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    New Chitosan-Grafted Thymol Coated on Gold Nanoparticles for Control of Cariogenic Bacteria in the Oral Cavity
    (2022-08-02)
    Chittratan, Pakawat
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    Chalitangkoon, Jongjit
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    ; ;
    Chitosan-grafted thymol (CST) coated on gold nanoparticles has been synthesized and characterized for the design of antimicrobial materials. CST was synthesized via adapting the Mannich reaction, and it acted as the capping agent for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The grafting of thymol onto the side chain of chitosan has provided a degree of substitution value (%DS<inf>NMR</inf>) of 10.0%, calculated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. UV-visible spectrometry and elemental analysis were used to confirm the successful synthesis of CST through adapting the Mannich reaction. The appropriate concentration of CST for AuNP synthesis was found to be 0.020%w/v. A red-wine colloidal AuNP solution of 2.41-3.30 nM particle size exhibits a strong surface plasmon resonance at 502 nm, which shows negative charges at pH = 9 of -36.37 mV. This result evidenced that the AuNPs showed electrostatic repulsion and CST played a role as a capping agent to provide a good dispersion and stability state. CST coated on the AuNP surface was successfully utilized for the control of cariogenic bacteria in the oral cavity. The results obtained from this study show that the tuning of the capping agent used in the synthesis step strongly influences the latter antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33402 activity, with an inhibition zone of 15.90 and 14.25 mm, respectively. The average minimum inhibitory concentration values against S. mutans ATCC 25175 and S. sobrinus ATCC 33402 were found to be 25 and 100 mg/L, respectively, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration values were 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively.
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    Characteristics and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes of kitchen mint and oolong tea kombucha beverages
    (2021-01-01)
    Tanticharakunsiri, Wanlapa
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    Mangmool, Supachoke
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    Kombucha is a healthy traditional beverage which is made by fermenting products with a symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. In present study, leaves of kitchen mint (Mentha cordifolia Opiz. Ex Fresen) and leaves of oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) were fermented in kombucha formula. After fermentation, titratable acidity contents and ethanol of kitchen mint, oolong tea, and mixtures of oolong tea and kitchen mint kombucha samples gradually increased with a period of fermentation time. At day 14 of fermentation, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were increased in all kombucha samples. The numbers of acetic acid bacteria and yeast in kombucha had gradually raised during 7–14 days of fermentation. DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities of these kombucha increased over a period of fermentation time and shown the highest antioxidant capacity on day 14 of fermentation. In addition, all kombucha samples exhibited the antioxidant effects by attenuating H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>-induced ROS production, increasing mRNA expression of catalase, glutathione reductase (GRe), and Mn-SOD, and inducing GRe enzymatic activity in HEK-293 cells. Kombucha beverage can be used as the healthy beverages for attenuation of oxidative stress in many diseases.
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    Proximate composition of the edible part of purple passion fruit and santol and in vitro prebiotic activity of crude polysaccharide extracts
    (2021-06-01) ;
    Kanchanadumkerng, P.
    This study aimed to evaluate the functional and prebiotic properties of the edible portions of certain tropical fruits in Thailand, passion fruit and santol. The proximate composition of passion fruit and santol were analysed which total carbohydrate was the major component in both samples. Total dietary fibre of passion fruit and santol was 44.81 and 26.82% (w/w), respectively, with the majority of insoluble dietary fibre. Soluble dietary fibre of both fruits was extracted by hot water and water-extractable polysaccharide was yielded at 16.47% and 25.24% (w/w) for passion fruit and santol, respectively. The functional properties of fruit fibre were informed, with the satisfactory oil holding capacity of santol polysaccharide. The effect of both fruit polysaccharides on proliferation number at 24 hrs was not different from inulin. Prebiotic activity score of fruit polysaccharide was calculated from the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum compared with the growth of the enteric pathogen, Escherichia coli corresponding to-0.25 and-0.23 for passion fruit and 0.10 and-0.01 for santol, respectively. In conclusion, both passion fruit and santol polysaccharide showed a distinct effect on the supportive growth of probiotic bacteria which may be potential candidate ingredient incorporated in probiotic food. From this evidence, the development of fruit-based synbiotics from passion fruit and santol migh be affordable.
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    Lactobacillus plantarum JCM 1149 Growth Enhancement by using Chlorella sp. KLSc61-pretreated Cells
    (2025-06-01)
    Khanrin, Lalita
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    Boonyakorn, Phonwimon
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    Dry microalgal biomass was previously tested as prebiotic to enhance the growth of probiotic bacteria. However, the drying process could be ineffective for scaling up probiotic production. This study aimed to investigate the use of fresh, pretreated microalgal biomass to promote the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum JCM 1149. Chlorella sp. KLSc61 cells were pretreated by three different methods: physical treatment with microwave radiation at power levels of 300, 500, and 700 W; chemical treatment with 0.1 M citric acid and 0.5 M sodium hydroxide; and biological treatment with cellulase enzyme. The 2.5% pretreated Chlorella cells were then added to L. plantarum JCM 1149 culture, and the growth was observed at 37 °C for 24 h of incubation. The results showed that, during the log phase (6-10 h), Chlorella cells pretreated with microwave radiation at 700 W were the most effective in promoting L. plantarum JCM 1149 growth, which was 1.4- and 1.5-fold of L. plantarum JCM 1149 without adding Chlorella and with untreated cells, respectively. Extension of the pretreatment time by microwave radiation at 700 W from up to 2 min increased the growth of L. plantarum JCM 1149 up to 1.8-fold of pretreatment time by microwave radiation at 700 W 1 min, compared to the control groups. Additionally, increasing the amount of Chlorella biomass up to 5% (w/v) extended the log phase of L. plantarum JCM 1149 and increased cell accumulation during the stationary phase. Unlike dry microalgal biomass, the simplicity of fresh, pretreated Chlorella biomass shown in this study may facilitate large-scale, commercial production of L. plantarum strains as probiotics.
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    Effects of natural sugar on acidogenic potential, biofilm biomass, and antiseptic resistance of oral streptococci
    (2021-01-01)
    Kanchanadumkerng, Pimpikar
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    Natural sugar is deliberated as ordinary, non-chemical, and healthy alternatives. However, a diet rich in sugar is well documented as a causative agent for dental caries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of natural sugars, including raw cane, palmyra palm and coconut sugar on the acidogenic profiles, biofilm formation and antiseptic treatment efficacy compared with refined sugar. The study was based on single-species and dual-species of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Streptococcus sobrinus ATCC 33402. Our results showed that sucrose was a major component of all samples, with percentages of relative content higher than 89.0. Palmyra sugar gave the least pH change at 180 min of 4.84-4.93, which indicated it was the least acidogenic. Coconut sugar formed the lowest level of biofilm biomass compared to refined sugar (p < 0.05) and other samples. Antiseptic treatment was performed to study the level of percent eradication of bacterial plaque using MTT assay to determine cell viability under biofilm in each sugar medium. Biofilm derived from coconut sugar had a susceptibility to antiseptic treatment with 56.2-61.99% eradication which was higher than the biofilm from palmyra and raw cane sugar. As a result, this study points out the effects of various natural sugars (especially different sources of plant material) on cariogenic potential. However, further experiment should be done to confirm the results in vivo and further study the cariogenic effects of diet supplementation of these fermentable sugars.
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    Genome Characterization for the Antimicrobial Potential of Streptomyces samsunensis SA31, a Rhizospheric Actinomycete of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.
    (2025-01-01) ; ;
    Pansomsuay, Rawirat
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    Thanaboripat, Dusanee
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    Streptomyces species are promising resources of bioactive compounds that play a vital role in medicinal biotechnology. Streptomyces sp. SA31 was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. The strain was identified as Streptomyces samsunensis based on genome-based taxonomic analysis. The draft genome of strain SA31 contained 11,850,342 bp with a high percentage of G+C at 71.0% and carried 9,350 predicted protein-encoding sequences (CDSs). Furthermore, the secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters in the genome of strain SA31 were predicted by antiSMASH. In silico analysis showed 71 predicted biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for antimicrobial secondary metabolite synthesis. Most gene clusters were involved in the biosynthesis of polyketide synthase. The genome of strain SA31 harbored seven types of polyketide biosynthesis gene clusters that might be associated with antimicrobial activity. Additionally, the genome of strain SA31 contained unexplored secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters. In vitro antimicrobial assay showed that an ethyl acetate extract from the culture broth of strain SA31 could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Aspergillus flavus IMI 242684, implying that the genome of strain SA31 contained potential BGCs for the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites and led to the isolation of geldanamycin and 17-O-demethylgeldanamycin. Therefore, it can be proved that the rhizosphere-associated soil of C. citratus (DC) Stapf. is a rich habitat for actinomycetes that are capable of producing promising biologically active compounds.
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    Anti-oral streptococci and anti-biofilm properties of Etlingera pavieana essential oil and its bioactive compounds proposed for an alternative herbal mouthwash
    (2024-05-30) ;
    Lapirattanakul, Jinthana
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    Chewchinda, Savita
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    Kanchanadumkerng, Pimpikar
    Oral streptococci are the major group of bacteria in the oral cavity. Some of their species cause oral diseases that may lead to tooth loss and quality-of-life reduction, such as dental caries. One of prevention techniques to promote oral health is rinsing mouthwash after toothbrushing. This study aimed to determine the potential uses of local food, also remedy, plant in Thailand called Reaw-Horm or Etlingera pavieana for alternative herbal mouthwash. The essential oil from E. pavieana rhizome (Eo) is used for anti-streptococci including Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus and anti-biofilm activities. The main components of Eo are methyl chavicol (MC) and trans-anethole (TA). The disk diffusion method showed the inhibition zone of Eo in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Eo and TA was >1.6 % v/v, and 0.4 % v/v of MC. Regarding anti-biofilm activities, MC showed nearly equal anti-biofilm formation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus, whereas Eo and TA acted toward S. sobrinus more than S. mutans biofilm. Sub-MIC killing effects on cells under biofilm were observed in Eo and MC. Therefore, MC was recommended as an active compound for anti-streptococci activities. Biocompatibility of Eo and MC were shown to be safe for epidermal cell lines. Herbal mouthwashes containing Eo were developed and had antioxidant and antimicrobial actions with established for 3 months. This study provides in vitro support on the use of herbal mouthwash with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for dental caries prevention and well-being of individuals.