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    Ultrasonically synthesized core-shell Au/Pt nanoparticles decorated g-C3N4heterostructures for enhanced sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of aflatoxin B1 in domestic wastewater
    (2025-10-01) ;
    Peensuwan, Natthakan
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    Paiboonbudsrakum, Tanyapat
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    Chiangthap, Tanawan
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    Chinnawat, Sirinyakorn
    The discharge of domestic wastewater from washing agricultural products contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), even at low concentrations, poses significant risks to food chain integrity and public health. Core-shell Au/Pt nanoparticles anchored on a g-C3N4 heterostructure (Au-PtNPs/g-C3N4) were developed as a highly promising photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of AFB1 in domestic wastewater treatment applications. Herein, core-shell Au-PtNPs were synthesized via a straightforward one-step chemical reduction method assisted by ultrasonic irradiation. The core-shell Au-PtNPs (46.52±0.15nm) were uniformly anchored onto the g-C3N4 nanosheets via hydrogen bonding during ultrasonic dispersion. The Au-PtNPs/g-C3N4 composites were systematically characterized and evaluated for AFB1 photodegradation. Complete removal of AFB1 (50μgL-1) was accomplished within just 1min under natural sunlight using 0.50mg of catalyst at pH 7.0, demonstrating a 6.7-fold enhancement over pristine g-C3N4. Mechanistic investigations confirmed that the AuNPs core induced a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect that broadened visible-light absorption, while the PtNPs shell served as an efficient electron sink, facilitating charge separation. Simultaneously, the g-C3N4 nanosheets functioned as a visible-light-responsive photoactive scaffold, promoting effective charge generation and directional migration across the heterojunction interface. These synergistic effects were validated by diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photoluminescence quenching, and Mott-Schottky analysis. The combined enhancements significantly promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species (•O-2, •OH and h∗), driving the efficient photodegradation of AFB1. Thus, the Au-PtNPs/g-C3N4 photocatalyst provides a promising, sunlight-driven strategy for AFB1 detoxification in real wastewater from domestic, agricultural and food industry sources.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Smartphone RGB camera-based colorimetric platform with double-layer spherical Ca (II)-alginate/ZnONPs hydrogel liquid-core curcumin emulsion for rapid and selective detection of pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) in functional beverages
    (2025-08-01)
    Chinnawat, Sirinyakorn
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    ;
    Lerdpiriyaskulkij, Natee
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    ;
    A portable smartphone-based RGB colorimetric sensor was developed for the quantitative detection of pyridoxine (vitamin B6, VB-6) in functional beverages, employing a novel core–shell hydrogel probe (CUR<inf>Hydrogel</inf>), engineered with a calcium alginate matrix encapsulating a liquid-phase curcumin emulsion and externally layered by poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)-functionalized ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs/PDADMAC). The CUR<inf>Hydrogel</inf> spheres were fabricated via a molecular self-assembly reverse spherification and demonstrated high mechanical stability (stiffness: 6.45 × 10<sup>4</sup> N/m, compressive strength: 1.01 × 10<sup>6</sup> N/m<sup>2</sup>) along with excellent UV-blocking photostability for up to 28 days. The CUR<inf>Hydrogel</inf> probe was applied for detecting VB-6 via a smartphone-based sensing platform. The colorimetric assay was based on a two-step strategy involving initially the formation of the colorless pyridoxine-boron complex by VB-6 and boric acid, after which the remaining boric acid binds with curcumin to produce a red rosocyanine dye. A higher VB-6 concentration yields less rosocyanine and a discernible color shift from orange to yellow, which is quantified via smartphone RGB analysis. The RGB values were assessed via a smartphone application, providing the linearity of VB-6 detection of 10–125 mg L<sup>−1</sup> with LOD and LOQ of 2.93 mg L<sup>−1</sup> and 9.77 mg L<sup>−1</sup>. The CUR<inf>Hydrogel</inf> exhibited excellent precision with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 0.20 to 0.27 %, while recoveries ranged from 99.84 % to 103.03 %. Particularly, the results of this method were also validated by comparing with HPLC and UV–vis spectrophotometry. The smartphone RGB camera-based colorimetric sensor of CUR<inf>Hydrogel</inf> has great potential application prospects for detecting VB-6 in functional beverage samples.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Ultrasonically anchored core–shell Au–Pt nanoparticles on g-C3N4-modified screen-printed carbon electrode for efficient electrochemical detection of diclofenac in aquatic environments
    (2026-04-01)
    Chinnawat, Sirinyakorn
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    ;
    Thaipukdee, Piyathida
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    Pho-ngernngam, Chakkaphan
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    Jindaphet, Phetradar
    The widespread occurrence of pharmaceutical residues, particularly diclofenac (DCF), in aquatic environments poses serious ecological and health risks due to their persistence and inefficient removal by conventional treatment systems. This study reports a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a core–shell AuPt nanoparticles (Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf>) decorated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>) heterostructure modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for DCF monitoring. The Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf>/g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> nanocomposite was prepared using the ultrasonication method, in which ultrasonic energy facilitated hydrogen bonding between the Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf> and g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> support. The incorporation of Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf> onto the g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> surface provides strong interfacial adhesion, which effectively enhances charge carrier separation and promotes rapid electron transfer across the interface on the SPCE surface during DCF analysis. Optimization of experimental parameter showed that the electrode fabricated at 1.5 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>nanocomposite concentration, 15 s interval time analysis, a scan rate of 100 mV s<sup>−1</sup>and PBS buffer at pH 7.0 exhibited the highest peak current. The Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf>/g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>/SPCE sensor displayed a wide linear range of 0.25–1000 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, which LOD of 0.25 μmol L<sup>−1</sup>, along with excellent reproducibility (%RSD = 1.12%) and stability (%RSD = 0.24%, after storage for 30 day). The electrode demonstrated strong selectivity against interfering species. Validation with aquatic environments samples achieved recoveries of 98.88–103.49%, and ANOVA analysis confirmed no significant difference (p = 0.527 > 0.05) compared with HPLC results (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.99). The synergistic effect of Au<sup>0</sup>-Pt<sup>0</sup><inf>NPs</inf>/g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> enhanced catalytic performance, making the developed SPCE platform a reliable, and cost-effective sensor for detecting of DCF pollutants.