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    Frequency Domain Spectroscopy Analysis of the Water Tree XLPE Cable
    (2022-01-01)
    Sawatdimongkol, Whichakorn
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    Sawatdimongkol, Worachai
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    Taylim, Alisala
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    Luangpol, Amata
    Water tree is one type of insulation deterioration occurring in polymeric cables such as polyethylene, ethylene-propylene rubber, and cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) caused by the existing impurities in the bulk insulation or imperfection of the semiconductive surface. Moreover, the water tree phenomenon affects the cable's overall lifetime and can be developed into an electrical tree, leading to the failure of the cable. Because of this, the evaluation of water trees becomes one of the most important factors in the condition assessment of the cable. This paper presents the comparison of the dielectric properties of 22 kV XLPE underground cable between aged and new (unused) cables. Furthermore, the water tree was detected in the aged cable. Besides, the evaluation of aged and new cables was performed by frequency-domain spectroscopy (FDS), which measures the insulation's complex capacitance and dissipation factors in the frequency domain. Then, the aged and new cables' complex capacitance and dissipation factor were compared. The test result found that the dissipation factor and imaginary part of the complex capacitance of the aged cable have a higher value than these of the new cable. More or less, the results show that FDS is one of the non-destructive testing methods suitable for assessing the condition of the cable insulation, which deteriorated by water tree.
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    Analysis of electrical insulation paper by Simulation for analyze Polarization and Depolarization current testing method
    (2023-01-01)
    Rakkaphan, Chananut
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    Boonsaner, Nutthaphan
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    This paper presents the quality analysis of insulation paper in distribution transformer oil in Thailand. The country locates in tropical zone and therefore experiences relatively high temperature. Analytical principles based on polarization and depolarization current method with various test conditions are used. Computer simulation can help to analyze the efficiency of insulation paper in transformer oil under different voltages and temperatures. The tested system consists of an electrode inside a high-Temperature and high-voltage control cabinet. It can be concluded that increasing temperature has a marginal effect on the electric field stress of the electrode. However, the rising temperature significantly affects the polarization current that flows through the insulators. The results can indicate the limitation of using oil insulation paper and how to improve the quality of it.
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    Dielectric response analysis for cable joint problems in medium voltage underground cable system
    (2020-01-01)
    Klienhom, Sitthisak
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    Boonsaner, Nutthaphan
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    Nimsanong, Phethai
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    This paper represents the investigation of dielectric response analysis of a cable system composed of a medium voltage XLPE underground cable, a heat-shrink cable joint and a heat-shrink cable termination. A 12/20(24) kV single core XLPE underground cable with the nominal cross-section area of 240 mm<sup>2</sup>, three pieces of 22 kV cable joints, and eight pieces of 22 kV cable termination were prepared for the experiment. Then, polarization and depolarization current (PDCs) measurement were performed. The experiments were divided into two parts. The first part was composed series of three tests, A — C, and the second part consisted series of two tests, D — E, as follows: Test A examined dielectric response of a 6 m healthy XLPE underground cable, Test B examined dielectric response of a 6 m healthy XLPE underground cable with two healthy cable terminations, Test C examined dielectric response of a two of 3 m healthy XLPE underground cable with healthy cable terminations connected by a healthy cable joint, Test D used the test object similarly as case C but the cable joint was contaminated with copper particles, and Test E used the test object similarly as case C but the cable joint was contaminated with tiny pieces of water blocking. From the experiment, the PDCs and the derived dielectric parameters such as geometrical capacitance, insulation resistance, polarization index, depolarization index, charge difference curve and charge ratio curve were analyzed. The PDCs and the derived parameters were found different for each case of study as details in this paper. Besides, the charge ratio proposed by authors is a valuable parameter for the diagnosis of insulation system of high voltage equipment.
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    A locating diagnosis of partial discharge on cross-bonding ground system
    (2021-05-19)
    Inwanna, W.
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    Mongkolsatitpong, S.
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    At the present, Thailand has turned the attention to Underground Cable (UC) systems and trends to use it more to safety, stability and reliability of electrical system. However, one problem that can affect to this electrical system is the Partial Discharge (PD) problem. Most of PD problems are caused by incomplete installation, maintenance reason and insulation degradation on the weakest part, especially cable joint. This paper proposes a method of analysis to locate the PD source in UC systems with Cross Bonding (CB) focus on cable joints. This work has carried out in laboratory on CB system model using 50ohm R58 coaxial cable instead of underground cable. The PD detection technique according to IEEE 400.3 standard with a RFCT sensor to refer the appropriate signal. This work uses a PD diagnostic device that can filter noise from the PD groups and separate groups of PD for greater analysis accuracy. To determine which cable joint is PD source and to be able to fix it on the spot. The PD signal analysis are performed by using time of arrival method considered together with the characteristics and the polarity of the PD pulse.
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    The Effect of Surface Leakage Current on Frequency Domain Spectroscopy of 22 kV OIP Bushing
    (2024-01-01)
    Rojanasunan, Warisanan
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    Chumpiboon, Komin
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    Udomluksananon, Patt
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    Jeenmuang, Siwakorn
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    In this paper the dielectric response in frequency domain or frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) is used to assess the effect of surface leakage current both from high voltage side and ground side on the FDS results of OIP bushings. The test object in this paper is a 22 kV OIP bushing which is out of service. The surface leakage current can be simulated using the copper tape as a bandage around the bushing core in several locations. From the FDS results, several parameters i.e., dissipation factor, capacitance, and capacitance ratio together with frequency scanning of capacitance and dissipation factor from many cases were investigated to get the fundamental knowledge of how to interpret the FDS result of OIP bushing.
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    Control of a 3-Phase 12/8 Switched Reluctance Generator for Future Energy System Applications
    (2024-01-01)
    This paper presents implementation of a control system for a 3-phase 12/8 switched reluctance generator (SRG). The study has confirmed the potential of switched reluctance machines to be decent alternatives in renewable energy applications, energy storage systems and electrified transportation systems. Initially, a dynamic model of the SRG was created in MATLAB/Simulink environment to achieve useful preliminary results from computer simulation. Next, in hardware realization, the proposed system employed a standard asymmetric half-bridge (AHB) converter to generate a voltage of 200 V at the DC-link. Optimal turn-on and turn-off angles of phase current waveforms were used through commutation signals generated by a simple and inexpensive opto-interrupter rotor position sensor. There were two closed-loop controls involved in the system. The outer loop was for DC-link voltage control using PI controller while the inner loop was for phase current control using soft chopping hysteresis control technique. Finally, real-time control was implemented using an economical dsPIC30F4011 microcontroller. Experimental results have shown acceptable performance of the proposed SRG control system in various conditions, including normal operation, speed change and step reference voltage change. The DC-link voltage can be satisfactorily regulated when subjected to those conditions.
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    Test Chamber Designed with Temperature Control for Partial Discharge and Polarization and Depolarization Current Testing
    (2020-10-25)
    Boonsaner, Nutthaphan
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    Panoon, Nitouch
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    This paper presents the temperature-controlled test chamber for Partial Discharge and Polarization and Depolarization Current test of dielectric liquid including impregnated pressboards with the various conditions. Besides, the temperature of the test specimen is controlled between room temperature to 300°C. The temperature distribution in the test chamber was simulated. Besides, the electric field stress at the electrodes were simulated. Furthermore, different kinds of sensors such as a thermocouple, gas sensors, and so on were designed to be equipped within the test chamber. From the simulated result, both electric field stress and temperature distribution were in the given conditions.
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    Frequency Domain Spectroscopy of Pressboard Impregnated with Natural Ester under Thermal Stress
    (2022-01-01)
    Chumpiboon, K.
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    Kittikhuntharadol, Y.
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    Maneerot, S.
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    One of the most popular insulating liquids is mineral oil, which is used in many high-voltage apparatuses, especially in transformers. For a few decades, the concept of the use of alternative insulating liquids has been presented. Natural ester is a vegetable-based insulating liquid. Pressboard is a type of electrical insulation paper made of cellulose. Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS) has been used to assess the insulation characteristics such as oil-impregnated paper. In this paper, the FDS of pressboard impregnated with natural ester under thermal stress and pressboard impregnated with natural ester were studied. In the experiment, the pressboard test specimens were heated at 100 degrees Celsius in a vacuum oven for 48 hours to reduce the moisture. Then, the test specimens were impregnated with natural ester for 0, 8, 16, and 24 hours. After that, they were simulated with thermal stress by heating at 150 degrees Celsius in a vacuum oven for 0, 30, and 90 days. To analyze their dielectric integrity, FDS was performed by DIRANA. The test cell for solid insulation testing, according to JIS C2111 was prepared and used for the FDS experiment. The result shows that the characteristics of the natural ester-impregnated pressboard that had been subjected to thermal stress were slightly different when compared with the same impregnation time of the pressboard.
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    The Study and Analysis of Oil-immersed Power Transformer by Using Artificial Neural Network for Designing Program Apply in the Industry of Testing Oil-immersed Transformers
    (2020-10-25)
    Boonsaner, Nutthaphan
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    Bunnag, Chisanucha
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    Suwantaweesuk, Achirawit
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    Vongphanich, Kiattisak
    This research presents the study and analysis of faults in the oil-immersed transformer. Abnormalities can be analyzed from the Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) test. The oil has a variety of compounds such as hydrocarbons, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. The amount of gas in oil has distinctive characteristics that can indicate abnormalities in different types. This program is developed based on according to standard IEEE Std C57.104TM - 2019. This program is designed to detect for defects in oil-immersed transformers by using artificial neural networks (Artificial Neural Network: ANN). The program using MATLAB programs is prepared for maintenance planning and supports applications from basic learning to industrial sector.
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    The Effects of Coupling and Grounding on the Partial Discharge Pulse Propagation in the Underground Cable
    (2022-01-01)
    Rojanasunan, W.
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    Jeenmuang, S.
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    Mongkolsatitpong, S.
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    When a Partial Discharge (PD) pulse propagates through a cross-bonded (CB) power cable system, such pulse undergoes attenuation and dispersion along a cable. Moreover, the coupling effect occurs when a PD pulse propagates in HV cable joints and CB link lines. This paper aims to study the effects of coupling phenomena and groundings on the PD pulse propagation. The experiments were divided into 3 parts: the experiment for attenuation in the conductor and ground wire, the experiment for coupling effect, and the experiment for different grounding configuration. The experimental setups used a 30 m length of new 33 kV XLPE insulated cable. PD pulses was obtained from a PD calibrator, and the pulses are detected by Radio Frequency Current Transformer at various positions. The knowledge gained from this research should be useful for a deep understanding of pulse propagation and PD source localization in CB power cable systems.