Polyorach, Sineenart

Preferred name

Alternative Name

Polyorach, S.

Main Affiliation

School of Agricultural Technology

sineenart.po@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 29

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Assessment of the nutritive value of urea-calcium hydroxide-treated rice straw by in sacco technique
(2019-01-01)
Polyorach, Sineenart
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Wanapat, Metha
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Cherdthong, Anusorn
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Gunun, Pongsatorn
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Gunun, Nirawan
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of urea-lime treatment on nutritive value and rumen degradability of rice straw by using the nylon-bag technique. Straw was assigned to treatments according to a 2 × 3 × 5 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design. Factor A comprised two storage times (10 and 20 days), Factor B comprised three levels of lime addition (0%, 1% and 2%) and Factor C comprised five levels of urea treatment (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%). Two ruminal fistulated beef steers (410 ± 10 kg) were used to determine in situ DM degradability. The results showed that increasing the urea treatment level increased crude protein and organic matter concentrations, while concentrations of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre decreased linearly with an increasing lime treatment level (P < 0.05). Moreover, urea and lime treatment increased the soluble fractions at time zero (a), insoluble degradability fractions (b), rate of degradation (c), potential degradability (a+b) and the effective degradability of DM (P < 0.05). Furthermore, rice-straw treatment at 20 days showed a better straw chemical composition and rumen degradability (P < 0.05) than that at 10 days. In conclusion, treatment with urea and lime improved the quality and ruminal degradability of rice straw. The present study suggested that urea treatment can improve the nutritional value of rice straw, especially, treatment with 3% urea together with 2% lime.
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In vitro rumen fermentation and methane production as affected by rambutan pee powder
(2018-09-12)
Gunun, Pongsatorn
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Gunun, Nirawan
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Cherdthong, Anusorn
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Wanapat, Metha
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Polyorach, Sineenart
The current study was aimed to determine the effect of rambutan peel powder (RPP) supplementation on in vitro gas production, rumen fermentation characteristics and methane production. The experimental design was a completely randomized design and the dietary treatments were different levels of RPP supplementation at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mg/0.5 g DM. Under this investigation, RPP supplementation did not affect gas production kinetics and in vitro digestibility (p >.05). The concentration of NH3-N decreased linearly with the increasing levels of RPP supplementation (p <.05). Propionate was increased (p <.05) when supplemented with RPP at 16 mg, while acetate and butyrate remained the same. On the other hand, supplementation of RPP decreased methane production (p <.05). This study indicated that RPP at 16 mg could be used as a rumen enhancer for manipulating rumen fermentation.
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Effects of feeding fresh cassava root with high-sulfur feed block on feed utilization, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites in Thai native cattle
(2018-08-01)
Cherdthong, Anusorn
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Khonkhaeng, Benjamad
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Seankamsorn, Anuthida
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Supapong, Chanadol
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Wanapat, Metha
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of feeding fresh cassava root (CR) along with a feed block containing high was to sulfur (FBS) on feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood thiocyanate concentration in Thai native beef cattle. Four Thai male native beef cattle, initial body weight (BW) of 130 + 20.0 kg, were used in this study. The experiments were randomly assigned according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The main factors were supplemented fresh CR levels (1.0 and 1.5% BW) and across to a feed block supplemented with sulfur added 2% (FBS-2) and 4% (FBS-4). Intakes of rice straw, concentrate diets, and FBS were not affected by treatments. Intakes of CR, sulfur, and total intake were significantly altered by the FBS treatment. The apparent dry matter and organic matter digestibility coefficient were significantly higher in animals fed FBS-4 than in those fed FBS-2. The ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration was not affected by treatment and ranged from 15.6 to 17.6 mg/dl. Populations of protozoa and fungal zoospores were similar across treatments, whereas the bacterial population was significantly different between sulfur levels in the feed block. Feeding CR with FBS did not change total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and VFA profiles except for the propionic acid concentration, which was higher in the group with CR supplementation at 1.5% BW. Cattle fed CR with FBS showed similar blood urea nitrogen concentration at various feeding times and overall. In contrast, CR supplementation at 1.5% BW with FBS-2 increased blood thiocyanate concentrations. Therefore, supplementation of FBS-2 was beneficial to Thai native beef cattle fed with 1.5% BW fresh CR as it improved digestibility and rumen fermentation presumed, because HCN from fresh cassava root was converted into thiocyanate, which is nontoxic to farm animals.
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Effects of Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg. pomace as a source of plant secondary compounds on digestibility, rumen environment, hematology, and milk production in dairy cows
(2019-03-01)
Gunun, Pongsatorn
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Gunun, Nirawan
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Khejornsart, Pichad
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Ouppamong, Thanaporn
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Cherdthong, Anusorn
Mao pomace meal (MPM) contains condensed tannins and saponins at 92 and 98 g/kg, respectively, and these substances can be used to manipulate ruminal fermentation in ruminant. Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows with 45 ± 5 days in milk were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive four different levels of MPM supplementation at 0, 100, 200, and 300 g/head/day, respectively. Cows were fed with concentrate diets at 1:1.5 of concentrate to milk yield ratio and urea-treated (3%) rice straw was fed ad libitum. The results revealed that feed intake, nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen, and hematological parameters were not affected by MPM supplementation (p > 0.05). However, ruminal pH and propionate were increased quadratically (p < 0.05) in cows receiving MPM whereas acetate, acetate to propionate ratio and estimate methane production were decreased (p < 0.05). Supplementation of MPM linearly decreased ruminal ammonia nitrogen and protozoal population at 4 hr postfeeding (p < 0.05). Milk production and milk composition were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of MPM at 200 g/head/day could modify ruminal fermentation and reduce methane production without adverse effect on feed intake, digestibility, hematological parameters, and milk production in dairy cows.
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Utilization of Mao (Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg.) Pomace Meal to Substitute Rice Bran on Feed Utilization and Rumen Fermentation in Tropical Beef Cattle
(2022-11-01)
Gunun, Nirawan
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Khejornsart, Pichad
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Polyorach, Sineenart
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Kaewpila, Chatchai
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Kimprasit, Thachawech
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing rice bran with mao pomace meal on feed intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation in beef cattle. Four crossbred (50% Brahman × 50% Thai native) beef cattle with an initial body weight of 195 ± 13 kg and 16 months of age were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments included four levels of RB replacement with mao pomace meal at 0, 33, 67, and 100% in concentrate diets. Rice straw was used as a roughage source, fed ad libitum. Replacement of mao pomace meal with rice bran did not affect (p > 0.05) the intakes of concentrate, rice straw, and total dry matter intake. Ether extract intake decreased linearly when increasing the levels of mao pomace meal (p < 0.01). The experimental diets had no effect (p > 0.05) on the digestibility of fiber and crude protein, while dry matter, organic matter, and ether extract digestibility decreased linearly in the group of mao pomace meal replacing rice bran (p < 0.05). Increasing levels of mao pomace meal in concentrate diets did not alter rumen pH, ammonia–nitrogen, or total volatile fatty acid concentration (p > 0.05). The proportion of propionate increased linearly (p < 0.05), whereas acetate and the acetate to propionate ratio decreased linearly (p < 0.05) when replacing rice bran with mao pomace meal. Moreover, the proportion of propionate was greatest, while acetate was lowest when mao pomace meal was included at 100% in the concentrate diet. In conclusion, the replacement of rice bran with mao pomace meal in a diet could enhance the efficiency of rumen fermentation. Nonetheless, it reduced the digestion of nutrients in tropical beef cattle.
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Inclusion of yeast waste as a protein source to replace soybean meal in concentrate mixture on ruminal fermentation and gas kinetics using in vitro gas production technique
(2019-01-01)
Cherdthong, Anusorn
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Prachumchai, Rittikeard
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Supapong, Chanadol
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Khonkhaeng, Benjamad
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Wanapat, Metha
This experiment was conducted to investigate the utilisation of yeast waste as protein source to replace soybean meal in concentrate mixture on kinetic of gas, rumen ammonia-nitrogen and digestibility of nutrients by using in vitro gas production technique. The experimental design was a completely randomised design and the dietary treatments were replacing soybean meal with yeast wastein concentrate at the ratio of 100: 0, 75: 25, 50: 50, 25: 75 and 0: 100, respectively. Yeast waste was obtained from KSL Green Innovation Public Co. Limited, Thailand. The gas production was recorded at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation. The yeast waste contained 26.4% crude protein. Gas production from soluble fractions (a), gas production from the insoluble fraction (b), potential extent of gas production (a+b) and the gas production rate constants for the insoluble fraction (c) were not altered when increasing concentration of yeast waste replacing soybean meal (P > 0.05). Cumulative gas production (at 96 h of incubation) ranged from 69.3 to 72.8 mL and was similar among treatments. Ruminal NH<inf>3</inf>-N concentration was linearly increased (P < 0.05) whereas ruminal pH did not alter when inclusion various levels of yeast waste replacing soybean meal, which ranged from 15.2 to 19.1 mg/dL and 6.90 to 6.94, respectively. In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro organic matter digestibility did not changed by increasing levels of yeast waste in the diets (P > 0.05), except only in vitro dry matter digestibility at 12 h, which higher in soybean meal: yeast waste at 25: 75 ratio (P < 0.05). Furthermore, propionate (C3) molar was linearly higher when compared between inclusion yeast waste and the control group whereas acetate was decreased quadratically (P < 0.05) and protozoal population tended to be decreased (P = 0.07) when increasing the level of replacing yeast waste. In conclusion, yeast waste could replace soybean meal in concentrate mixture with no negative effect on gas kinetics, rumen fermentation and in vitro digestibility, and therefore its use in animal feeding would contribute to a reduction in environmental pollution.
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The Effect of Phytonutrients in Terminalia chebula Retz. on Rumen Fermentation Efficiency, Nitrogen Utilization, and Protozoal Population in Goats
(2022-08-01)
Gunun, Pongsatorn
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Cherdthong, Anusorn
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Khejornsart, Pichad
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Wanapat, Metha
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Polyorach, Sineenart
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Terminalia chebula meal (TCM) supplementation on digestibility, rumen fermentation, nitrogen utilization, and protozoal population in goats. Eight goats with an initial body weight (BW) of 13 ± 3.0 kg were randomly assigned according to a double 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive different levels of TCM supplementation at 0, 8, 16, and 24 g/kg of total dry matter (DM) intake, respectively. The goats were fed with concentrate diets at 13 g/kg BW, while rice straw was used as a roughage source, fed ad libitum. The results revealed that the feed intake and the apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar among the treatments (p > 0.05). However, crude protein (CP) digestibility decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when supplemented with TCM at 24 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05). The addition of TCM did not change the ruminal pH and blood urea nitrogen concentrations (p > 0.05), whereas the concentration of NH<inf>3</inf>-N at 4 h post feeding was reduced with the inclusion of TCM at 16 and 24 g/kg of total DM intake. The total numbers of bacteria were enhanced by the addition of TCM, while the protozoal population, in both entodiniomorph and holotrich, was reduced (p < 0.05). The supplementation of TCM did not change the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetic acid, or butyric acid, while the propionic acid concentration at 4-h post feeding increased significantly, especially when supplemented at 16 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05. In addition, urinary nitrogen (N) excretion decreased, while fecal N excretion, N absorption, N retention, and the proportion of N retention to N intake increased with the inclusion of TCM at all levels. In summary, the inclusion of TCM could improve rumen fermentation efficiency and N balance without having an adverse effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and rumen ecology; however, the protozoal population decreased. Therefore, this study suggests that TCM (16 g/kg of total DM intake) could be used as a plant source for rumen enhancement in goats fed a diet based on rice straw without having an adverse effect on feed intake or nutrient digestion. However, further studies on the production of types of meat and milk that have a long-term feeding trial should be carried out.
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Preharvest Salicylic Acid Application Enhances Pigments, Antioxidants, and Secondary Metabolites in Cannabis sativa L.
(2026-03-01)
Montri, Nattaya
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Tebdoie, Chachpon
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Kongchinda, Papitchaya
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Singhavorachai, Pornjarus
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Tontiworachai, Borworn
Salicylic acid (SA) is a key signaling molecule regulating secondary metabolism and stress responses in plants, but its preharvest role as a low-cost elicitor in cannabis remains underexplored. This study evaluated the effects of preharvest foliar SA application at different concentrations and application intervals on pigments, antioxidants, and cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L. leaves and inflorescences. In leaves, moderate SA (0.1 M) significantly enhanced total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity (%DPPH inhibition), while higher concentrations suppressed these responses, reflecting a regulated metabolic trade-off rather than irreversible tissue damage. A significant interaction between SA concentration and preharvest time was observed for chlorophyll a (p < 0.01), whereas chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were not significantly influenced by the interaction. In inflorescences, short-term application of 0.1 M SA (1 h preharvest) maximized phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, and pigment accumulation, whereas the untreated controls showed the lowest levels. Cannabinoids exhibited distinct responses: Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC), total tetrahydrocannabinol (Total THC), and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) peaked at 0.1 M SA applied 1 h preharvest, while cannabidiol (CBD) was less concentration-dependent, with maximum accumulation observed at 1.0 M SA applied 24 h preharvest. Preharvest SA elicitation strongly modulated cannabis secondary metabolism. Short-term application of moderate SA promoted total phenolic, total flavonoid, antioxidant, pigment, and THC-group cannabinoid accumulation, while CBD displayed broader tolerance to concentration and application timing. These findings highlighted the potential of SA as a preharvest elicitor to improve cannabis phytochemical quality.
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Feed Efficiency and Growth Performance in Thai Beef Cattle Fed Cricket Meal as a Soybean Meal Replacement
(2025-01-01)
Khonkhaeng, Benjamad
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Wanapat, Metha
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So, Sarong
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Lunpha, Areerat
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Pilajun, Ruangyote
Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) is a high-protein insect species with a favorable amino acid and fatty acid profile, widely recognized as an alternative to soybean meal in nonruminant diets. However, research on its use in ruminant nutrition remains limited, particularly regarding its effects on feed efficiency and performance. This study evaluated the impact of completely replacing soybean meal with cricket meal on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, microbial populations, and growth performance in Thai native beef cattle. Eight male Thai native beef cattle (150 ± 15 kg; ∼2 years old) were used in a completely randomized design with two dietary treatments (n = 4 per group). One group received a conventional soybean meal–based diet, while the other received a diet in which 100% of the soybean meal was replaced with cricket meal at an inclusion level of 12% of dry matter. Both diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Feed intake was similar between treatments. Crude protein digestibility was higher in the cricket meal group (67.5%) compared to the soybean meal group (63.7%; p = 0.04), while other digestibility parameters showed no differences. Blood metabolites, rumen fermentation characteristics, and microbial populations were unaffected by dietary treatment. Cattle fed the cricket meal-based diet showed greater average daily gain (+55.7%; p = 0.02) and a 32.9% improvement in feed conversion ratio (p = 0.02) compared to cattle fed the soybean meal–based diet. These results suggest that cricket meal can serve as a complete replacement for soybean meal in beef cattle diets, enhancing protein digestibility and growth performance without compromising rumen function.
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Replacing Concentrate with Yeast- or EM-Fermented Cassava Peel (YFCP or EMFCP): Effects on the Feed Intake, Feed Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Growth Performance of Goats
(2023-02-01)
Gunun, Pongsatorn
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Cherdthong, Anusorn
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Khejornsart, Pichad
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Wanapat, Metha
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Polyorach, Sineenart
The goal of this study was to improve the nutritional value of cassava peel by using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or effective microorganisms (EM), then use it as a replacement for concentrate, and examine the effects on the feed intake, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation, and growth performance of goats. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD), and the dietary treatments were (1) concentrate, (2) replacement of the concentrate by yeast-fermented cassava peel (YFCP) at 50% and (3) replacement of the concentrate by EM-fermented cassava peel (EMFCP) at 50%. Twelve goats were given concentrate based on their treatments at a rate of 1.5% of their body weight. Rice straw was used as roughage and fed freely. It was found that the crude protein (CP) content of the cassava peel from 2.1% to 13.7–13.8% after 14 days of fermentation. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the treatments in terms of the feed intake, feed digestibility, ruminal pH, blood urea nitrogen concentration, volatile fatty acid profile, overall average daily gain, and feed efficiency. However, the cost of the feed per gain decreased when the YFCP or EMFCP was used instead of the concentrate. Based on the results of this experiment, it was possible to conclude that yeast or EM might be utilized as microorganisms to increase the nutritional value of cassava peel. Moreover, YFCP or EMFCP can replace concentrate by up to 50% without an impact on the feed intake, feed digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and the growth performance; whereas, it can reduce the feed cost per gain up to 32%.

Polyorach, Sineenart

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