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    Synthesis of electronically tunable multifunction biquad filter using voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifiers
    (2025-02-01)
    Bunrueangsak, Sirigul
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    Biquad filters are commonly used in analog circuits for various purposes in signal processing and communication applications. We synthesize an analog active biquad filter with five types of voltage-mode filtering functions. The filter is synthesized using a parallel passive resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) network and unity-gain voltage differencing amplifier. A voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VD-DIBA) is the main active component, and the biquad filter has a three-input single-output (TISO) topology. By replacing the passive inductor and resistor with VD-DIBA-based inductance and resistance simulators with a subtractor, the TISO voltage-mode versatile filter is obtained from two VD-DIBAs, one resistor, and two capacitors connected to the ground. The proposed filter can provide five types of voltage-mode filtering functions: inverting bandpass and lowpass responses as well as noninverting band-stop, high-pass, and all-pass responses. The all-pass filter requires no additional active components. The three input voltage nodes have high impedance, and a low-impedance output voltage node facilitates cascade connections without using additional voltage buffers. In addition, the natural frequency and quality factor can be electronically tuned. The quality factor is controlled without disturbing the passband gain and natural frequency. The proposed filter is simulated and verified experimentally in the Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (PSPICE) and through laboratory tests employing VD-DIBAs implemented using commercially available components.
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    Single Active Element Based Electronically Controllable Capacitance Multiplier
    (2022-07-15) ;
    Huaihongthong, Pintira
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    ; ;
    The realization of capacitance multiplier using the versatile active building block, namely voltage differencing differential difference amplifier (VDDDA) is presented in this paper. The realized capacitance multiplier is very simple consisting of one VDDDA, one MOS resistor (RM) and one grounded capacitor which is attractive for integration. The multiplication factor (KC) of the realized circuit can be electronically controlled via the bias current (IB) and control voltage (VC) without the need of any matching condition of active and passive element. Moreover, the multiplication factor can be adjusted to be more or less than one. The performances of the presented capacitance multiplier are verified through Pspice simulation using CMOS VDDDA in 0.18μm TSMC technology with ±0.9V power supplies. The multiplication factor is designed to be KC=2 by choosing VC=0.85V, IB=50μA and C=30 pF. The simulated multiplication factor is around 1.98. The simulated operational frequency range is around three decades (6.16 kHz-8.91MHz). The performances of the proposed circuit are also verified by the experiment using VDDDA implemented from the commercial ICs, AD830 and LM13700 with ±5V power supplies. The experiment is conducted under the same multiplication factor (KC=2) as the simulation by choosing RM=0.27 kω (1% passive resistor), IB=96.2μA and C=1nF. The experimental multiplication factor is around 2.06. The experimental operational frequency range is around three decades (1kHz-1.25MHz). By adjusting the bias current from 17.67μA to 400 μA, the experimental multiplication factor is controllable from 11.47 to 0.48. The percent deviation of the theoretical and experimental multiplication factor is lower than 5% when the value of bias current is greater than 39μA. These deviations stem from the effect of the parasitic capacitance and resistance in VDDDA. Moreover, the application example of the presented capacitance multiplier as the sinusoidal oscillator is presented. The performances of the presented oscillator verified via the experiment are well consistent with theoretical anticipation.
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    Current-mode variable current gain first-order allpass filter employing CFTAs
    (2013-01-01)
    Iamarejin, Anirut
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    Maneewan, Suwat
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    In this study, a current-mode first order allpass filter using current follower transconductance amplifiers (CFTAs) is proposed. The features of the circuit are that: the pole frequency, phase response and current gain can be electronically controlled via the input bias current: the circuit description is very simple, consisting of 2 CFTAs, 1 resistor and 1 grounded capacitor, without any component matching requirements. Consequently, the proposed circuit is very appropriate to further develop into an integrated circuit. Low input and high output impedances of the proposed configuration enable the circuit to be cascaded in current-mode without additional current buffers. The PSpice simulation results are depicted. The given results agree well with the theoretical anticipation.
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    Electronically tunable voltage-mode SIMO OTA-C universal biquad filter
    (2011-12-01) ; ;
    Dejhan, Kobchai
    This paper presents a new voltage-mode biquad filter with single-input multiple-output (SIMO) based on single-ended operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and grounded capacitors. The proposed filter can provide lowpass, bandpass, highpass, bandstop and allpass voltage characteristics. The natural frequency can also be tuned electronically by adjusting the transconductance values of OTAs. The filter still enjoys no requirement with the component choice conditions and no requirement with the inverting-type input signal to realize specific filtering functions, high input impedance, and low active and passive sensitivities. PSPICE simulation results are provided to demonstrate the theoretical analysis. © 2011 IEEE.
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    Electronically and orthogonally tunable sito voltage-mode multifunction biquad filter using lt1228s
    (2021-10-27)
    Wai, May Phu Pwint
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    The commercially available IC LT1228 is an interesting active device due to its advantage features, such as a fast transconductance amplifier, a wide bandwidth over a wide range of voltage gain, low total harmonic distortion (THD), high impedance differential input, etc. The single-input triple-output (SITO) voltage-mode (VM) multifunction biquadratic filters using ICs, LT1228s are introduced in this research. This circuit design provides the three-filtering functions, low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP), and band-pass (BP), without changing the circuit architecture. It comprises three LT1228s, four resistors, and two capacitors connected to the ground. The low impedance voltage output nodes are HP and BP responses. The quality factor (Q) and the pole frequency (ω0) can be electronically and orthogonally tuned by altering the third LT1228's bias current (IB). The PSPICE simulation and the experiment are verified to describe the circuit operation.
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    Single commercially available ic-based electronically controllable voltage-mode first-order multifunction filter with complete standard functions and low output impedance
    (2021-11-01) ;
    Buakhong, Unchittha
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    Khateb, Fabian
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    Sotner, Roman
    This paper presents the design of a voltage-mode three-input single-output multifunction first-order filter employing commercially available LT1228 IC for easy verification of the proposed circuit by laboratory measurements. The proposed filter is very simple, consisting of a single LT1228 as an active device with two resistors and one capacitor. The output voltage node is low impedance, resulting in an easy cascade-ability with other voltage-mode configurations. The proposed filter provides four filter responses: low-pass filter (LP), high-pass filter (HP), inverting all-pass filter (AP−), and non-inverting all-pass filter (AP+) in the same circuit configuration. The selection of output filter responses can be conducted without additional inverting or double gains, which is easy to be controlled by the digital method. The control of pole frequency and phase response can be conducted electronically through the bias current (I<inf>B</inf>). The matching condition during tuning the phase response with constant voltage gain is not required. Moreover, the pass-band voltage gain of the LP and HP functions can be controlled by adjusting the value of resistors without affecting the pole frequency and phase response. Additionally, the phase responses of the AP filters can be selected as both lagging or leading phase responses. The parasitic effects on the filtering performances were also analyzed and studied. The performances of the proposed filter were simulated and experimented with a ±5 V voltage supply. For the AP+ experimental result, the leading phase response for 1 kHz to 1 MHz frequency changed from 180 to 0 degrees. For the AP− experimental result, the lagging phase response for 1 kHz to 1 MHz frequency changed from 0 to −180 degrees. The design of the quadrature oscillator based on the proposed first-order filter is also included as an application example.
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    A new quadrature sinusoidal oscillator for telecommunication system using VDDDAs
    A CMOS voltage differencing differential difference amplifiers (VDDDAs) based voltage-mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator is proposed. The proposed oscillator is based on the two integrator loop configuration with amplifier wherein the frequency of oscillation (FO) is tuned by the time constant of two integrator and the condition of oscillation (CO) is tuned by gain of amplifier. It is constructed from two VDDDAs, two resistors, and two grounded capacitors. With this structure, it is attractive to develop in monolithic chip. The tuning of frequency of oscillation can be electronically done without affecting the condition of oscillation. Also, the condition of oscillation can be adjusted by external resistor without affecting to frequency of oscillation. The simulation results have been demonstrated and discussed using parameters of 0.18um TSMC CMOS technology and +0.9V power supply voltages.
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    A New Method to Synthesise the Sinusoidal Oscillator Based on Series Negative Resistance-Capacitance and its Implementation Using a Single Commercial IC, LT1228
    (2023-01-01)
    Kulapong, Worawut
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    Sotner, Roman
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    An alternative method for synthesising the sinusoidal oscillator based on series negative resistance-capacitance is presented in this paper. The proposed topology is constructed with the series negative resistance-capacitance circuit connected in parallel with a grounded resistor and capacitor. To validate the proposed method, a new grounded series negative resistance-capacitance simulator is also proposed as a subcircuit for synthesising the sinusoidal oscillator. The series negative resistance-capacitance simulator is based on a commercially available integrated circuit (IC), LT1228. The equivalent negative resistance and equivalent negative capacitance can be adjusted electronically using an external DC bias current. The sinusoidal oscillator that is synthesised using the proposed method consists of a single LT1228, two capacitors, and three resistors. The frequency and the condition of the oscillation are orthogonally adjusted. Also, the condition of oscillation is electronically controlled. The amplitude of the sinusoidal waveform is adjustable. In addition, the output voltage node of the proposed oscillator has a low impedance, which allows it to connect to other circuits without using an additional buffer. Both PSPICE simulation and experiment are used to validate the proposed circuits.
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    Electronically tunable voltage-mode universal filter with single-input five-output using simple OTAs
    (2013-08-01) ; ;
    Dejhan, Kobchai
    This article presents a new electronically tunable voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with single-input five-output using simple operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and grounded capacitors. The proposed configuration provides low-pass, band-pass, high-pass, band-stop and all-pass voltage responses at a high-impedance input terminal that enables easy cascading in voltage-mode. The natural frequency and the quality factor can be set orthogonally by adjusting the circuit components. The natural frequency can also be controlled electronically by adjusting the bias currents of the OTAs. For realising all the five standard filtering functions, no critical-matching conditions are imposed and all the incremental parameter sensitivities are low. Experimental and simulation results that confirm the theoretical predictions are given. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.