Now showing 1 - 10 of 17
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    Smart Cane for Assisting Visually Impaired People and the Blind
    (2021-01-01)
    Kramomthong, P.
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    The limited mobility of the visually impaired and blind makes daily activities such as avoiding obstacles, traveling, crossing the street, and dealing with an emergency difficult. Currently, there are active studies and developments about devices and technologies that increase deftness daily and travel independently. In this paper, we combine various functions into one device consisting of obstacle detection, navigation, and emergency calls to increase the safety and travel mobility of visually impaired people and the blind. The laboratory experiment results of whole functions were successful, and the device can alert the user with sound and vibration.
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    Histopathological Classification of Colorectal Polyps using Deep Learning
    (2023-01-01) ;
    Cho, One Sun
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    Cho, Jae Wan
    Early diagnosis and classification of colorectal polyps are critical in reducing the morbidity and mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC). This paper proposes an automated method for histopathologically classifying colorectal polyps from 7000 μm H&E-stained images. First, a number of state-of-the-art deep learning models are developed and fine-tuned using transfer learning and ImageNet pre-trained weights. Subsequently, a baseline architecture is selected by comparing the trained models, and its performance is then optimized using data augmentation methods such as rotation, rescaling, mixup and cutout. Moreover, an extended variant of the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer called rectified Adam (Radam) and label smoothing are also used to boost the model performance. Based on the experimentation results using an open dataset, the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 90%, a precision of 90%, a recall of 89% and an F1-score of 0.91%.
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    A Study of Pulmonary Nodules from Multi-slice Computed Tomography Using 3-D Structure
    (2018-06-21) ;
    Choomchuay, Somsak
    Multi-slice CT screening is an auspicious imaging test to detect the lung cancer. Formation of the pulmonary nodules in the lungs is the first suspicious sign of the lung cancer. The nodules appear as round or irregular shaped spots having size up to 30 mm on the CT scan. As the rate of cancer cases increases day by day, the manual detection of pulmonary nodules becomes a struggling way for the radiologists. The proposed method aims to develop an automated system to detect the pulmonary nodules using image processing techniques. Moreover, the needs of the conventional 2D detection are figured out and compensated by creating 3D structure.
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    Detection of lesions and classification of diabetic retinopathy using fundus images
    (2017-02-21) ;
    Choomchuay, Somsak
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    Rapeeporn Yodprom, M. D.
    Diabetes retinopathy is a retinal disease that is affected by diabetes on the eyes. The main risk of the disease can lead to blindness. Detection the disease at early stage can rescue the patients from loss of vision. The major purpose of this paper is to automatically detect as well as to classify the severity of diabetic retinopathy. At first, the lesions on the retina especially blood vessels, exudates and microaneurysms are extracted. Features such as area, perimeter and count from these lesions are used to classify the stages of the disease by applying artificial neural network (ANN). We used 214 fundus images from DIARECTDB1 and local databases. We found that the system can give the classification accuracy of 96% and it supports a great help to ophthalmologists.
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    A computer aided diagnosis system for detection of lung nodules from series of CT slices
    (2017-11-03) ;
    Choomchuay, Somsak
    The proposed system aims to detect the lung nodules from a series of CT scan images. Otsu's thresholding and morphological operations are applied for nodules segmentation. After segmentation, the objects that do not hold the possibility to be nodules are removed. Geometric, histogram as well as texture features are then extracted for benign and malignant nodules classification. Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) is used for classification and the accuracy 95% has been achieved.
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    Ground glass opacity (GGO) nodules detection from lung CT scans
    (2017-07-01) ;
    Choomchuay, Somsak
    Ground glass opacity (GGO) nodules have a higher possibility of malignancy compared to other types of nodules appeared in the lung cancer. They are very effortful to detect due to their hazy structures and unclear margins. 65% of lung cancers are missed by the radiologists with the faint appearance of the GGO. Consequently, the detection of GGO is a critical issue and a striving task for the radiologists. This research proposes an automatic detection of GGO remained after the detection of solid opacity. Simple thresholding based on grey levels and mathematical image subtraction are applied for segmentation. Possible false after segmentation are reduced by the support vector machine (SVM). In total 37 GGOs, only 2 are missed by proposed segmentation and the false reduction performance is 94%.
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    Cervical cancer detection and classification from pap smear images
    (2019-09-16)
    Win, Kyi Pyar
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    Kitjaidure, Yuttana
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    Hamamoto, Kazuhiko
    In this paper, we propose a framework for detection and classification of cervical cancer from pap smear images. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of cervical cancer can reduce the death rate of cervical cancer patients. Pap smear or pap test is the most popular technique for early detection of cervical cancer. However, the manual analysis is labor intensive and time consuming process which relies on expert cytologist. Hence, it is needed to develop a computer aided diagnosis system to make the pap smear test more accurate and reliable. The objective of this paper is to present an innovative idea of applying random forest algorithm (RF) as a feature selection method using proposed bagging ensemble classifier for improving the predictive performance. The four basic steps of cervical cancer detection and classification system, image enhancement, segmentation, feature extraction and classification were used. K-means clustering combining with morphology operations obtained good segmentation for cell nuclei and cytoplasm. The most important features, shape, color and texture of nuclei and cytoplasm were applied to detect cervical cancer. To improve the accuracy of prediction results, random forest (RF) algorithm was used as a feature selection method. In classification stage, bagging ensemble classifier was applied which aggregated the results of five classifiers, linear discriminant (LD), support vector machine (SVM), weighted k-nearest neighbor (KNN), boosted trees and bagged trees. Herlev data set was used to prove the effectiveness of our proposed method. According to the experimental results, the high classification accuracy was achieved with top10 features using our proposed combined classifier. The accuracy was 97.83% in two class problem and 81.54% in seven class problem. When the results were compared with five classifiers, our proposed method was significantly better in two class and seven class problems.
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    Improved Random Forest (RF) classifier for imbalanced classification of lung nodules
    (2018-08-13) ;
    Choomchuay, Somsak
    Computer-aided detection (CAD) for lung cancer acts a dynamic research in biomedical engineering. These CADs generally occur imbalanced data classification because there are a large number of false lesions which are non-nodules (majority class), compared to the actual nodules (minority class). This paper proposes an improved random forest (RF) classifier to solve the learning bias problem of the imbalanced classification. The proposed RF applies sampling and three feature selection schemes namely Relief, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to improve the classification performance.
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    Comparing AI Decision-Making with Expert Biomarkers: A Case Study on Diabetic Retinopathy Classification
    (2025-01-01)
    Sharma, Aayushma
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    Artificial intelligence (AI) has become prevalent in the healthcare sector due to its ability to interpret complex medical images that may not be apparent to humans. Traditional black-box models were used to classify the disease, providing no information as to why certain things were labeled as such and not others. This paper utilizes the use of eXplainable-AI (XAI), specifically, Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) which generates mapping between AI decision and biomarker used by the ophthalmologist whereby enhancing results interpretability and transparency in the disease diagnostic tasks. VGG-16 incorporated with batch normalization and label smoothing was used for the classification tasks whereas LRP was employed to perform the heat-map generation to see if the feature extracted and used by AI was consistent with the experts' biomarkers. Our proposed model obtained a classification accuracy of 77.33%, where 165 out of 266 images were aligned with the ophthalmologist's prediction. Furthermore, the significance of heatmap generation was supported by a one-sample Z-test which revealed that the alignment between AI predictions and expert biomarkers is significantly greater than random, with a 95% confidence interval.
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    Automatic detection of mediastinal lymph nodes using 3D convolutional neural network
    (2019-09-16) ; ; ;
    Win, Kyi Pyar
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    Hamamoto, Kazuhiko
    Mediastinal lymph nodes are one of the most critical factors to identify the clinical stages of lung cancer. As the lymph nodes are low in attenuation and cluttering with various shapes and sizes, manual detection is usually error-prone and effort-intensive. This paper introduces a method for automatic detection of mediastinal lymph nodes by proposing three significant contributions. First, we constraint the detection area, mediastinal region, using greylevel thresholding. Next, we apply the watershed method and hessian eigenvalues to separate a cluster of lymph nodes. Finally, we build a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) to distinguish the actual lymph nodes from other false lesions. Our experiment is conducted using 70 CT exams containing 314 lymph nodes and achieved a favorable result with 94 % detection rate.