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    Prediction of heat transfer and fluid flow in a cross-corrugated tube using numerical methods, artificial neural networks and genetic algorithms
    (2022-03-01)
    Eiamsa-ard, S.
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    Safikhani, H.
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    Promthaisong, P.
    In this paper, multi-objective optimization of geometric parameters of spirally-cross-corrugated (SCC) tubes is carried out using numerical methods, genetic algorithms (GAs), and artificial neural networks (ANNs). First, the turbulent flow is numerically characterized in various SCC tube geometries using a finite volume method with the realizable k−ε turbulence model. In this approach, the heat transfer coefficient and friction factor f in tubes are calculated. First, two parameters (corrugation pitch-to-diameter ratio (PR = p/D) and corrugation depth-to-diameter ratio (DR = e/D)) are examined in a turbulent flow regime that affects the strength of quadruple longitudinal vortex flows and thermal characteristics. At the final step, using the obtained polynomials for neural networks, multi-objective genetic algorithms (NSGA II) are employed for Pareto based multi-objective optimization of flow parameters in such tubes. This analysis considers two conflicting parameters, f Re and Nusselt number Nu with respect to three design variables, Reynolds number Re, values of PR and DR. Some interesting and important relationships between the parameters and variables mentioned above emerge as useful optimal design principles involved in the heat transfer of such tubes through Pareto based multi-objective optimization. Such important optimal principles would not have been obtained without the use of a combination of numerical techniques, ANN modeling, and the Pareto optimization.
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    Thermal Visualization and Performance Analysis in a Channel Installing Transverse Baffles with Square Wings
    (2022-11-01)
    Eiamsa-Ard, Smith
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    Phila, Arnut
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    Wongcharee, Khwanchit
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    ;
    The experimental examination of local heat transfer, thermal intensification, friction factors, and thermal performance factors (TPF) in a rectangular channel with square-winged transverse baffles (SW-TB) are presented in this paper. The purpose of this study is to modify the typical transverse baffles (TB) into square-winged transverse baffles (SW-TB) in order to improve the thermal performance and heat transfer rate of the channel. The effects of SW-TBs with various wing attack angles and Reynolds numbers on the heat transfer performance characteristics were examined using a thermochromic liquid crystal sheet. In the experiments, the SW-TBs were attached to the bottom wall of the channel, which had an aspect ratio (W:H) of 3.75:1. The SW-TBs had a width (w) of 150 mm, a square perforated cross-sectional area (a × b) of 8 × 8 mm<sup>2</sup>, and attack angles (θ) of 0° (solid transverse-baffle), 22.5°, 45°, 67.5°, and 90°. The bottom wall of the channel was evenly heated, while the other walls were insulated. The temperature contours on the heated surface were plotted using temperatures obtained through using the thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) image-processing method. Experimental results revealed that the SW-TBs created multiple impinging jets, apart from the recirculation. At the proper attack angles (θ = 22.5° and 45°), the SW-TBs offered greater heat transfer rates and caused lower friction losses, resulting in higher TPFs than the solid transverse baffles. In the current work, channels where the SW-TBs display a θ = 45° presented the greatest TPF, as high as 1.26. The multiple impinging jets issuing by the SW-TBs suppressed the size of the recirculation flow and allowed better contact between the fluid flow and channel wall.
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    Enhanced Heat Transfer of a Heat Exchanger Tube Installed with V-Shaped Delta-Wing Baffle Turbulators
    (2023-07-01)
    Samruaisin, Prachya
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    Maza, Rangsan
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    ; ;
    Maruyama, Naoki
    The influences of V-shaped delta-wing baffles on the thermohydraulic performance characteristics in a round tube were experimentally tested. The V-shaped delta-wing baffles having a set number of wings (N = 4, 6, and 8) were comparatively tested. The V-shaped delta-wing baffles with various pitch ratios of P/D = 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 were thoroughly fitted inside a tube. In the present work, the baffles were responsible for both the recirculation/reverse flow behind the solid baffle and the longitudinal vortex flow behind the V-shaped wing. The V-shaped winged baffles with N = 8 produced high heat transfer rates by promoting the development of reverse and vortex flows. These currents aid in fluid mixing between the two streams. Experimental results suggested that utilizing V-shaped delta-wing baffles having N = 4, 6, and 8 led to Nusselt number enhancement of up to 97–105.6%, 105.8–127.8% and 114.8–138.9%, respectively. When N was 8, the V-shaped wings baffles created additional multi vortex flows, which resulted in some fluid mixing between the vortex and the reverse flow. It was discovered that a greater turbulent intensity is imparted to the flow that was occurring between the V-shaped delta-wing baffles, which led to an increase in the rate of heat transfer when the pitch ratio was decreased. The increase in Nusselt number was up to 118.26–151.3% more than it was in a tube with the lowest pitch ratio (P/D = 2.0). It was also found that the baffles with N = 8 wings and P/D = 3.0 offered a maximum aerothermal performance factor (APF) of 1.01. Furthermore, the V-shaped delta-wing baffles have the potential for energy savings at low Re ≤ 6000, indicated by the APF beyond unity.
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    Heat Transfer Intensification in a Heat Exchanger Tube with Continuous V-Rib Twisted Tapes Installed
    (2025-05-01)
    Du, Yuexiang
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    Wongcharee, Khwanchit
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    Naphon, Paisarn
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    Maruyama, Naoki
    This article reports the effect of twisted tapes with continuous V-ribs on the thermal performance index characteristics of a heat exchanger tube. Numerical and experimental studies were conducted to investigate the influence of V-rib attack angles (β = 15°, 30°, and 45°) in forward and backward arrangements. This investigation employed 0.9 mm thick, continuous V-rib twisted tapes (CVRTs) made from aluminum sheets formed with a twist ratio of y/w = 4.0. The experimental results indicated that a continuous V-rib twisted tape (CVRT) was more effective in heat transfer improvement than a typical twisted tape (TT). This was due to swirl and longitudinal vortex flows that helped increase flow mixing and reduce boundary layer thickness. Decreased V-rib attack angles (β) led to greater heat transfer enhancement, pressure drop, and thermal performance index values due to the greater turbulent mixing of fluid. The numerical result revealed that a continuous V-rib twisted tape created strong longitudinal vortex flow, especially with higher attack angles. The Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) and core fluid temperature increased with the insertion of CVRTs. Local Nusselt numbers also remained relatively high for heat exchanger tubes with CVRTs. The experimental study illustrated that a tube with a CVRT installed augmented heat transfer. In the experimentally studied cases, a backward arrangement had more heat transfer, a greater friction factor, and a better thermal performance index. Compared to a plain tube, a tube with CVRT installed, having β = 15°, 30°, and 45°, showed 76.8, 71.6, and 66.2% improved heat transfer, respectively. CVRTs with these three β-values, respectively, exhibited higher thermal performance than a TT. Among the investigated CVRTs, the backward-arranged tape with β = 15° offered the maximum thermal performance index, 1.13 at Re = 6000. The results are congruent with the simulation outcomes, hence supporting the CFD analysis.
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    3D numerical analysis of thermal-hydraulic behaviors of turbulent flow inside twisted square ducts
    (2020-05-01)
    Promthaisong, P.
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    Eiamsa-ard, S.
    Heat transfer, local distributions of Nusselt number, flow structure, and friction characteristics of twisted square ducts are presented. Numerical analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of the twist ratio (TR = p/D = 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0) on the thermal-hydraulic performance of twisted square ducts under constant wall heat flux condition for Reynolds numbers based on the hydraulic diameter of the twisted square duct ranging from 3000 to 20 000. The straight square duct was also analyzed for comparison. The numerical results showed that the twisted square ducts were more efficient in heat transfer than the straight square ducts because the swirl flow helped to increase fluid mixing and reduce thermal layer boundary thickness. The decrease of the twist ratio led to the increase in the Nusselt number and friction factor due to the higher frequency of swirl flow. As compared to the straight square duct, the twisted square ducts with TR = 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 improved heat transfer by 52, 49.82, 45.85, 42.22, 39.54, 35.41, and 31.77 %, respectively. Among the studied twisted ducts, the ones with twist ratio TR = 3.5 offered the maximum thermal enhancement factor of 1.42 at Re = 3000. In addition, the results also revealed that the twisted square ducts are thermo-hydraulically superior to the straight square ducts.