Soytong, Kasem

Preferred name

Soytong, Kasem

Alternative Name

Soytong, K.

kasem.so@kmitl.ac.th

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Mycofungicides and fungal biofertilizers
(2009-09-01)
Kaewchai, S.
;
Soytong, K.
;
Hyde, K. D.
Mycofungicides and fungal biofertilizers have been promoted for agricultural use because of their ability to control plant diseases and their ability to increase crop production in an environmentally friendly manner. In recent years several mycofungicides have been patented and registered for plant disease control, while fungal biofertilizers have also been registered for application in crop production. Several effective mycofungicides and fungal biofertilizers have been formulated for commercial production. Formulation of mycofungicides includes wettable powders and granules; these being applied to seeds, seedlings and mature plants. Examples are Ketomium®, formulated from Chaetomium globosum and Ch. cupreum, Promote® formulated from Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride, SoilGard® formulated from Gliocladium virens, and Trichodex® from T. harzianum. Fungal biofertilizers include plant growth stimulating fungi e.g. Trichoderma, mycorrhizal fungi (ectomycorrhiza e.g. Pisolithus tinctonus and arbuscular mycorrhizae e.g. Glomus intraradices which form mutualistic associations with plants), enzymatic producing fungi for compost production and P-solubilizing fungi and K-solubilizing fungi. Fungal biofertilizers play an important role in promoting plant growth, health, productivity and improving soil fertility. Copyright © 2002 by Current Science Inc.
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Elucidation of high micro-heterogeneity of an acidic-neutral trichotoxin mixture from Trichoderma harzianum by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
(2000-01-01)
Suwan, Sathorn
;
Isobe, Minoru
;
Kanokmedhakul, Somdej
;
Lourit, Nuttaya
;
Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai
The high micro-heterogeneity of an acidic-neutral trichotoxin mixture from T. harzianum, PC01, was elucidated using a modern tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source, a hybrid quadrupole-orthogonal accelerator and a reflectron time-of-flight analyzer. The trichotoxins appeared predominantly in six possible doubly charged pseudo molecular ions with three different adducts (H, Na and K) as [M + 2H]2+, [M + H + Na]2+, [M + H + K]2+, [M + 2Na]2+, [M + Na + K]2+ and [M + 2K]2+. The singly charged pseudomolecular ions, [M + H]+, [M + Na]+ and [M + K]+, occurred only in low abundance when the cone voltages were higher than 30 V. Additional singly charged fragments, b<inf>12</inf> and y′6 (complementary N- and C-terminal fragments), were obtained in high abundance using high cone voltages. The peak patterns of both singly and doubly charged molecular adducts revealed that this trichotoxin mixture contained several components having 6-7 molecular masses with a consecutive 14 u difference among members in the same molecular adduct series. Furthermore, well resolved isotopic peaks of every doubly or singly charged ions and their reproducible peak intensity allowed the identification of the mixing of acidic trichotoxins 1 u molecular mass heavier than the neutral counterparts in the sample. Tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analyses of various singly charged b<inf>12</inf> and y′6 ions supported the sequence deduction of the major and minor components and also the position of Glu in the sequences of these acidic molecules. The setting of either low or high resolution of the quadrupole mass filter unit together with a suitable variation of the collision voltage for any MS/MS precursor were the tools for extracting a number of mixed components and obtaining the major and minor sequences of these precursor peaks. The nature of the MS/MS fragmentation and the data assignment of three major doubly charged ions, [M + 2H]2+, [M + K + H]2+ and [M + 2K]2+, are demonstrated. Eleven new sequences of both acidic and neutral trichotoxins are reported. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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A new entomopathogenic species, Hymenostilbe furcata, parasitic on a hemipteran nymph in northern Thailand
(2006-07-01)
Ohnmar, Myo Aung
;
Ji, Chuan Kang
;
Zong, Qi Liang
;
Soytong, Kasem
;
Hyde, Kevin David
Hymenostilbe furcata sp. nov., parasitic on a hemipteran nymph in a northern Thailand forest is described and illustrated. Its morphology is compared with that of other species with forked denticles.
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The effect of Penicillium notatum on plant growth
(2001-10-01)
Phuwiwat, Wirat
;
Soytong, Kasem
The effect of Penicillium notatum (KMITL 99) on the growth of Chinese mustard (Brassica campestris var. chinensis), Chinese radish (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were investigated. Results showed that P. notatum (KMITL 99) isolated from rhizosphere soil gave higher plant yields of Chinese mustard than the non-treated ones. The Chinese mustard grown in sterilized planting medium mixed with P. notatum at a concentration of 16.59 × 106 spores/ml, resulted in the highest plant heights. Plant height, root length, root diameter, fresh and dry weights of the shoots, roots and total plant dry weights increased gradually as the inoculum of P. notatum (KMITL 99) applied increased. At the concentration of 27.66 × 106 spores/ml., the highest growth and yield of Chinese radish was significantly higher than that of non-treated plants. Penicillium notatum (KMITL 99), however, had no effect on the growth of cucumber plants.
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Out of the Palaeotropics? Historical biogeography and diversification of the cosmopolitan ectomycorrhizal mushroom family Inocybaceae
(2009-04-01)
Matheny, P. Brandon
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Aime, M. Catherine
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Bougher, Neale L.
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Buyck, Bart
;
Desjardin, Dennis E.
Aim The ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushroom family Inocybaceae is widespread in north temperate regions, but more than 150 species are encountered in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. The relative roles of recent and ancient biogeographical processes, relationships with plant hosts, and the timing of divergences that have shaped the current geographic distribution of the family are investigated. Location Africa, Australia, Neotropics, New Zealand, north temperate zone, Palaeotropics, Southeast Asia, South America, south temperate zone. Methods We reconstruct a phylogeny of the Inocybaceae with a geological timeline using a relaxed molecular clock. Divergence dates of lineages are estimated statistically to test vicariance-based hypotheses concerning relatedness of disjunct ECM taxa. A series of internal maximum time constraints is used to evaluate two different calibrations. Ancestral state reconstruction is used to infer ancestral areas and ancestral plant partners of the family. Results The Palaeotropics are unique in containing representatives of all major clades of Inocybaceae. Six of the seven major clades diversified initially during the Cretaceous, with subsequent radiations probably during the early Palaeogene. Vicariance patterns cannot be rejected that involve area relationships for Africa-Australia, Africa-India and southern South America-Australia. Northern and southern South America, Australia and New Zealand are primarily the recipients of immigrant taxa during the Palaeogene or later. Angiosperms were the earliest hosts of Inocybaceae. Transitions to conifers probably occurred no earlier than 65 Ma. Main conclusions The Inocybaceae initially diversified no later than the Cretaceous in Palaeotropical settings, in association with angiosperms. Diversification within major clades of the family accelerated during the Palaeogene in north and south temperate regions, whereas several relictual lineages persisted in the tropics. Both vicariance and dispersal patterns are detected. Species from Neotropical and south temperate regions are largely derived from immigrant ancestors from north temperate or Palaeotropical regions. Transitions to conifer hosts occurred later, probably during the Palaeogene. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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A bioactive triterpenoid and vulpinic acid derivatives from the mushroom Scleroderma citrinum
(2003-06-01)
Kanokmedhakul, Somdej
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Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai
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Prajuabsuk, Thirada
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Soytong, Kasem
;
Kongsaeree, Palangpon
A new lanostane-type triterpenoid, (20S,22S,23E)-22-O-acetyl-25-hydroxylanosta-8,23(E)-dien-3-one (1), isolated as a new natural product for the first time, methyl 4,4′-dimethoxyvulpinate (2), together with the known compound 4,4′-dimethoxyvulpinic acid (3) were isolated from the mushroom Scleroderma citrinum. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic and chemical methods, and an X-ray analysis was performed to confirm structure of 1. Compound 1 exhibited significant antiviral activity against Herpes simplex type 1. Compound 3 and two of its derivatives, the dibromo derivative 5 and acetate derivative 6, exhibited activity towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, 5 and 6 also showed cytotoxicity against the NCI-H187 cell line.
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Application of Chaetomium species (Ketomium®) as a new broad spectrum biological fungicide for plant disease control: A review article
(2001-12-01)
Soytong, K.
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Kanokmedhakul, S.
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Kukongviriyapa, V.
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Isobe, M.
Research and development of biological control agents for use against plant diseases have been undertaken for several years in both government and private sectors, as natural agents are needed to take the place of chemical fungicides. The problem associated with the use of hazardous chemicals for disease control has received increasing attention worldwide, due to the fact that pathogens become resistant to chemical fungicides and the resulting environmental pollution and ecological imbalances. The implementation of practical integrated biological control technology to control plant diseases has been successfully introduced to growers in China, Philippines, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam by using new broad spectrum biological fungicides from Chaetomium (Thailand Patent No. 6266, International Code: AO1N 25/12 and registered as Ketomium® mycofungicide). Since 1989, the biological product has been developed and improved from 22-strains of Chaetomium cupreum CC01-CC10 and Chaetomium globosum CG01-CG12 in the form of pellet and powder formulation. The formulation has successfully been applied to infested field-soils with integrated with cultural control measures and organic amendments for the long-term protection of Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) and Black Pepper (Piper nigram L.) caused by Phytophthora palmivora, Tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) caused by Phytophthora parasitica and Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) caused by Phytophthora cactorum, Wilt of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Basal rot of Corn (Zea mays L.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii against Phytophthora rot. Bio-control technology of plant diseases has successfully been demonstrated, either completely or partially, when integrated with other control measures for appropriate disease management. Biological products are useful, not only for the protection against plant diseases, but can also be used for curative effects of plant diseases, and also promote plant growth.
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Antimycobacterial anthraquinone-chromanone compound and diketopiperazine alkaloid from the fungus Chaetomium globosum KMITL-N0802
(2002-09-01)
Kanokmedhakul, Somdej
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Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai
;
Phonkerd, Nutchanat
;
Soytong, Kasem
;
Kongsaeree, Palangpon
Investigation of the fungus Chaetomium globosum KMITL-N0802 led to the isolation of a novel anthraquinone-chromanone compound named chaetomanone along with seven known compounds, ergosterol, ergosteryl palmitate, chrysophanol, chaetoglobosin C, alternariol monomethyl ether, echinuline and isochaetoglobosin D. These compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Chaetomanone and echinulin exhibited activity towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Cordyceps mrciensis sp. nov. from a spider in Thailand
(2006-07-01)
Ohnmar, Myo Aung
;
Ji, Chuan Kang
;
Zong, Qi Liang
;
Soytong, Kasem
;
Hyde, Kevin David
A fungus associated with a spider collected from the Mushroom Research Centre, Chiang Mai, Thailand was found to represent a new species of the genus Cordyceps. It is described as C. mrciensis sp. nov. C. mrciensis differs from other species occurring on spiders in that the stromata have a fertile part with a distinctive sterile appendage, superficial perithecia and ascospores that do not break into secondary partspores.
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Bis-spiro-azaphilones and azaphilones from the fungi Chaetomium cochliodes VTh01 and C. cochliodes CTh05
(2008-09-29)
Phonkerd, Nutchanat
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Kanokmedhakul, Somdej
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Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai
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Soytong, Kasem
;
Prabpai, Samran
Four new dimeric spiro-azaplilones, cochliodones A-D (1-4), two new azaphliones, chaetoviridines E and F (5 and 6), a new epi-chaetoviridin A (7), together with five known compounds, chaetoviridin A (8), ergosterol (9), chaetochalasin A (10), 24(R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6-22-diene-3β-ol (11), and ergosterol-β-d-glucoside (12) were isolated from the fungi Chaetomium cochliodes VTh01 and C. cochliodes CTh05. Structures and stereochemistry of the atropisomers 1-3 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 5, 10, and 11 exhibited antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, while 3, 5, 6, 10, and 11 showed antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, 5 and 6 also showed cytotoxicity against the KB, BC1, and NCI-H187 cell lines. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Soytong, Kasem

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