Soytong, Kasem

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Soytong, Kasem

Alternative Name

Soytong, K.

kasem.so@kmitl.ac.th

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Cytotoxic and antibacterial depsidones from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium brasiliense isolated from Thai rice
(2022-01-01)
Promgool, Trinop
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Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai
;
Leewijit, Thianrat
;
Song, Jiaojiao
;
Soytong, Kasem
Four new depsidones, mollicellins V-Y (1-4), together with eight known depsidones (5-12) were isolated from the endophytic fungus, Chaetomium brasiliense, detached from stems of Thai rice. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. Mollicellins X, H, and F (3, 8 and 10) showed potent cytotoxicity against the human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cell line, and mollicellin F (10) also showed a potent cytotoxicity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Besides, mollicellin B (11) exhibited cytotoxicity against the colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell line. Moreover, most of the isolated depsidones displayed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, and several of them showed moderate activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and clinical isolates of S. aureus. In addition, a few of them also showed moderate activity against a Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Antifungal activity of microbial nanoparticles derived from Chaetomium spp. against Magnaporthe oryzae causing rice blast
(2020-01-01)
Song, Jiao Jiao
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Soytong, Kasem
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Kanokmedhakul, Somdej
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Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai
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Poeaim, Supattra
The Magnaporthe oryzae isolate PO2 was proven to cause rice blast var. PSL 2 in this study. Chaetomium elatum, Chaetomium lucknowense and Chaetomium brasiliense were antagonised to M. oryzae. The hexane extract of C. brasiliense gave the highest inhibition of the spore production with an ED<inf>50</inf> of 35 ppm, the EtOAC extract of C. lucknowense inhibited the spore production at 57 ppm and the EtOAC extracts of C. elatum inhibited the spore production at 106 ppm. The nano-CLM (C. lucknowense) inhibited the spore production at 5.24 ppm, the nano-CBH (C. brasiliense) inhibited the spore production at 6.86 ppm and the nano-CEE (C. elatum) inhibited the spore production at 7.89 ppm. The rice leaves treated with nano-CBH from C. brasiliense produced Sakuranertin and Oryzalexin B as seen on the thin layer chromatography where the Rf value was 0.08 assumed to be Sakuranertin, and the R<inf>f</inf> value of 0.28 supposed to be Oryzalexin B. It was found that the nanoparticles act as elicitors to induce immunity in rice plants through the production of phytoalexin.
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Biosurfactant from Streptomyces zaomyceticus HUS20 isolated from the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) and its antibacterial activity
(2025-07-01)
Kishorekumar, A.
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Radhakrishnan, M.
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Manigundan, K.
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Ranjani, S.
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Thenmozhli, G. S.
Actinobacteria, which are known to synthesize bioactive molecules with significant industrial and medicinal applications. In order to assess the possibility for producing biosurfactant (BS), this study identified culturable actinobacteria from the high-altitude soils of Drama Valley, Dugtu Village in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Actinobacteria were isolated from pre-treated soil samples using nutrient agar, starch casein nitrate agar, and actinomycetes isolation agar, which were enhanced with 1% crude oil. Using the haemolytic assay, oil displacement test, emulsification activity, drop collapse assay, and penetration assay, morphologically different colonies were proved for the production of BS. In this study, a promising biosurfactant-producing strain, strain HUS20 showed considerable emulsification index (65%) and a 30 mm zone in the oil displacement test. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain HUS20 was shown to be 100% identical to Streptomyces zaomyceticus (GenBank accession: OQ996835.1). in HR LC MS analysis, the crude biosurfactant extract showed the presence of more than 164 metabolites. Additionally, the crude biosurfactant demonstrated strong antibacterial action against foodborne pathogens, with Bacillus cereus showing the greatest suppression (24 mm zone at 100 mg/ml). The potential of actinobacteria from harsh Himalayan habitats as a useful resource for the synthesis of biosurfactants is highlighted by this work. Streptomyces zaomyceticus HUS20 is found to be promising strain for isolation of potential biosurfactant molecule.
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Streptomyces sp. Mitigates Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses and Stimulates Plant Development
(2026-01-01)
Haggag, Wafaa Mohamed
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Gopikrishnan, Venugopal
;
Soytong, Kasem
The increasing need of the population for food in limited agricultural land makes it necessary to increase crop production in an environmentally friendly manner. Approximately 20–40% of economic losses in agriculture are attributed to plant pathogens, which include biotic stressors such as fungal and bacterial infections, pests, weeds, and other agents that cause a variety of crop disorders. Abiotic stressors, such as high temperatures, drought, metal poisoning, and soil salinity, are severe constraints on crop productivity. Despite their high effectiveness and ease of use, agrochemicals pose a threat to the environment. A microbial consortium exists in the root zone, and this consortium of microorganisms can resist the impacts of biotic and environmental stresses on plants, resulting in sustainable agricultural productivity. To achieve sustainable crop productivity, rhizosphere and plant periphyton engineering, the best technology for enhancing crop production, requires the identification of a variety of microorganisms with different potentials. Beneficial microorganisms known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria reside close to plant roots and increase plant development. The gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces sp., often known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, can increase plant development and resistance to adverse climatic conditions. Streptomyces sp. is renowned for its ability to produce a wide range of antimicrobials, as well as a large number of secondary and physiologically active metabolites. These metabolites are necessary for plants to withstand environmental stresses and can also function as biological pesticides by triggering plant defense mechanisms against pathogen invasion. Furthermore, they have a strong ability to increase plant development. To reduce the negative effects of biotic and environmental pressures, as well as climate change, this study proposes novel applications of beneficial Streptomyces and their active second-generation metabolites in agriculture.
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Antagonistic effects of Chaetomium globosum and Trichoderma viride against Chili Anthracnose
(2026-01-01)
Rohaendi, P.
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Sudjatmiko, S.
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Pamekas, T.
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Soytong, K.
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Song, J. J.
The research demonstrated that Trichoderma viride and Chaetomium globosum inhibited Colletotrichum acutatum by 90.30% and 88.20%, respectively, primarily via competition for nutrients/space and parasitism, with no observed antibiosis. the field trials revealed that both fungi significantly reduced anthracnose severity. Trichoderma viride applications at 1, 2, and 3 g/L decreased disease incidence by 80.68%, 91.16%, and 92.27%, respectively, while Chaetomium globosum reduced it by 87.61–92.65%. Both exceeded synthetic fungicide Antracol (83.48–89.37% reduction) as a controlled treatment. Attack intensity followed a similar trend, with Trichoderma viride (95.12–97.46% suppression) and Chaetomium globosum (92.76–96.83%) surpassing Antracol (89.95–93.80%). Additionally, Trichoderma viride and Chaetomium globosum enhanced salicylic acid levels in chili plants, suggesting induced systemic resistance. These findings highlighted the potential of antagonistic fungi as sustainable biocontrol agents which would develop to be biofungicide, offering effective anthracnose management while reducing chemical residues.
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A new nanofibre derived from Trichoderma hamatum K01 to control durian rot caused by Phytophthora palmivora
(2023-01-01)
Phal, Pheaktra
;
Soytong, Kasem
;
Poeaim, Supattra
Phytophthora rot of durian var Monthong caused by Phytophthora palmivora has been proven to be a serious threat to durian plantations in Thailand. The research was targeted to isolate the causal pathogen and prove its pathogenicity by Koch’s postulate. Morphology and molecular phylogeny have confirmed the identification of pathogenic and antagonistic fungi. Evaluation of antagonistic fungus against plant pathogen in vitro and greenhouse conditions, morphology and molecular phylogenetic identification confirmed antagonistic species Trichoderma hamatum K01 and pathogenic isolate P. palmivora PYSC01. The crude metabolite of T. hamatum K01, namely TK01-MeOH gave the most substantial inhibitory effect to inhibit colony growth and sporangia formation at ED<inf>50</inf> (50% effective dose) values of 288 and 118 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, nanofibre namely nano-TK01M exhibited the best antifungal activity in inhibiting colony growth and sporangia formation at ED<inf>50</inf> values of 11 and 3 µg/mL, respectively. Nano-TK01M treated on durian leaves induced the synthesis of scopoletin, which is known as a defense mechanism and marker of plant resistance or plant immunity. Moreover, the application of nano-TK01M significantly reduced disease incidence, the same as metalaxyl. Additionally, nano-TK01M treatment was the most effective in enhancing plant physiological parameters, including the synthesis of chlorophyll, carotenoid contents and promoted plant growth, compared to both metalaxyl and non-treated control. T. hamatum K01 produced antifungal metabolite pyrone 6-pentyl-2H-Pyran-2-one and sorbicillin. It is reported for the first time that pyrone and sorbicillin could be expressed as bioactive compounds in reduction of the disease incidence of durian rot caused by P. palmivora. The finding confirmed that nano-TK01M from T. hamatum K01 exhibited the most effective in controlling plant pathogen, which could be promoted as agricultural input for plant disease management, and it is also a nontoxic fungicide for living life and eco-friendly.
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Identification of biostimulant and microbicide compounds from Streptomyces sp. UC1A-3 for plant growth promotion and disease control
(2020-09-01)
Manigundan, K.
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Joseph, J.
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Ayswarya, S.
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Vignesh, A.
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Vijayalakshmi, G.
The plant growth promotion and antagonistic potential of Streptomyces against phytopathogens was assessed. Total fourteen Streptomyces strains were derived from rhizosphere soil of Capsicum annum (Chilli) from the agricultural fields in Udhagamandalam, Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India. All strains were evaluated for plant growth promoting in vitro e.g. production of indole acetic acid, ammonia, siderophores, chitinase, cellulase, protease, amylase and inorganic phosphate solubilisation. In addition, antagonistic activity was also tested against Ralstonia solanacearum, Xandhomonas oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria sp., Macrophomina sp., and Magnaporthe oryzae. Further, bioactive compounds from the strain UC1A-3 was analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometric technique. Three strains showed the highest level to promote plant growth promoting and antagonistic activity especially the strain UC1A-3 revealed maximum level of seed germination and increased shoot and root length in Chilli plants. Totally, twenty-nine compounds were detected, most of which were aromatic compound derivatives. In particular, Phthalic acid (C<inf>8</inf>H<inf>6</inf>O<inf>4</inf>), Pentadecanoic acid (C<inf>15</inf>H<inf>30</inf>O<inf>2</inf>), i-Propyl 12-methyltetradecanoate (C<inf>18</inf>H<inf>36</inf>O<inf>2</inf>), l-(+)-Ascorbic acid 2, 6- dihexadecanoate (C<inf>38</inf>H<inf>68</inf>O<inf>8</inf>), 1-Nonadecene (C<inf>19</inf>H<inf>38</inf>), 1-Heptacosanol (C<inf>27</inf>H<inf>56</inf>O) were reported as antimicrobial properties. Findings of the present study evidenced that Streptomyces strain UC1A-3 would be a promising candidate for agricultural crop improvement, since it has showed the potential in-vitro plant growth and biocontrol activities against the tested phytopathogens.
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Microbial Nanotechnology in Agricultural Applications
(2026-01-01)
Song, Jiaojiao
;
Soytong, Kasem
Nanotechnology has been developed for plant disease management, and many kinds of organic nanoparticles have been developed to induce the immunity of plants, such as plant vaccines. Natural products from Chaetomium lucknowense, Chaetomium brasiliense, Chaetomium cochliodes, Chaetomium cupreum, Chaetomium elatum, Chaetomium globosum, Chaetomium siamense, Emericella nidulans, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma hamatum are reported to have antimicrobial activities against plant pathogens. In particular, Ch. siamense is a newly discovered and endophytic Chaetomium spp. that produces active metabolites. These active metabolites from Chaetomium spp., E. nidulans, T. harzianum, and T. hamatum are constructed as nanofibers for inducing plant disease immunity through phytoalexin production as nanoplant vaccines. The nanofibers are used as elicitors for the induction of immunity in plants that induce phytoalexin biosynthesis, for example, scopoletin and anthocyanidin against Phytophthora or Pythium rot and scoparone against Phytophthora or Pythium rot, capsidiol in chili against anthracnose, alpha-tomatine in tomato against Fusarium wilt, and sakuranetin and oryzalexin in rice plants against blast. The natural product nanoelicitors derived from Chaetomium spp., Emericella spp., and Trichoderma spp. help reduce disease incidence in plants.
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Taxonomy and phylogeny of endophytic Chaetomium (Chaetomiaceae) associated with mango (Mangifera indica) in Yunnan, China
(2024-01-01)
Yang, Er Fu
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Karunarathna, Samantha C.
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Elgorban, Abdallah M.
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Soytong, Kasem
;
Promputtha, Itthayakorn
Endophytic fungi reside within plant tissues throughout their entire or partial life cycle, establishing a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with their host plant, free from causing any adverse effects or diseases. In addition, endophytic fungi are known as a rich source of new and physiologically active natural chemicals with great therapeutic potentials. Endophytic fungi can promote their host's growth and improve tolerance towards biotic and abiotic stresses. The endophytic fungi associated with mangoes have been infrequently studied, and most isolates lack both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. When investigating fungal endophytes associated with mango, we isolated four species of Chaetomium from fresh mango leaves, which were collected from mango trees under commercial cultivation in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. Based on morphological comparisons and the results of phylogenetic analyses of concatenated LSU, ITS, rpb2, and tub2 sequence data, here we introduce a new species: Chaetomium hongheensis (KUNCC22-10764, 22-10750); and two new host records: C. cochliodes (KUNCC22-10741) and C. globosum (KUNCC22-10752) from mango leaves. The two new host records were frequently reported on various substrates in China previously. In addition, the new host and country record Chaetomium unguicola (KUNCC22-10758) is first reported in this study as a mango endophyte in China.
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New Pyrrolobenzoxazine Sesquiterpenoid Derivatives from the Fungus Talaromyces trachyspermus
(2021-07-13)
Chaiyosang, Boonyanoot
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Kanokmedhakul, Kwanjai
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Soytong, Kasem
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Poeaim, Supattra
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Soytong, Mayamor
Three new pyrrolobenzoxazine sesquiterpenoids, talatrachyoxazines A-C (1-3), together with fourteen known compounds (4-17), were isolated from the fungus Talaromyces trachyspermus EU23. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic evidence and mass spectrometry. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined by NOESY data and comparison of their calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 1 showed cytotoxic activity against HelaS3, KB, HT-29, MCF-7, and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 7, 11, 10, 12, and 10 μM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 14 showed weak antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, while 1-3 and 14 showed weak antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, compound 1 showed weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.

Soytong, Kasem

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