Wattanachaisaereekul, Songsak

Preferred name

Alternative Name

Wattanachaisaereekul, S.

Main Affiliation

School of Food Industry

songsak.wa@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 18

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Cassava Bagasse as a Low-Cost Substrate for Cellulase and Organic Acid Production Using Co-Cultivated Fungi
(2024-01-01)
Farniga, Analdi
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Khaokhajorn, Phimrak
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Wattanachaisaereekul, Songsak
Cassava bagasse has great potency as a substrate in the biorefinery industry. This paper proposes the valorisation of cassava bagasse into organic acids by cellulase through the co-cultivation of Aspergillus violaceofuscus and Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 at the ratio 1:1. The optimised conditions for β-glucosidase production under submerged fermentation were pH 4.50, a tween 80 concentration of 0.05% (v/v), and a spore concentration of 7.18 × 107 spores·mL−1. We found base steam cassava bagasse (BSCB) to have high cellulose content, making it possible to replace avicel phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) as a substrate. The co-cultivation with the BSCB substrate had higher levels of β-glucosidase (1.72-fold), cellobiohydrolase (2.83-fold), and endoglucanase (2.82-fold) activity compared to that of the avicel PASC substrate. Moreover, acetic acid (7.41 g·L−1), citric acid (3.54 g·L−1), gluconic acid (0.30 g·L−1), and malic acid (0.37 g·L−1) were detected in the BSCB crude extract. These results demonstrate the considerable prospects of the A. violaceofuscus and T. reesei RUT-C30 co-cultivation approaches in the biorefinery industry.
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Comparative Metagenomics Reveals Microbial Signatures of Sugarcane Phyllosphere in Organic Management
(2021-03-22)
Khoiri, Ahmad Nuruddin
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Cheevadhanarak, Supapon
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Jirakkakul, Jiraporn
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Dulsawat, Sudarat
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Prommeenate, Peerada
Converting conventional farms to organic systems to improve ecosystem health is an emerging trend in recent decades, yet little is explored to what extent and how this process drives the taxonomic diversity and functional capacity of above-ground microbes. This study was, therefore, conducted to investigate the effects of agricultural management, i.e., organic, transition, and conventional, on the structure and function of sugarcane phyllosphere microbial community using the shotgun metagenomics approach. Comparative metagenome analysis exhibited that farming practices strongly influenced taxonomic and functional diversities, as well as co-occurrence interactions of phyllosphere microbes. A complex microbial network with the highest connectivity was observed in organic farming, indicating strong resilient capabilities of its microbial community to cope with the dynamic environmental stressors. Organic farming also harbored genus Streptomyces as the potential keystone species and plant growth-promoting bacteria as microbial signatures, including Mesorhizobium loti, Bradyrhizobium sp. SG09, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus cellulosilyticus. Interestingly, numerous toxic compound-degrading species were specifically enriched in transition farming, which might suggest their essential roles in the transformation of conventional to organic farming. Moreover, conventional practice diminished the abundance of genes related to cell motility and energy metabolism of phyllosphere microbes, which could negatively contribute to lower microbial diversity in this habitat. Altogether, our results demonstrated the response of sugarcane-associated phyllosphere microbiota to specific agricultural managements that played vital roles in sustainable sugarcane production.
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Assessing the impact of polyphenol-rich plant extracts on ice cream meltdown behavior and structural elements using multivariate analysis
(2025-06-01)
Pangastuti, Hesti Ayuningtyas
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Wattanachaisaereekul, Songsak
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Pinsirodom, Praphan
Plant extracts are a rich source of polyphenols and become popular as a functional ingredient in ice cream products. However, addition of polyphenols in an ice cream mix can influent its structure and meltdown parameters. The objective of this study was to understand the effects of polyphenol-rich plant extracts on ice cream meltdown behavior and structural elements. Four plant extracts (grape seed, green tea, pomegranate, and roselle) were incorporated into ice cream mixes at 1, 2, and 3 wt % concentrations. All extracts resulted in ice creams with higher initial drip times (239–1421.5 s) and time to 50 % drip-through (1930–3397 s) with a concentration dependence compared to the control (234 and 1632 s, respectively), ranking highest to lowest as follows: green tea, grape seed, roselle, and pomegranate. The ice creams incorporating extracts could be classified into four distinct groups based on structural elements. The first group included green tea and pomegranate sample, which exhibited relatively high flow behavior index and low consistency coefficient. The second group was grape seed extract, characterized by high viscosity and low overrun. The third group comprised 2 % and 3 % roselle extract samples, with high fat globule size, and the fourth group solely the 1 % roselle extract, which showed high overrun. The results demonstrate that polyphenol-rich plant extracts can modify ice cream meltdown behavior due to changing its structural elements, and different polyphenol-rich plant extracts delay meltdown via specific mechanisms. These findings offer valuable insights for the application of plant extracts in ice cream quality modification.
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Characterization and physicochemical properties of a novel microencapsulated bio-calcium from Asian sea bass bones
(2025-12-01)
Phengleng, Salinee
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Sangadkit, Wipavadee
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Wattanachaisaereekul, Songsak
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Sirison, Jiraporn
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Ruangsomboon, Suneerat
Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body, yet intake remains insufficient in many populations. Fishbone-derived bio-calcium from Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer), containing approximately 37.5 % calcium (dry weight), offers a cost-effective source. However, its primary form, hydroxyapatite, has low solubility due to high crystallinity, limiting its application in food fortification. This study aimed to enhance the physicochemical properties of bio-calcium (B) powders by encapsulating them with maltodextrin (M), gum arabic (G), and their combination (MG) at 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % (w/v) using spray drying. A 1:4 (w/w) ratio of B to wall materials was applied at 180 °C (inlet) and 60 °C (outlet) temperatures. Powder yields ranged from 25.2 % (15 % BG) to 30.3 % (15 % BM), with no significant differences (p > 0.05) among treatments. Encapsulated powders had higher lightness (L*) than B. The highest calcium content and encapsulation efficiency were observed in 5 % BG, while BM showed the lowest. Moisture content and water activity remained below 10 % and 0.6 %, respectively. BG had the highest hygroscopicity, while wall concentration had no significant (p > 0.05) impact. Encapsulation improved water solubility index (75.4–86.5 %), especially in BM. Particle sizes ranged from 0.92 µm (10 % BMG) to 2.89 µm (15 % BM), while zeta potentials ranged from -8.71 mV (15 % BM) to -20.90 mV (15 % BMG). Encapsulated powders were more spherical and smoother than B, while BG particles showed aggregation, whereas BMG showed mixed morphologies. These findings suggest that encapsulation enhanced the physicochemical properties of bio-calcium, supporting its potential application in calcium-fortified foods and dietary supplements.
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Insights into the genome of Methylobacterium sp. NMS14P, a novel bacterium for growth promotion of maize, chili, and sugarcane
(2023-02-01)
Jirakkakul, Jiraporn
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Khoiri, Ahmad Nuruddin
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Duangfoo, Thanawat
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Dulsawat, Sudarat
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Sutheeworapong, Sawannee
A novel methylotrophic bacterium designated as NMS14P was isolated from the root of an organic coffee plant (Coffea arabica) in Thailand. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that this new isolate belongs to the genus Methylobacterium, and its novelty was clarified by genomic and comparative genomic analyses, in which NMS14P exhibited low levels of relatedness with other Methylobacterium-type strains. NMS14P genome consists of a 6,268,579 bp chromosome, accompanied by a 542,519 bp megaplasmid and a 66,590 bp plasmid, namely pNMS14P1 and pNMS14P2, respectively. Several genes conferring plant growth promotion are aggregated on both chromosome and plasmids, including phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, cytokinins (CKs) production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, sulfur-oxidizing activity, trehalose synthesis, and urea metabolism. Furthermore, pangenome analysis showed that NMS14P possessed the highest number of strain-specific genes accounting for 1408 genes, particularly those that are essential for colonization and survival in a wide array of host environments, such as ABC transporter, chemotaxis, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In vivo tests have supported that NMS14P significantly promoted the growth and development of maize, chili, and sugarcane. Collectively, NMS14P is proposed as a novel plant growth-promoting Methylobacterium that could potentially be applied to a broad range of host plants as Methylobacterium-based biofertilizers to reduce and ultimately substitute the use of synthetic agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture.
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Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Urban Thai Individuals Reveals Enterotype-Specific Signature
(2023-01-01)
Sinsuebchuea, Jiramaetha
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Paenkaew, Prasobsook
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Wutthiin, Montree
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Nantanaranon, Thatchawanon
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Laeman, Kiattiyot
Gut microbiota play vital roles in human health, utilizing indigestible nutrients, producing essential substances, regulating the immune system, and inhibiting pathogen growth. Gut microbial profiles are dependent on populations, geographical locations, and long-term dietary patterns resulting in individual uniqueness. Gut microbiota can be classified into enterotypes based on their patterns. Understanding gut enterotype enables us to interpret the capability in macronutrient digestion, essential substance production, and microbial co-occurrence. However, there is still no detailed characterization of gut microbiota enterotype in urban Thai people. In this study, we characterized the gut microbiota of urban Thai individuals by amplicon sequencing and classified their profiles into enterotypes, including Prevotella (EnP) and Bacteroides (EnB) enterotypes. Enterotypes were associated with lifestyle, dietary habits, bacterial diversity, differential taxa, and microbial pathways. Microbe–microbe interactions have been studied via co-occurrence networks. EnP had lower α-diversities than those in EnB. A correlation analysis revealed that the Prevotella genus, the predominant taxa of EnP, has a negative correlation with α-diversities. Microbial function enrichment analysis revealed that the biosynthesis pathways of B vitamins and fatty acids were significantly enriched in EnP and EnB, respectively. Interestingly, Ruminococcaceae, resistant starch degraders, were the hubs of both enterotypes, and strongly correlated with microbial diversity, suggesting that traditional Thai food, consisting of rice and vegetables, might be the important drivers contributing to the gut microbiota uniqueness in urban Thai individuals. Overall findings revealed the biological uniqueness of gut enterotype in urban Thai people, which will be advantageous for developing gut microbiome-based diagnostic tools.
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Revisiting chloroplast genomic landscape and annotation towards comparative chloroplast genomes of Rhamnaceae
(2023-12-01)
Wanichthanarak, Kwanjeera
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Nookaew, Intawat
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Pasookhush, Phongthana
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Wongsurawat, Thidathip
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Jenjaroenpun, Piroon
Background: Massive parallel sequencing technologies have enabled the elucidation of plant phylogenetic relationships from chloroplast genomes at a high pace. These include members of the family Rhamnaceae. The current Rhamnaceae phylogenetic tree is from 13 out of 24 Rhamnaceae chloroplast genomes, and only one chloroplast genome of the genus Ventilago is available. Hence, the phylogenetic relationships in Rhamnaceae remain incomplete, and more representative species are needed. Results: The complete chloroplast genome of Ventilago harmandiana Pierre was outlined using a hybrid assembly of long- and short-read technologies. The accuracy and validity of the final genome were confirmed with PCR amplifications and investigation of coverage depth. Sanger sequencing was used to correct for differences in lengths and nucleotide bases between inverted repeats because of the homopolymers. The phylogenetic trees reconstructed using prevalent methods for phylogenetic inference were topologically similar. The clustering based on codon usage was congruent with the molecular phylogenetic tree. The groups of genera in each tribe were in accordance with tribal classification based on molecular markers. We resolved the phylogenetic relationships among six Hovenia species, three Rhamnus species, and two Ventilago species. Our reconstructed tree provides the most complete and reliable low-level taxonomy to date for the family Rhamnaceae. Similar to other higher plants, the RNA editing mostly resulted in converting serine to leucine. Besides, most genes were subjected to purifying selection. Annotation anomalies, including indel calling errors, unaligned open reading frames of the same gene, inconsistent prediction of intergenic regions, and misannotated genes, were identified in the published chloroplast genomes used in this study. These could be a result of the usual imperfections in computational tools, and/or existing errors in reference genomes. Importantly, these are points of concern with regards to utilizing published chloroplast genomes for comparative genomic analysis. Conclusions: In summary, we successfully demonstrated the use of comprehensive genomic data, including DNA and amino acid sequences, to build a reliable and high-resolution phylogenetic tree for the family Rhamnaceae. Additionally, our study indicates that the revision of genome annotation before comparative genomic analyses is necessary to prevent the propagation of errors and complications in downstream analysis and interpretation.
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Co-transplantation of phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbes promotes microbial colonization and enhances sugarcane growth
(2024-09-01)
Khoiri, Ahmad Nuruddin
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Wattanachaisaereekul, Songsak
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Jirakkakul, Jiraporn
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Sutheeworapong, Sawannee
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Kusonmano, Kanthida
Increasing evidence suggests that microbes colonizing both above- and below-ground parts of plants are critical for plant growth and agricultural productivity. However, the extent to which the interactions between above- and below-ground microbial communities affect microbial colonization and plant performance is not fully understood. To address this question, we performed a phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbiome transplantation experiment (MT-Exp) using sugarcane, followed by microbiome profiling with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Plant phenotypic observation exhibited that transplanting field-grown sugarcane phyllosphere and/or rhizosphere onto sugarcane plantlets in a controlled growth condition significantly increased total biomass compared to un-transplanted plants. Notably, co-transplantation of phyllosphere (P) and rhizosphere (R) microbiomes (PR treatment) resulted in the most pronounced plant growth promotion. A comparison of alpha diversity revealed that microbiome transplantation enhanced the species richness of both phyllosphere and rhizosphere communities. Additionally, PERMANOVA results showed that microbiome transplantation strongly impacted the rhizosphere microbial community, while no significant differences were observed in the phyllosphere microbes. The PR treatment was found to be more effective in introducing a greater diversity of microbial taxa than single transplantation (P and R treatments), of which many of these transplanted taxa were recognized as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Furthermore, the PR network displayed denser connectivity between above- and below-ground components compared to all other treatments. In conclusion, our findings highlight the interdependence of above-ground and below-ground microorganisms, demonstrating their indispensable role in colonizing and promoting sugarcane growth.
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Consumer Perceptions of the Tempe Quality in Local, National, and International Markets
(2025-12-31)
Fitri, Angel Kurnilah
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Ekawananto, Dimas Wahyu
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Astawan, Made
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Saraswati, Saraswati
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Wresdiyati, Tutik
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Effect of Calcium carbide and Ethephon on flavor profile of ‘Kluai Hom Thong’
(2026-06-01)
Laryea, Damian
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Pinsirodom, Praphan
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Wattanachaisaereekul, Songsak
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Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Arsa, Supeeraya
Banana is a nutritious dessert with its rising demand resulting in the use of ripening agents to increase the ripening rate of bananas. There is, however, limited information on the effect these ripening agents may have on banana quality, including the flavor of bananas. This study determined the effect of CaC<inf>2</inf> and ethephon on the flavor profile of ‘Kluai Hom Thong’ (Musa AAA) banana at the ripe and overripe stages of ripening. Bananas were harvested at the green matured stage and treated with 1000 ppm ethephon and 3.07g/kg CaC<inf>2</inf>. Samples were taken at the fully ripe and overripe stages and analyzed using GC–MS. The Relative Odor Activity Value (ROAV) was also calculated. Esters were the most dominant volatile compounds in both the ripe and overripe stages. Ethephon and CaC<inf>2</inf> reduced the amount of esters in the bananas. Detection and relative content of alcohol and aldehyde volatile compounds varied among treatments. Isoamyl acetate (1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate), an ester, was dominant in both stages of ripening with the control sample having a significantly higher amount among samples. Isoamyl acetate was established as the key volatile compound contributing to the overall aroma and flavor of Musa AAA. Ripening stage and treatments were observed to affect this key volatile compound and could contribute to significant changes in the perception of untreated and treated bananas. Therefore, care has to be taken when using ripening agents as they may affect the flavor of bananas. CaC<inf>2</inf>, however, may contain toxic chemicals; therefore, should be used with caution.

Wattanachaisaereekul, Songsak

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