Soytong, Kasem

Preferred name

Soytong, Kasem

Alternative Name

Soytong, K.

kasem.so@kmitl.ac.th

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Microbial elicitors to induce immunity for plant disease control in chilli and tomato
(2014-03-01)
Soytong, Kasem
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Kanokmedhakul, Somdej
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Rattanacherdchai, Kanchalika
;
Charoenporn, Chamaiporn
The induced immunity in long cayenne pepper in terms of phytoalexin production using microbial elicitors as chaetoglobosin C from Chaetomium globosum, chaetomanone A from Chaetomium lucknowense, and trichotoxin A50 from Trichoderma harzianum PC01 was investigated in pot experiments. Stem inoculation of chilli plants with Colletotrichum capsici isolate C208 resulted in necrosis and accumulation of capsidiol, a phytoalexin. Stem inoculation of chilli plants resulted in different degrees of sensitivity to C. capsici, expressed as necrosis along the stems. The microbial elicitors chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A, and trichotoxin A50 induced an immunity response against C. capsici. Qualitative analysis of capsidiol accumulation in the upper part of the chilli plant was detected by thin-layer chromatography and showed that capsidiol had accumulated in the chilli plant at 5 and 10 days after treatment with the microbial elicitors, whereas no capsidiol was detected in the noninoculated and untreated plants. Chilli cultivation of long cayenne pepper in vivo was conducted by spraying chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A, and trichotoxin A50, and the findings were compared with cultivation using a chemical fungicide (difenoconazole). The results showed that application of each microbial elicitor reduced disease incidence by 42-55 % when compared with an inoculated control, whereas difenoconazole reduced disease incidence by 33 %. Additionally, the yield increased by 47-55 % when compared with the yield for the inoculated control. Chilli cultivation of long cayenne pepper in vivo using the biological fungicides Bio-CG from C. globosum N0802, Bio-CLT from C. lucknowense CLT, and Bio-T from T. harzianum PC01 resulted in reduction of disease incidence by 39-55 % when compared with the inoculated control, whereas difenoconazole reduced disease incidence by 33 %. Moreover, treatment with Bio-CG, Bio-CLT, and Bio-T increased the yield by 39-53 % when compared with yield for the inoculated control. Moreover, the bioactive compounds chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A, and trichotoxin A50 were used as microbial elicitors to elicit α-tomatine in tomato. α-Tomatine was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography after treatment with the bioactive compounds. Chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A, and trichotoxin A50 were sprayed onto inoculated tomato seedling variety Sida inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici NKSC01, and plant disease immunity and quantity of α-tomatine were assessed. The results revealed that plant disease immunity of tomato seedlings treated with chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A, and trichotoxin A50 at a concentration of 50 μg/ml after 10 days was 44.97, 35.18, and 39.43 %, respectively, whereas tomato seedlings treated with prochloraz that showed plant disease immunity of 29.95 %. The stems and leaves of tomato were extracted and spotted on thin-layer chromatography paper and produced a green spot with a retention factor of 0.23, the same as for a spot of standard α-tomatine. Tomato extracts were analyzed for α-tomatine by high-performance liquid chromatography. The α-tomatine quantification data were analyzed using a linear regression curve. Tomato treated with chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A, and trichotoxin A50 at 15 days expressed α-tomatine at levels of 207.87, 254.25, and 205.04 μg/g, levels which are significantly higher than those resulting from prochloraz and inoculation treatments, for which the quantities of α-tomatine were 131.56 and 77.46 μg/g, respectively. It is shown that the induction of α-tomatine by chaetoglobosin C, chaetomanone A, and trichotoxin A50 in tomato plants implies disease immunity against fusarium wilt of tomato variety Sida through phytoalexin production. The bioactive compounds were tested for their efficacies to control tomato wilt in vivo. The results revealed that all the bioactive compounds at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml could induce plant disease immunity in tomato between 53.80 and 65.15 %, which is significantly higher than the plant disease immunity induced by prochloraz, which was 26.73 %.
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Streptomyces sp. Mitigates Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses and Stimulates Plant Development
(2026-01-01)
Haggag, Wafaa Mohamed
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Gopikrishnan, Venugopal
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Soytong, Kasem
The increasing need of the population for food in limited agricultural land makes it necessary to increase crop production in an environmentally friendly manner. Approximately 20–40% of economic losses in agriculture are attributed to plant pathogens, which include biotic stressors such as fungal and bacterial infections, pests, weeds, and other agents that cause a variety of crop disorders. Abiotic stressors, such as high temperatures, drought, metal poisoning, and soil salinity, are severe constraints on crop productivity. Despite their high effectiveness and ease of use, agrochemicals pose a threat to the environment. A microbial consortium exists in the root zone, and this consortium of microorganisms can resist the impacts of biotic and environmental stresses on plants, resulting in sustainable agricultural productivity. To achieve sustainable crop productivity, rhizosphere and plant periphyton engineering, the best technology for enhancing crop production, requires the identification of a variety of microorganisms with different potentials. Beneficial microorganisms known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria reside close to plant roots and increase plant development. The gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces sp., often known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, can increase plant development and resistance to adverse climatic conditions. Streptomyces sp. is renowned for its ability to produce a wide range of antimicrobials, as well as a large number of secondary and physiologically active metabolites. These metabolites are necessary for plants to withstand environmental stresses and can also function as biological pesticides by triggering plant defense mechanisms against pathogen invasion. Furthermore, they have a strong ability to increase plant development. To reduce the negative effects of biotic and environmental pressures, as well as climate change, this study proposes novel applications of beneficial Streptomyces and their active second-generation metabolites in agriculture.
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Microbial Nanotechnology in Agricultural Applications
(2026-01-01)
Song, Jiaojiao
;
Soytong, Kasem
Nanotechnology has been developed for plant disease management, and many kinds of organic nanoparticles have been developed to induce the immunity of plants, such as plant vaccines. Natural products from Chaetomium lucknowense, Chaetomium brasiliense, Chaetomium cochliodes, Chaetomium cupreum, Chaetomium elatum, Chaetomium globosum, Chaetomium siamense, Emericella nidulans, Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma hamatum are reported to have antimicrobial activities against plant pathogens. In particular, Ch. siamense is a newly discovered and endophytic Chaetomium spp. that produces active metabolites. These active metabolites from Chaetomium spp., E. nidulans, T. harzianum, and T. hamatum are constructed as nanofibers for inducing plant disease immunity through phytoalexin production as nanoplant vaccines. The nanofibers are used as elicitors for the induction of immunity in plants that induce phytoalexin biosynthesis, for example, scopoletin and anthocyanidin against Phytophthora or Pythium rot and scoparone against Phytophthora or Pythium rot, capsidiol in chili against anthracnose, alpha-tomatine in tomato against Fusarium wilt, and sakuranetin and oryzalexin in rice plants against blast. The natural product nanoelicitors derived from Chaetomium spp., Emericella spp., and Trichoderma spp. help reduce disease incidence in plants.
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Chaetomium: Goldmine for Sustainable Agriculture
(2026-01-01)
Soytong, Kasem
;
Song, Jiaojiao
Chaetomium species are saprophytic fungi that are valuable resources for sustainable agriculture. It is found all over the world because it is durable and survives in living organisms in different climates. Chaetomium species are mostly ascomycete saprophytic fungi that survive well under stressful environmental conditions. This area has become one of the gold mines for sustainable agricultural production to maintain a balanced ecological system. The specific, potent isolates of Chaetomium were found to protect economic plants through disease, insect, and nematode control and to strongly produce cellulase to degrade organic materials in the fermentation process to increase soil nutrient fertility. All the discovered strains are recommended for acute and dermal toxicity, screening for agrochemical resistance and durability in different climates, including acidic or alkaline conditions, and growing in a wide range of temperature regimes. Research has revealed that Chaetomium species can be developed as biological fungicides, biological insecticides, biological nematicides, and natural active metabolites for plant disease control as well as biosensors for soil revitalization. These bioproducts can be used for sustainable agricultural development and maintain biological diversity in surrounding environments. Research on microbial products of Chaetomium species and other fungi for plant disease control has been conducted since 1989. After several years, 22 effective strains of Chaetomium were discovered and patented as broad-spectrum microbial fungicides, noted as Patent No. 6266, International Code: AO 1 N 25/12, and then registered as Ketomium® microbial fungicides in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam and as microbial fertilizers in P. R. China. Chaetomium as a microbial fungicide and microbial fertilizer can be applied in combination with integrated pest management (IPM). It has been shown to have pathogen and disease suppressive, curative, and protective effects to control plant diseases. It is strongly recommended to prove acute and dermal toxicity, agrochemical resistance screening, acidity or alkaline conditions, and temperature regimes before developing microbial fungicides and microbial fertilizers. Chaetomium spp. are distributed worldwide and survive well under stress conditions. It serves as a natural goldmine for sustainability to maintain and revitalize the environment and preserve the natural and ecological balance in nature. Chaetomium species are broad habitats in soil, water, and endophytes with various biological properties of antagonists of phytopathogens, some insects, plant parasitic nematodes, and human pathogens, as well as the production of active metabolites, enzymes, etc.
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Innovation in Microbial Biotechnology for Organic Agriculture
(2026-01-01)
Soytong, Kasem
;
Song, Jiaojiao
Organic agriculture has expanded in many countries to encourage the consumption of safe food for human health and to rejuvenate agroecosystems in the surrounding environment. Agricultural inputs for organic agriculture must be based on scientific investigations, as bioproducts can be substituted for agrochemicals, leading to modern organic agriculture. Microbial biotechnology in agriculture has attracted increasing attention as an important strategy for developmental sustainability. The innovation of this research is the identification of new effective microbes for microbial fermentation, plant growth promotion, disease control, insect protection, and weed control, including integrated management, which can contribute to modern organic agriculture toward sustainable development goals (SDGs). Agricultural inputs for organic agriculture are key for crop and animal productivity and can be used as substitutes for agrochemicals, resulting in equal yields in terms of quality and quantity. Modern organic agriculture has been proposed as an improvement over traditional organic agriculture. Organic certification is required for organic products and foods to ensure that they are free from toxic agrochemicals and harmful human pathogens such as Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli, and that they contain low levels of nitrates and heavy metals. Based on scientific findings, the use of agricultural inputs such as microbial decomposers, microbial fertilizers, microbial fungicides, microbial insecticides, and microbes for heavy metal remediation is proposed to support successful organic production of vegetables, fruits, and other crops in compliance with organic certification standards.
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Translational Value of Natural Pigments with Reference to Healthcare and Cosmetic Applications
(2024-01-01)
Saravanan, Tamil Selvam
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Gopikrishnan, Venugopal
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Manikkam, Radhakrishnan
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Kaari, Manigundan
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Annamalai, Kishore Kumar
The natural pigments have reported to be using in a wide range of industries, agriculture, textiles, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food. They have become a necessary component of our daily safety life. Synthetic dyes can be harmful impacts to human being as consumer and worker’s health as well as negatively affect to the environment. Numerous natural pigments are recognised as intriguing bioactive substances with feasible safety health advantages. Plants and microbes are discovered to be the main suppliers as natural pigments which various application for these natural products. Recently, the use of natural pigments in the food industry has increased in many areas, including pharmacology, toxicology, textile, and printing industries, as well as food, dairy, and fish industries. The amount of food waste produced has significantly increased as a result of the current surge in industrial food production, particularly the leftovers of fruits and vegetables which are a good source of natural colours including anthocyanins, betalains, carotenoids, and chlorophyll which have both decorative and medicinal effects. Therefore, it is crucial for both economic and environmental reasons to recover the natural pigments from food waste. The cost-effective production would be appreciated and investigated would be overshadowed by the advantages for people. The research findings must be investigated to develop the readily available, non-toxic, environmentally responsible, affordable, and biodegradable pigments for multipurpose application and especially for food security and safety.

Soytong, Kasem

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