six hybrid chili pepper cultivars compared with their parental lines. Two male resistant lines were crossed with three commercial female parents by North Carolina mating design II. All chili genotypes were grown in the greenhouse in a randomized complete block design with three replications, 10 plants each. Five mature green fruit plant<sup>-1</sup> were harvested and inoculated with C. acutatum by using the microinjection method. ANT4 had smaller lesions than ANT10. Additionally, the F1-hybrids derived from ANT4 showed smaller disease lesions (7.47-9.82 mm) than on those derived from ANT10 (9.40-11.04 mm). However, the percentage heterosis of anthracnose disease traits in ‘Jindanil 80’ (JD) and ANT4 gave the lowest value to other parents. Hybrid JD × ANT4 showed the lowest anthracnose lesion size. However, the heterosis of cross the NM × ANT10 was the most negative at -43.68. The mode of gene action was found to be additive rather than involving dominant effects, with a narrow-sense heritability of 50.9% and broad sense heritability of 70.1%. Therefore, the resistant parent ANT4 cultivar is crucial for use as a resistant elite line for producing good F1 hybrid tolerance to anthracnose disease.
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Effects of Led Supplementary Lighting and NPK Fertilization on Fruit Quality of Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Grown in Plastic House
(2020-06-01)
Kramchote, Somsak
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Glahan, Somchai
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a high-value fruit in Thailand, usually grown in plastic houses where light could become a major limiting growth factor. This study used melon cultivar '#120' (orange flesh) grown in a plastic house under natural daylight (NDL, control) and with supplementary lighting using light emitting diodes (LEDs) of a combination of red 630 nm, red 660 nm, blue 450 nm, blue 460 nm, white 14000 K, UV 410 nm and IR 730 nm (LED1) or a combination of red 630 nm, red 660 nm, blue 450 nm and blue 460 nm (LED2) applied for 12 h from 6:00 pm to 6:00 am. These lighting treatments were combined with NPK fertilization using complete fertilizer 15-15-15 (N-P2O5-K2O) at 5 g, 7 g (recommended rate) or 9 g per plant. Results showed that LED2 combined with 9 g 15-15-15 was the most effective in increasing plant height, chlorophyll content (SPAD index), fruit size and mass, and peel and flesh thickness. The fruit also developed the desired lighter color (higher L∗ and lower a∗ coordinates) and were the firmest and sweetest (highest soluble solids content and lowest titratable acidity) among all treatments.
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Effects of Aloe vera Gel Coating on Quality and Shelf Life of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Fruit During Ambient Storage
(2022-01-01)
Pimsorn, Orawan
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Kramchote, Somsak
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Suwor, Patcharaporn
Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia var. Pan) fruits were coated with Aloe vera gel (AVG) at 0 (distilled water as control), 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% concentration as a 5 min dip and stored at ambient temperature (29 ± 1°C, 74 ± 5% RH) for 16 days. AVG coating markedly slowed fruit yellowing based on color scores and CIE L*, a*, and b* values, resulting in an increase in shelf life of about four days longer than that of the control (10 days). It did not significantly affect other fruit responses; AVG-coated and uncoated fruit had comparable weight loss, juice content, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and vitamin C content. Thus, AVG coating improved shelf life of lime primarily through delayed yellowing without adverse effects on other physicochemical attributes.
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Optimization of Feed Formulation, Feeding Rate, and Plant-Based Supplements for Efficient Rearing of the Superworm Zophobas morio (Fabricius) Under Tropical Conditions
(2026-02-01)
Pumnuan, Jarongsak
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Prachom, Noratat
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Kramchote, Somsak
Insects are increasingly recognized as sustainable protein sources due to their high feed conversion efficiency and low environmental impact. Among them, the superworm, Zophobas morio (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), has strong potential for large-scale production; however, optimized feeding strategies under tropical conditions remain limited. This study aimed (1) to determine the optimal feed formulations and feeding rate using wheat bran supplemented with the KMITL Protein Innovation source (a protein feed ingredient developed by the School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, KMITL), and (2) evaluate the influence of plant-based supplementary foods on larval performance. In Phase I, larvae were reared on 13 formulations with three protein levels (CP00, CP21, and CP24) and five feeding rates (A–E). Diets CP21–21 and CP24–21 (21 and 24% CP; wheat bran/protein = 2:1) resulted in the highest survival (83.4–84.1%) and the lowest feed conversion ratios (FCR = 2.29–2.34). Moderate feeding rates (C–D; 925–1110 g feed per tray for 50 days) produced the greatest larval weights (700–760 mg), whereas ad libitum feeding provided no additional benefit. In Phase II, larvae reared on CP21–21 with a restricted rate of 1100 g per tray and supplemented with ten plant-derived foods achieved comparable final weights (716–760 mg), but survival varied significantly among treatments. Mulberry leaf yielded the highest survival (95.3%), followed by banana, watermelon rind, winter melon, and jicama (>90%). Pumpkin and jicama accelerated pupation and adult emergence, showing a female-biased sex ratio among emerged adults (59.2–65.5%), suggesting enhanced developmental rates. These results establish a practical framework for cost-effective and sustainable Z. morio production under tropical conditions, contributing to circular bioeconomy strategies and supporting insect-protein innovation.
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Combining ability analysis in anthracnose-resistant introgression inbreds and developing improved resistant lines of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
(2025-01-01)
Saengarun, Patcharapan
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Suwor, Patcharaporn
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Inprasert, Hathaipat
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Kumsee, Nattika
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Tsai, Wen Shi
Chili peppers (C. annuum L.) are a commercial spice crop in the tropics. In Thailand, chili pepper is a cash crop for farmers and has cultural significance in Thai cuisine. Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. is responsible for a significant reduction in the marketable fruit yield of chili peppers. In this study, we tested the combining abilities of anthracnose-resistant chili pepper lines possessing resistance introgression genome segments from C. chinense (PBC932) and C. baccatum (PBC80). Six parental inbreds developed from two resistant donors PBC80 and PBC932 were crossed in a haft-diallel fashion to develop 15 cross combinations during 2018. In 2019, seeds of 21 genotypes comprising six parents and 15 F<inf>1</inf> s were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and data on plant characteristics, fruit yield and yield components were recorded. Detached fruits were screened against anthracnose causing aggressive species (C. acutatum). ANT4 showed the lowest disease lesion size and lowest GCA value at green and red fruit stages, containing resistance from PBC80. Additionally, the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significantly different at the green fruit stage, with the SCA component greater than GCA. Based on GCA and SCA estimates, ANT4 was selected and crossed to three highly susceptible cultivars (Yodsonkeam 80, Num, and Jindanil 80). The crosses were advanced and 10 F<inf>5</inf> lines were developed through marker-assisted selection (MAS) for resistance genes. The MAS was more useful for selecting resistance at the green fruit stage. We also found that MAS was more effective in F<inf>2</inf> progenies compared to F<inf>5</inf> progenies. Finally, we selected 10 new pure lines and evaluated them at the farmer's field. AF1, AF6, and AF7 were highly resistant to anthracnose, a more desirable good fruit type and high yield.
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Improving Pepper Inbreds for Resistance to Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Thailand Virus (PepYLCTHV) through Challenged Inoculations
(2024-09-01)
Kumsee, Nattika
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Suwor, Patcharaporn
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Teerarak, Montinee
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Tsai, Wen Shi
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Techawongstien, Suchila
Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are an economically important crop worldwide. Pepper yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (PepYLCTHV), a Begomovirus causing yellow leaf mosaic disease of chili pepper, has been reported to incur 95% economic loss under epiphytotic conditions. Thirty-one chili genotypes were screened for resistance to PepYLCTHV disease through inoculation using 10–15 viruliferous whiteflies per plant. We purified two resistant lines (PEP6 and PEP12) through four generations of selfing and selection. At 28 days after inoculations, two chili genotypes (PEP6 and PEP12) had low disease severity and percentage of disease incidence (DI) compared to four susceptible checks, viz., Yodsonkeam80, Homsupan, Huareau12, and Pong Charian, which had a disease severity score of 5 with 100% DI. Thirty initial plants of PEP6 showed an average disease severity of 3.64 with 69.33% DI, and PEP12 showed an average disease severity of 3.83 with 77.67% DI. From these populations, we selected nine highly resistant plant of PEP6 and seven plants of PEP12 having a disease severity of 0 through pure-line selection for four selfing generations. The ratio of resistance (R) to susceptibility (S) consequently decreased. In PEP6, the ratio decreased from 1R:2S to 1R:1S, while in PEP12 the ratio decreased from 1R:3S to 1R:1S. These lines have potential for release as resistant lines for improving chili pepper resistance to PepYLCTHV and for developing makers associated with the resistant trait.
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Using a Computer Vision System for Monitoring the Exterior Characteristics of Damaged Apples
(2025-10-01)
Al-Riyami, Zamzam
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Al-Dairi, Mai
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Pathare, Pankaj B.
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Kramchote, Somsak
Mechanical damage like bruises produced during postharvest handling can lower market value, affect nutritional value, and pose food safety risks. The study evaluated bruises on apples using image processing. This research focuses on using computer vision for apple fruit damage detection. The fruits were subjected to three levels of impact using three ball weights (66, 98, and 110 g) dropped from 50 cm height and stored at 22 °C. The overall impact energies generated were 0.323 J (low), 0.480 J (medium), and 0.539 J (high). The bruise area and susceptibility of the damage, surface area of the fruit, and color were measured manually (colorimeter) and by image processing. The study found that the bruise area was significantly affected by impact force, where 110 g (0.539 J) damaged apples showed a bruise area of 4.24 cm<sup>2</sup> after 21 days of storage at 22 °C. The images showed a significant change in the RGB values (Red, Green, Blue) over 21 days of storage when impacted at 0.539 J. The study showed that the greater the impact energy effect, the higher the weight loss under constant conditions of storage. After 21 days of storage, the 110 g mechanically damaged apples recorded the highest percentage of weight loss (6.362%). The study found a significant decrease in the surface area of 110 g bruised apples, with a smaller decrease in surface area for 66 g bruised fruit. The use of computer vision to detect bruise damage and other quality attributes of Granny Smith apples can be highly recommended to detect their losses.
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In Vitro Termiticidal Activity of Medicinal Plant Essential Oils Against Microcerotermes crassus
(2025-12-01)
Chantarapitak, Chaiamon
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Pumnuan, Jarongsak
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Chanpitak, Chaiwat
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Kramchote, Somsak
Termites are destructive structural pests causing significant economic losses worldwide. Although synthetic termiticides are effective, their extensive use raises environmental and health concerns, highlighting the need for safer, sustainable alternatives. This study evaluated the contact toxicity and repellency in a closed system of essential oils (EOs) from clove (Syzygium aromaticum), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and star anise (Illicium verum) against Microcerotermes crassus workers. Chemical constituents (eugenol and anethole) were characterized by GC–MS/MS, and their activities were compared with those commercial termiticides (fipronil and cypermethrin). Clove and cinnamon oils exhibited strong toxicity, with LC<inf>50</inf> values decreasing from 208.6 to 70.6 µL/L and from 362.6 to 130.5 µL/L, respectively, over 24 h. Both achieved LT<inf>50</inf> values below 10 h at 250 µL/L and over 80% repellency at 100–500 µL/L within 3–12 h. Eugenol, the major constituent, showed comparable activity. In contrast, star anise oil, dominated by anethole, displayed weaker repellency but measurable termiticidal effects with a slower onset. These findings indicate that eugenol-rich oils may provide rapid-contact activity. In contrast, anethole-rich oils may offer slower but measurable termiticidal effects, suggesting distinct potential roles in future formulation development. The findings provide a foundation for developing nanoemulsion-based botanical termiticides with improved stability and field performance.
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Preharvest Chitosan Effects on Growth, Yield and Quality of ‘Super Hot’ and ‘Num Khao’ Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
(2022-01-01)
Kramchote, Somsak
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Suwor, Patcharaporn
Two chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars ‘Super Hot’ and ‘Num Khao’ grown under field conditions in Thailand were sprayed with 0 (distilled water, control), 25, 50, 100, and 200 ppm chitosan after one week from transplanting and weekly thereafter for five weeks. Chitosan spray improved vegetative growth of both cultivars as measured by increased canopy size. It also increased the plant height of the ‘Super Hot’ cultivar and reduced leaf curl incidence in the ‘Num Khao’ cultivar. Leaf size and chlorophyll content were not significantly affected. Fruit were harvested from cultivars at the commercial maturity stage; that is, the red-ripe stage for ‘Super Hot’ and light green stage for ‘Num Khao’. From the four harvests at weekly intervals, chitosan treatment increased the ‘Super Hot’ yield because of greater fruit production and increased fruit size and there was a higher number of fruit per plant produced by the ‘Num Khao’ cultivar. Fruit color (L*, a*, b*, and sensory color) was not affected, but overall acceptability increased in response to chitosan spray due to improved size and quality of the ‘Super Hot’ cultivar and improved appearance, size and glossiness of the ‘Num Khao’ cultivar. Chitosan at 50 ppm appeared to be the optimum concentration to induce the above effects in both cultivars.

Kramchote, Somsak

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