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    Synthesis of electronically tunable multifunction biquad filter using voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifiers
    (2025-02-01)
    Bunrueangsak, Sirigul
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    ; ; ;
    Biquad filters are commonly used in analog circuits for various purposes in signal processing and communication applications. We synthesize an analog active biquad filter with five types of voltage-mode filtering functions. The filter is synthesized using a parallel passive resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) network and unity-gain voltage differencing amplifier. A voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VD-DIBA) is the main active component, and the biquad filter has a three-input single-output (TISO) topology. By replacing the passive inductor and resistor with VD-DIBA-based inductance and resistance simulators with a subtractor, the TISO voltage-mode versatile filter is obtained from two VD-DIBAs, one resistor, and two capacitors connected to the ground. The proposed filter can provide five types of voltage-mode filtering functions: inverting bandpass and lowpass responses as well as noninverting band-stop, high-pass, and all-pass responses. The all-pass filter requires no additional active components. The three input voltage nodes have high impedance, and a low-impedance output voltage node facilitates cascade connections without using additional voltage buffers. In addition, the natural frequency and quality factor can be electronically tuned. The quality factor is controlled without disturbing the passband gain and natural frequency. The proposed filter is simulated and verified experimentally in the Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (PSPICE) and through laboratory tests employing VD-DIBAs implemented using commercially available components.
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    Reconfigurable Voltage-Mode First-Order Multifunction Filter Employing Second-Generation Voltage Conveyor (VCII) With Complete Standard Functions and Electronically Controllable Modification
    (2023-01-01) ;
    Sangyaem, Surasak
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    Khateb, Fabian
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    Minaei, Shahram
    In this contribution, the realization of a first-order, two-input, single-output voltage-mode multifunction filter employing a second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) is described. The proposed first-order versatile filter is extremely simple, composed of a single VCII and three passive devices. Because of its low output impedance, the output voltage node can be easily cascaded with other voltage-mode configurations without the requirement of any buffers. In the same circuit topology, the proposed first-order filter provides various filtering functions: inverting and non-inverting low-pass (LPF), inverting and non-inverting high-pass (HPF), as well as inverting and non-inverting all-pass (APF). The digital method allows the selection of output first-order filtering functions without the need for additional circuits such as inverting or double-gain amplifiers. Furthermore, the pass-band gain of the low-pass and high-pass responses can be adjusted by varying the resistance or capacitance values without influencing the pole frequency as well as the phase response. The influence of VCII's current/voltage gain errors and parasitic elements on filtering performance is also investigated. Moreover, the modification of the proposed lagging phase all-pass filter to achieve electronic controllability is also proposed by replacing the passive resistor with the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The 0.18μm TSMC CMOS structure of the VCII employed in the proposed filter operates in the subthreshold region and utilizes the bulk-driven technique (BD), enabling it to operate with 0.4V supply voltage and consuming 383 nW of power. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the LPF with an applied input voltage Vinpp=300 mV @ 50Hz is -49.5 dB. An application example as a quadrature sinusoidal oscillator realized from the proposed first-order allpass filter and lossless integrator is also included. The performance of the proposed reconfigurable voltage-mode first-order filter is simulated and experimentally tested using a commercially available AD844 IC-based VCII with ±5 V power supply.
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    Single Commercially Available Integrated Circuit-based Sinusoidal Oscillators with Amplitude Adjustability and Electronic Control of Condition
    (2024-09-01)
    Duangkaew, Suleeporn
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    Siripruchyanun, Montree
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    Sotner, Roman
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    This paper presents four new sinusoidal oscillators using a commercially available integrated circuit (IC). The proposed circuits are simple topologies that employ a single commercial IC, LT1228. It is connected to passive element, consisting of four resistors and two capacitors. All derived oscillator circuits have low output impedance, allowing them to connect to other circuits without requiring an additional buffer. Using an active LT1228 device enables electronic adjustment of parameters in the proposed circuits. A feedback resistor can be used to change the output signal's amplitude without affecting the oscillation's frequency or condition. We performed both simulations using the PSPICE program and experiments to confirm the accuracy of all proposed oscillator circuits. The best total harmonic distortion was 0.13% for the proposed oscillator circuit 3. Adjusting the maximum amplitude using a resistor provides a gain of roughly 1.5–16.5 dB for the proposed oscillator circuit no. 1.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Design of Electronically Controllable Multifunction Active Filter with Amplitude Controllability Using Two Commercially Available ICs
    (2022-01-01)
    Onanong, Narumol
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    Angamnuaysiri, Daungkamol
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    In this contribution, the design and analysis of an active multifunction biquad filter that provides five voltage-mode filtering configurations in the same core filtering circuit are presented. The design emphasizes using the commercially available ICs, LT1228, which are easy for off-the-shelf implementation and cheaper compared with the chip implementation. The proposed multifunction filter is realized from two commercial LT1228 ICs as the active function block, combined with five passive elements (three resistors and two capacitors) with three input voltage nodes and a single output voltage node. The following advantages are given for this design: (i) it provides high-pass (HP), low-pass (LP), band-stop (BS), band-pass (BP), and all-pass (AP) filtering functions; (ii) orthogonal and electronic tuning of the natural frequency ω0 and bandwidth (the quality factor: Q); (iii) output voltage node of the proposed circuit is low impedance; (iv) passband voltage gain is controllable; and (v) matching condition and extra double gain voltage-mode amplifier are not required. The effect of the parasitic element in LT1228 on the filter performance is analyzed and included to strengthen the design idea. The PSpice simulation results using LT1228 with ±5 V and the experimental results tested from the hardware implementation are given to prove the validity of the designed multifunction filter.
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    Inductance simulators and their application to the 4th order elliptic lowpass ladder filter using cmos vd-dibas
    (2021-03-02) ;
    Bunrueangsak, Sirigul
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    Khateb, Fabian
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    Kulej, Tomasz
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    This paper presents inductance simulators using the voltage differencing differential input buffered amplifier (VD-DIBA) as an active building block. Three types of inductance simulators, including floating lossless inductance, series inductance-resistance, and parallel inductance-resistance simulators, are proposed, in addition to their application to the 4th order elliptic lowpass ladder filter. The simple design procedures of these inductance simulators using a circuit block diagram are also given. The proposed inductance simulators employ two VD-DIBAs and two passive elements. The complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) VD-DIBA used in this design utilizes the multiple-input metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistor technique in order to achieve a compact and simple structure with a minimum count of transistors. Thanks to this technique, the VD-DIBA offers high performances compared to the other CMOS structures presented in the literature. The CMOS VD-DIBAs and their applications are designed and simulated in the Cadence environment using a 0.18 µm CMOS process from Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company (TSMC). Using a supply voltage of ±0.9 V, the linear operation of VD-DIBA is obtained over a differential input range of −0.5 V to 0.5 V. The lowpass (LP) ladder filter realized with the proposed inductance simulators shows a dynamic range (DR) of 80 dB for a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 2% at 1 kHz and a 1.8 V peak-to-peak output. In addition, the experimental results of the floating inductance simulators and their applications are obtained by using VD-DIBA constructed from the available commercial components LM13700 and AD830. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental ones, confirming the advantages of the inductance simulators and their application.
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    Item type:Publication,
    AWC 708C Laser Cutting Manual Learning Set
    (2020-09-23)
    Sae-Jeng, Wasin
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    ; ;
    This research paper presents AWC 708C laser cutting manual learning set. It is a learning set which is relevant to high school courses and taught in a module (namely 30291 Creativity and Innovation). The researchers have developed a combination between the augmented reality technology and the AWC708C laser cutting learning kit to make them more attractive and reduce danger to users by adding additional security systems to the device. Also, it includes teaching how to use the machine through a designed worksheet to accompany with an augmented reality technology which is intended to be suitable for high school students in grade 10 (Mathayomsuksa 4). The results of this research found that overall quality of the AWC 708C laser cutting learning kit is in good quality level with average of 4.48±0.58. Outstanding results from an overall quality assessment are the convenience in preparing the equipment and the simple method of using the machine. Also, the quality level of the worksheet is in good quality level with average of 4.24±0.66. In addition, it was found that the results of the evaluation on satisfaction with the AWC 708C laser cutting machine learning kit is in very good level with average of 4.77±0.42. From the comparison of academic achievement between before and after using the learning set analyzed by t-test, it is found that the pre and post test scores of the sample groups had an average score of 5.50 and 8.96, respectively. From t distribution table which has df = 23, confidence value at 0.05 level with t = 2.707, the analysis result is 15.37 higher than the t distribution table. It is implied that the results of the pre-test achievement were different from the post-test achievement scores with significance level of 0.05. From the research hypothesis, it is found that those who studied with AWC708C laser cutting manual learning set had academic achievement after studied higher than before, according to the assumptions. Hence, in this research it can be concluded that the quality of the AWC 708C laser cutting machine learning kit can be increased.
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    Item type:Publication,
    A voltage-mode three-input one-output multifunction filter using single FDCCII
    This paper presents a new three-input one-output voltage-mode multifunction filter using one fully differential current conveyor as an active element, and two capacitors, three resistors as passive components. The use of only one single active device is the main advantage of this paper. The proposed circuit provides high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, band-stop and all-pass voltage responses into a single topology. The natural frequency and the quality factor of the filter can be controlled by setting the value of passive components. The filter is absent from the inverting-type input signal requirement for realizing all filtering functions and also low passive sensitivity. The characteristics of the proposed filter are verified by PSPICE simulators.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Single-input multiple-output voltage-mode shadow filter based on VDDDAs
    This paper presents a voltage-mode shadow filter with single-input multiple-output (SIMO) configuration using voltage differencing differential difference amplifiers (VDDDAs). In this design, the low-pass and high-pass output functions of the single-input three-output second order filter are feedback via the voltage amplifier. The proposed filter consists of three VDDDAs, one grounded resistor and two grounded passive elements. The proposed filter uses grounded elements which is attractive for integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. It can simultaneously provide low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP), band-pass (BP), band-reject (BR) and all-pass (AP) responses without matching condition. The proposed circuit has high input impedance. The natural frequency (ω <inf>0</inf> ) and quality factor (Q) can be independently and electronically tuned by changing the external DC bias currents. The effect of the non-ideal and parasitic elements of the VDDDA is studied and investigated. The PSpice simulation and experimental results using CMOS technology and commercially available active devices are given to confirm the workability of the proposed filter.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Cascadable independently and electronically tunable voltage-mode universal filter with grounded passive components
    (2018-02-01) ; ;
    Sangyaem, Surasak
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    Khateb, Fabian
    In this paper, the voltage-mode universal filter employing the active building block, called voltage differencing differential difference amplifier (VDDDA) is introduced. The proposed circuit configuration has single output voltage node and five input voltage nodes. All input voltage nodes exhibit high impedance with low output impedance of the output voltage node, which is completely cascaded without the use of any external voltage buffer. The proposed filter realizes bandpass (BP), lowpass (LP), highpass (HP), allpass (AP) and bandstop (BS) filtering functions with using the same circuit topology. The output filtering response function can be obtained by appropriately applying input voltage without any matching condition. The control of the natural frequency and the quality factor can be done electronically and independently. The proposed circuit comprises three VDDDAs, two grounded capacitors and single grounded resistor. The workability of the proposed filter is investigated via PSpice simulation program and experimental results. The results agree well with theoretical anticipations.
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    Design of low input and high output impedance current-mode biquad filter using CDTAs with independent control of quality factor and pole frequency
    (2013-12-31)
    Sattanaco, Somsak
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    Jaikhang, Wipobh
    In this study, a single-input multiple-outputs current-mode analog biquadratic filter, based on current differencing transconducatance amplifier (CDTA) is presented. The proposed filter uses two CDTAs, one resistor and two grounded capacitors, which is well suited for integrated circuit implementation. The circuit simultaneously gives 3 standard transfer functions, namely, lowpass, highpass and bandpass filters with independent control of quality factor and pole frequency by electronic method. By summing of I<inf>HP</inf> and I<inf>LP</inf>, the notch filter can be also achieved. Moreover, the circuit possesses low input and high output impedance which would be an ideal choice for current-mode cascading. The PSPICE simulation results are included verifying the workability of the proposed filter. The given results agree well with the theoretical anticipation. © 2013 IEEE.