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    Numerical heat transfer study of square duct equipped with novel flapped V-baffles
    (2024-03-01) ; ;
    Skullong, Sompol
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    Promthaisong, Pitak
    ;
    Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
    The paper describes a computational study of heat transfer enhancement inside a square duct with V-shaped flapped baffles located repeatedly on the bottom and top walls for fluid flowing with Reynolds numbers (Re) from 3000 to 21,000. The basic goal of this work is to attain the largest relative Nusselt number (Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf>) whilst maintaining the highest thermal performance to improve energy savings. A finite volume method was used in the computations, along with the Realizable k‒ε turbulent model. The variable baffle parameters considered first in the current simulation were the relative height/blockade ratio (B<inf>R</inf> = 0.05−0.2) and the flap angle of the baffle hole (β = 0° − 90°), while the fixed parameters included the attack angle (α = 60°), hole diameter ratio (d<inf>R</inf> = 0.5), and pitch ratio (P<inf>R</inf> = 0.5). To accomplish this goal, the previously mentioned parameters providing the best thermal performance were investigated further by extending the values of B<inf>R</inf> to 0.25−0.3, d<inf>R</inf> to 0.8 and α to 45°−30°. The simulation results indicate that the jet flowing from the flapped hole, as well as the vortices created by the baffle, can boost heat transfer and friction loss in comparison to the plain duct. In comparison, using a flapped baffle with β > 0° results in less friction loss, a greater thermal enhancement factor (TEF), and a higher Nusselt number than using a baffle with no flap. The first investigation disclosed that for B<inf>R</inf> = 0.2 and β = 20°, the greatest TEF of 2.19 with Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf> of 7.9 times are obtained. The extended study, on the other hand, showed that the highest TEF of roughly 2.49 with Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf> of 8.4 times are seen for α = 45°, d<inf>R</inf> = 0.8, B<inf>R</inf> = 0.25 and β = 20° at lowest Re. Thus, the flapped baffle provides a significant increase in Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf> and TEF over the baffle alone.
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    Thermal characterization in a circular tube fitted with inclined horseshoe baffles
    (2015-01-22) ;
    Tamna, Sombat
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    ;
    In the present study, the influence of inclined horseshoes baffles placed repeatedly in a tubular heat exchanger on heat transfer rate, friction factor and thermal enhancement factor are experimentally determined. The horseshoe baffle elements with an inclination angle of 20° were inserted periodically into the test tube at three different baffle-pitch ratios (P<inf>R</inf> = 0.5, 1.0 and 2) and -width or blockage ratios (B<inf>R</inf> = 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2). The experiment was conducted in the test tube having a uniform heat-fluxed wall by varying turbulent airflow to obtain Reynolds number in a range of 5300-24,000. The experimental results revealed that the tube fitted with inclined horseshoes baffles provides considerable improvement of the heat transfer rate over the plain tube around 92-208% while the friction factor is increased at about 1.76-6.37 times. To access the real benefits for the inclined horseshoes baffles inserted in plain tube, thermal performance factor is examined and found to be in the range of 1.34-1.92 at which the maximum obtained at P<inf>R</inf> = 0.5 and B<inf>R</inf> = 0.1 is considerably higher than that for published inserted devices. Correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor for the oblique horseshoe-baffled tube are also proposed.
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    Thermal performance of heat exchanger tube inserted with curved-winglet tapes
    The paper deals with the effect of curved-winglet (CW) inserts on thermal and flow behaviors in a constant heat-fluxed tube. A straight tape is used to support the 45° CWs mounted repeatedly on both tape sides to generate two pairs of longitudinal counter-rotating vortices along the test tube in order to assist the chaotic flow mixing and to disrupt the boundary layer leading to faster rate of heat transfer. The airflow and heat transfer behaviors in the tube are examined for Reynolds number (Re) in the range of 4150–25,400. The curved-winglet tape (CWT) parameters involved are the winglet attack angle of 45° three relative winglet heights (b/D = B<inf>R</inf> = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) and winglet pitches, (P/D = P<inf>R</inf> = 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0). The investigation reveals that the maximum thermal enhancement factor (TEF) of the CWT is about 1.62 at B<inf>R</inf> = 0.1 and P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0. For further improvement, the CWT at B<inf>R</inf> = 0.1 and P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0 is modified by punching the CW to be the perforated-curved-winglet tape (P-CWT) to reduce the pressure loss. The P-CWT characteristics include five different punched hole diameters (d = 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm). The experimental results show that TEF of all the P-CWTs is higher than that of the CWT and the maximum TEF of 1.76 higher than the CWT around 9% is found for d = 1.5 mm. To understand the flow pattern and heat transfer mechanism, a three-dimensional CFD investigation is also performed and for validation, the good agreement between numerical and experimental results is found. For experimental data, empirical correlations for Nu, f and TEF for the CWT and P-CWT inserts are also determined.
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    Heat transfer and turbulent flow friction in a round tube with staggered-winglet perforated-tapes
    (2016-04-01)
    Skullong, Sompol
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    ; ;
    The article deals with thermal and flow resistance characteristics in a tubular heat exchanger fitted with staggered-winglet perforated tapes (WPT). The experiment was conducted in the test tube having a constant wall heat-flux for turbulent airflow, Reynolds number (Re) from 4180 to 26,000. The aim of using the WPT is to generate longitudinal vortex flows to disrupt thermal boundary layer on the tube wall and to provide stronger fluid mixing. The WPT having an winglet inclination angle of 30° was inserted into the test tube at five different winglet blockage ratios (B <inf>R</inf> = 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3) and three winglet pitch ratios (P <inf>R</inf> = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5). To find an optimum thermal performance condition, the effect of B <inf>R</inf> and P <inf>R</inf> on the heat transfer and pressure loss due to flow friction in the tube is examined. The experimental results reveal that Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) for the WPT increase with the increment of B <inf>R</inf> but the reduction of P <inf>R</inf> . The highest thermal enhancement factor (TEF) of 1.71 is achieved by utilizing the WPT with B <inf>R</inf> = 0.15, P <inf>R</inf> = 1.0 at Re = 4180. Compared to staggered-winglet typical non-perforated tape (WTT), the WPT yields the TEF of about 1.2 times higher than the WTT. Correlations of Nu, f and TEF for the WPT and the WTT are also proposed.
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    Thermal performance in solar air heater with perforated-winglet-type vortex generator
    (2018-08-01)
    Skullong, Sompol
    ;
    Promthaisong, Pitak
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    ; ;
    An experimental and numerical study of turbulent convective heat transfer in a solar air heater duct with winglet-type vortex generators (WVGs) placed on the absorber plate is presented. Air as the test fluid enters the duct having a uniform wall heat-flux applied on the upper wall or the absorber plate with Reynolds number from 4100 to 25,500. Two types of WVGs are introduced: rectangular (RWVG) and trapezoidal (TWVG) WVGs, in order to create multiple vortex flows along the duct. The WVG parameters in the present study include two relative height (B<inf>R</inf> = e/H = 0.2 and 0.48), three longitudinal pitch ratios (P<inf>R</inf> = P<inf>l</inf>/H = 1, 1.5 and 2) and a single attack angle, α = 30°. The experimental result reveals that the RWVG with B<inf>R</inf> = 0.48 and P<inf>R</inf> = 1 provides the highest heat transfer and friction factor at about 7.1 and 109.5 times above the flat duct, respectively while the TWVG with B<inf>R</inf> = 0.2 and P<inf>R</inf> = 1.5 yields the maximum thermal performance around 1.84. Then, to improve the performance by reducing the substantial pressure loss, both the WVGs with B<inf>R</inf> = 0.48 and P<inf>R</inf> = 1.5 are modified to be perforated rectangular and trapezoidal winglet-type vortex generators (P-RWVG and P-TWVG) with four different punched hole/pore diameters (d = 1, 3, 5 and 7 mm) on their central area. The investigation indicates that among the perforated WVGs, the P-RWVG at d = 1 mm yields the highest heat transfer and friction factor up to 6.78 and 84.32 times higher than the smooth duct but the best thermal performance of about 2.01 is found for the P-TWVG with d = 5 mm. To explore the flow and heat transfer pattern, a 3D numerical flow simulation is performed and validated with available measurements where both the numerical and measured results are in good agreement.
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    Experimental and numerical heat transfer investigation in a tubular heat exchanger with delta-wing tape inserts
    (2016-11-01)
    Skullong, Sompol
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    ; ;
    Effects of insertion of a straight tape with double-sided delta wing pairs (called “delta-wing tape”, DWT) used as a longitudinal vortex generator (LVG) on forced convective heat transfer and flow friction characteristics in a uniform heat-flux heat exchanger tube are investigated experimentally and numerically in the present work. The experiment is conducted for turbulent airflow with the Reynolds number (Re) from 4200 to 25,500. The delta wings are in a forward-wing arrangement with three wing inclination angles (α = 30°, 45° and 60°) and with five ratios of wing-pitch to tube-diameter (P/D = PR = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5). Influences of the DWT insert on heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number (Nu) and pressure drop in the form of friction factor (f) are examined. The results indicate that the DWT provides the increases in Nu and f up to 505% and 69 times above the plain tube, respectively and the maximum thermal enhancement factor (TEF) is at 1.49. The 60° DWT with PR = 0.5 yields the highest Nu and f but the 30° one with PR = 1.0 gives the best TEF. To understand the flow structure and heat transfer mechanism, a three dimensional CFD simulation of the inserted tube is also performed. The simulated results are validated and are in good agreement with the current measurements. A simulated heat transfer and fluid flow structure is also reported.
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    Heat transfer performance evaluation of a solar air heater duct with multiple tapered V-baffles
    (2025-12-01) ;
    Kaewkosum, P.
    ;
    Woncharee, K.
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    Keaitnukul, W.
    ;
    Maruyama, N.
    This report aims to study the heat transfer enhancement, pressure loss characteristics, and thermal performance of a channel equipped with multiple tapered V-shaped baffles (MTVBs). The effects of up-facing and down-facing orientations, converging (C) and diverging(D) configurations, variations in the taper ratio (e<inf>CR</inf> and e<inf>DR</inf> = 0.0 and 0.5), and Reynolds number (6000 ≤ Re ≤ 24,000) are examined. The performance of UF-C-MTVBs, DF-C-MTVBs, UF-D-MTVBs, and DF-D-MTVBs is analyzed and compared with that of the conventional transverse baffles (TBs) and MVBs (e<inf>DR</inf> = 1.0). The experimental setup maintained a constant attack angle (α) of 45°, pitch ratio (p/H) of 1.5, width-shaped ratio (W<inf>b</inf>/W) of 0.25, and blockage ratio (e/H) of 0.3. Tests were conducted at a fixed Prandtl number of 0.71, and a thermochromic liquid crystal sheet was utilized to assess the local Nusselt number distribution on the wall installed with UF-C-MTVBs, DF-C-MTVBs, UF-D-MTVBs, and DF-D-MTVBs. The results reveal that the channel with MVBs (e<inf>DR</inf> = 1.0) achieves the greatest heat transfer rate, with a Nu/Nu<inf>s</inf> ratio of up to 4.37 while a f/f<inf>s</inf> ratio reaching 48.12. In contrast, D-MTVBs at e<inf>DR</inf> = 0.0, despite having a lower Nu/Nu<inf>s</inf> ratio (maximum 3.87), attain the maximum thermal performance of 1.39 at Re = 6000, owing to their optimized design that effectively enhances heat transfer while minimizing pressure drop.
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    Effect of perforated twisted-tapes with parallel wings on heat transfer enhancement in a heat exchanger tube
    (2012-01-01) ;
    Eiamsa-Ard, P.
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    Eiamsa-Ard, S.
    This article reports an experimental investigation on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of turbulent flow in a heating tube equipped with perforated twisted tapes with parallel wings (PTT) for Reynolds number between 5500 and 20500. The design of PTT involves the following concepts: (1) wings induce an extra turbulence near tube wall and thus efficiently disrupt a thermal boundary layer (2) holes existing along a core tube, diminish pressure loss within the tube. The parameters investigated were the hole diameter ratio (d/W = 0.11, 0.33 and 0.55) and wing depth ratio (w/W = 0.11, 0.22 and 0.33). A typical twisted tape was also tested for an assessment. Compared to the plain tube, the tubes with PTT and TT yielded heat transfer enhancement up to 208% and 190%, respectively. The evaluation of overall performance under the same pumping power reveal that the PTT with d/W = 0.11 and w/W = 0.33, gave the maximum thermal performance factor of 1.32, at Reynolds number of 5500. Empirical correlations of the heat transfer, friction factor and thermal performance for tubes with PTTs were also developed. In addition, the swirling/axial flow patterns of tube with PTT were visualized using dye injection technique. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Thermal performance in solar air heater channel with combined wavy-groove and perforated-delta wing vortex generators
    (2016-05-05)
    Skullong, Sompol
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    ; ;
    An experimental investigation on thermal performance improvement in a solar air heater channel with combined wavy-groove and delta-wing vortex generator (WVG) placed on the absorber plate having a uniform wall heat-flux is carried out. The Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter of the channel ranges from 4800 to 23,000. The effect of the combined groove and WVG on the heat transfer and pressure drop in the channel in terms of respective Nusselt number and friction factor is examined. Investigated parameters of the WVG mounted on the grooved absorber are three wing porosity area ratios (called porosity ratio, A<inf>h</inf>/A<inf>w</inf> = 0.031, 0.085 and 0.167) and four groove-wing distance to channel-height ratios (g/H = 0.4, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) at a single attack angle (α = 45°). The experimental result reveals that at g/H = 0.5, the smaller A<inf>h</inf>/A<inf>w</inf> provides the highest Nusselt number and friction factor around 6 and 30 times over the smooth channel, respectively, but the optimum thermal performance is at A<inf>h</inf>/A<inf>w</inf> = 0.085 and g/H = 0.5. The combined devices give the thermal performance augmentation at about 37.7-46.3% higher than the groove alone and also at about 1.5-12.5% above the combined groove and non-perforated WVG (without hole).
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    Thermal behaviors in a round tube equipped with quadruple perforated-delta-winglet pairs
    (2017-01-01)
    Skullong, Sompol
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    ; ;
    The article deals with an experimental investigation of enhancing convective heat transfer in a heated circular tube with pairs of perforated-delta-winglets placed repeatedly on a perforated-cross-tape (PW-XT). The perforated-delta-winglets are placed in inline array and a triangular-hole is punched on each winglet to reduce the friction loss. The aim at using the PW-XT insert is to produce streamwise-vortex flows in the tube to reduce the thickness of thermal boundary layer and to increase fluid mixing of the flow. The involved winglet parameters are composed of relative winglet height or blockage ratio, (B<inf>R</inf> = b/D = 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25) and relative winglet pitch or pitch ratio, (P<inf>R</inf> = P/D = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) and those are performed at a single delta-winglet inclination/attack angle, α = 30° and a winglet porosity ratio, A<inf>p</inf>/A<inf>w</inf> = 0.359 for Reynolds number from 4180 to 26,000. The present results of heat transfer and pressure loss displayed in terms of respective Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) show that Nu increases with increasing B<inf>R</inf>but with decreasing P<inf>R</inf>. Nu for the PW-XT insert is in a range of 1.96–5.06 times while f increases around 2.06–35.68 times above the plain tube alone. To estimate the real merits of the PW-XT, the thermal enhancement factor (TEF) is evaluated and found to be a maximum around 1.902 at B<inf>R</inf> = 0.15, P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0. In comparison, the PW-XT gives considerably higher TEF than the typical four delta-winglet pairs placed on the cross-tape (TW-XT) having the highest TEF around 1.72.