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    Preparation of pH Sensor Based on Extended-Gate Field-Effect Transistor with Spinel ZnCo2O4 Thin Films by Electrostatic Spray Deposition
    (2023-12-01)
    Keawkusonwiwat, S.
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    Electrostatic spray deposition was applied to prepare pH sensing with spinel ZnCO<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> thin films based on the measurement of extended-gate field-effect transistors (EGFET). The influence of annealing temperatures on the characteristics of the prepared films was analyzed. The structural and morphological properties of the annealed ZnCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> films were assessed by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurement. The effect of the ZnCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> annealing temperature on the characteristics of pH sensing for the prepared ZnCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> films in EGFET measurement were examined with pH buffer solutions in a pH range of 2–12 at room temperature. The sensing films annealed at 550°C demonstrated a high voltage and current sensitivity at 67.6 mV/pH and 1.033 (µA)<sup>½</sup>/pH, with linearity values of 0.9968 and 0.9991, respectively. Moreover, the annealed 550°C ZnCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> film exhibited low hysteresis at 4.99 mV and high retention stability. The results revealed that the pH sensing of the ZnCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> EGFET device showed a super-Nernstian sensitivity, which indicated the influence of the surface properties of the annealed film. Therefore, the ZnCo<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> film should be considered a potential option for the pH sensing layer in EGFET applications.
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    Multilevel conductance switching and carrier transport mechanisms of memory devices based on an ITO/PVK:Ag nanoparticles/Al structure
    Multilevel conductance switching was achieved using silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) embedded in poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) with a structure of ITO/PVK:Ag NPs/Al. The current-voltage (I-V) curves of the memory devices at low reading voltages showed three distinguished states of current. The memory devices exhibited non-volatile rewritable memory characteristics. The carrier transport mechanisms of the devices in each state were analyzed by theoretical models based on the experimental I-V data. In addition, retention time measurements showed clearly three current states with good data retention properties. From the retention times test, the average values of ON/OFF, ON/intermediate (INTERM) and INTERM/OFF current ratios of the memory devices were 1.7 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 3.5 × 10<sup>2</sup> and 5.0 × 10<sup>3</sup>, respectively.
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    Preparation of Conductive Screen-Printing Ink for High-Performance Bendable and Wearable ECG Electrodes on Fabric Substrates
    (2022-12-15)
    Chansaengsri, Kasidid
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    Monitoring of vital signs is a necessary tool to diagnose the symptoms of illness. This work developed screen-printing inks for conductive nanomaterials to fabricate electrocardiogram (ECG)-compatible fabric electrodes. The contents of the polymer matrix, calcium carbonate additive filler, and conductive nanomaterials (silver nanoparticles and copper nanowires) on the resistivity of the composite inks were optimized. A facile process of screen printing was applied to fabricate the electrodes on fabric to create an efficient conductor with high stability in conduction. The fabricated electrodes exhibited flexible and bendable behavior over 0.7% bending strain for wearable components. The results showed that the fabricated electrode based on copper nanowires resistivity was 40.01 ± 1.94 k Ω/cm, and the proposed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was approximately 27.16 ± 9.37 dB. Therefore, these fabricated electrodes can be applied in wearable vital biosignal detection devices that perform with high sensitivity during movement, thereby providing health monitoring opportunities. Moreover, the fabricated electrodes can be used without excessive pressure or an electrolyte gel layer, thus overcoming the challenges of developing a portable device.
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    Transparent write-once-read-many-times memory devices based on an ITO/EVA:rGO/ITO structure
    (2018-10-01)
    Songkeaw, P.
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    Fully transparent electronic devices play an important role in electronic applications. Well-known examples are the wearable devices and transparent displays; their applications are transparent memory devices of interest. The transparent write-once-read-many-times (WORM) memory devices based on synthesized graphene oxide (GO) blended in poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) had been fabricated by a thermal roll lamination technique in which the synthesized GO inside the EVA matrix was reduced into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) during the lamination process. The memory devices exhibited an optical transmittance of more than 60% in the visible light region. The conduction mechanisms of the memory devices were identified using theoretical models based on the current–voltage (I–V) curves. The fitted I–V results were described by the conductive filaments in which electrons were transported through the rGO direct contacts. In addition, the maximum ON/OFF current ratio of the transparent WORM memory device was approximately 5 × 10<sup>5</sup>, and the retention time tests showed two current states with good data retention properties under different temperatures.
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    A humidity sensor based on silver nanoparticles thin film prepared by electrostatic spray deposition process
    In this work, thin film of silver nanoparticles for humidity sensor application was deposited by electrostatic spray deposition technique. The influence of the deposition times on properties of films was studied. The crystal structures of sample films, their surface morphology, and optical properties have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and UV-VIS spectrophotometer, respectively. The crystalline structure of silver nanoparticles thin film was found in the orientation of (100) and (200) planes of cubic structure at diffraction angles 2θ = 38.2° and 44.3°, respectively. Moreover, the silver nanoparticles thin films humidity sensor was fabricated onto the interdigitated electrodes. The sensor exhibited the humidity adsorption and desorption properties. The sensing mechanisms of the device were also elucidated by complex impedance analysis. © 2013 Thutiyaporn Thiwawong et al.
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    Selective electrochemical determination based on magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for albumin detection
    (2022-06-01)
    Leepheng, Piyawan
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    Limthin, Dalawan
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    Egg allergy is one of the most common allergies in humans. Allergenic egg protein as ovalbumin is the most abundant protein found in egg white. A selective electrode in electrochemical analysis for albumin from egg white was developed based on magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (albumin-MMIPs) modified on a screen-printed electrode. Surface modification was applied using methyl methacrylate polymer to create surface specificity for albumin protein. The modified surface was characterized by a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The average pore size was obtained by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and the potentiostat obtained all electrochemical analysis. The albumin-MMIP electrode was selectivity with albumin, comparison with gluten, glycine, casein, and glucose. The modified electrodes present selectivity of 1.13 × 104 μAg-1ml and a limit of detection of 0.18 mg ml-1. The electrode can be applied to albumin protein detection in solution form in food industries.
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    Enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of salbutamol detection using reduced graphene oxide combined with molecularly imprinted polymers (RGO/MIP)
    (2022-06-01)
    Limthin, Dalawan
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    Leepheng, Piyawan
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    Klamchuen, Annop
    In this study, to enhance the selectivity and sensitivity of salbutamol detection performed by a carbon plate electrode, the electrode was modified using a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) combined with reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The RGO/MIP combination was prepared by the polymerization of methacrylic acid as a monomer using salbutamol as a template. The surface morphologies of the modified electrodes were studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and their performance was tested by an electrochemical technique that investigated both the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry (AMP) modes. The performance of the modified RGO/MIP electrode was compared with that of an MIP electrode, in which the RGO/MIP electrode was demonstrated to have 4.16 nA/ppm of sensitivity, more than the 0.91 nA/ppm of the MIP electrode. The limit of detection (LOD) of the RGO/MIP electrode, which was 0.83 ppm, was lower than that of the MIP electrode. Moreover, the RGO/MIP electrode’s dynamic range extended from 1 to 1000 ppm, and it exhibited consistency, repeatability, a fast response, and high selectivity for salbutamol detection.
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    Electrical Bistable Properties of P-25 TiO2 Nanoparticles Composited with PVP for Memory Devices
    (2019-10-01)
    Ukakimaparn, P.
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    Chantarawong, D.
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    Songkeaw, P.
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    In this work, P-25 titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs) were composited with poly-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at various concentrations of TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs. The bistable memory devices were fabricated by spin coating from a prepared PVP:TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs solution on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes with the device structure of ITO/PVP:TiO<inf>2</inf> NPs/Al. The maximum ON/OFF current ratio of the bistable memory devices was approximately 10<sup>5</sup> at a reading voltage of +1 V. The mechanism of the memory device can be expressed by theoretical fitting between the experimental results and conduction models. Moreover, a retention time test for continuous read operations of the device is presented.
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    Electrical properties and switching mechanisms of flexible organic-inorganic bistable devices
    The electrical properties of flexible organic-inorganic bistable devices fabricated with aluminum (Al) sandwiched between tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq<inf>3</inf>) and zinc selenide (ZnSe) layers were investigated. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements were conducted under conditions before, during, and after bending while changing the bending distance of the base plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) systematically. The maximum ON/OFF current ratios of the flexible bistable devices at flat and bent conditions were approximately 2.7×10<sup>4</sup> and 1.9×10<sup>4</sup>, respectively. The conduction mechanisms in both ON and OFF states were analyzed by a theoretical model. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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    Electrical Properties of Eggshell-Derived CaO Composited with Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Bistable Device
    (2022-01-01) ; ;
    Songkeaw, Potiyan
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    Sriyapan, Jaturon
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    In this work, bistable devices were fabricated from eggshell-derived calcium oxide (CaO). CaO powders can be obtained from the calcination of chicken eggshells at temperatures from 700-1000 °C. The properties of derived CaO were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. CaO was composited with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer to fabricate a bistable device with the device structure of ITO/PVP:CaO/Al. The maximum ON/OFF current ratio for the device was approximately 10<sup>4</sup>. In addition, the retention time operations reached higher than 10<sup>4</sup> s, which revealed the stability of the bistable device. The theoretical model and conduction mechanisms were presented to explain the behavior of the bistable device.