Now showing 1 - 10 of 14
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    Numerical heat transfer study of square duct equipped with novel flapped V-baffles
    (2024-03-01) ; ;
    Skullong, Sompol
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    Promthaisong, Pitak
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    Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
    The paper describes a computational study of heat transfer enhancement inside a square duct with V-shaped flapped baffles located repeatedly on the bottom and top walls for fluid flowing with Reynolds numbers (Re) from 3000 to 21,000. The basic goal of this work is to attain the largest relative Nusselt number (Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf>) whilst maintaining the highest thermal performance to improve energy savings. A finite volume method was used in the computations, along with the Realizable k‒ε turbulent model. The variable baffle parameters considered first in the current simulation were the relative height/blockade ratio (B<inf>R</inf> = 0.05−0.2) and the flap angle of the baffle hole (β = 0° − 90°), while the fixed parameters included the attack angle (α = 60°), hole diameter ratio (d<inf>R</inf> = 0.5), and pitch ratio (P<inf>R</inf> = 0.5). To accomplish this goal, the previously mentioned parameters providing the best thermal performance were investigated further by extending the values of B<inf>R</inf> to 0.25−0.3, d<inf>R</inf> to 0.8 and α to 45°−30°. The simulation results indicate that the jet flowing from the flapped hole, as well as the vortices created by the baffle, can boost heat transfer and friction loss in comparison to the plain duct. In comparison, using a flapped baffle with β > 0° results in less friction loss, a greater thermal enhancement factor (TEF), and a higher Nusselt number than using a baffle with no flap. The first investigation disclosed that for B<inf>R</inf> = 0.2 and β = 20°, the greatest TEF of 2.19 with Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf> of 7.9 times are obtained. The extended study, on the other hand, showed that the highest TEF of roughly 2.49 with Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf> of 8.4 times are seen for α = 45°, d<inf>R</inf> = 0.8, B<inf>R</inf> = 0.25 and β = 20° at lowest Re. Thus, the flapped baffle provides a significant increase in Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf> and TEF over the baffle alone.
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    Augmented thermal effectiveness in solar air receiver with flapped curved winglets: Experimental and numerical analysis
    (2025-12-01)
    Sripattanapipat, Somchai
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    ; ;
    Promthaisong, Pitak
    ;
    Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
    Thermal effectiveness was examined on a solar air receiver equipped with a new lengthwise vortex generator, namely a flapped curved winglet (FCW) mounted on the absorber, utilizing experimental and numerical approaches. Two arrays were employed to assemble two FCWs on the absorber at an angle of attack (α = 59.5°). The FCWs' V-tips were orientated upstream (VU-FCW) and downstream (VD-FCW). Air served as the working fluid, entering a constantly heat-fluxed channel at Reynolds numbers (Re) varying from 5280 to 22,510. Three relative winglet pitches (P<inf>R</inf> = P/H = 1.0–2.0), five winglet-mounted flap angles (β = 0° - 90°), and one winglet blockage ratio (b/H=B<inf>R</inf> = 0.6) were among the major factors. According to the findings, lowering P<inf>R</inf> and β greatly enhances the f (friction factor) and Nu (Nusselt number) of the two FCW arrays. The FCW with P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0 and β = 0° has the largest Nu and f values, approximately 8.3 and 77.39 times bigger than the smooth flat channel, as per the test data. The maximal thermal effectiveness factors (TEF) of the VD-FCW and VU-FCW were approximately 2.83 and 2.61, respectively, at comparable β = 45° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1.5. The f and Nu correlations in employing FCW were also provided. A 3D computational analysis employing the realizable k-ε turbulence model was conducted to examine heat transmission and flow patterns, with the corresponding measured data validating the expected results. The numerical and measured data sets yielded consistent results, and the FCW's heat transmission mechanism was also described.
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    Effect of louver-perforated V-type baffles on thermal effectiveness and entropy in round tube
    (2025-08-01) ;
    Sripattanapipat, Somchai
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    ;
    Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
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    Skullong, Sompol
    An experimental investigation was conducted to assess the influence of insertion of a louver-perforated V-type baffle (LVB) vortex generator into a consistent heat-fluxed tube on thermal performance. This study aimed to optimize thermal effectiveness to boost energy savings and reduce the heat exchanger size. The experiments focused on investigating the thermal features, as well as estimating the entropy of turbulent flow at Reynolds numbers (Re) varying between 4750 and 29,290. The LVBs were positioned in two different arrays on a supporting tape during the present experiment: “V-down” and “V-up,” with the V-apex oriented upstream and downstream, respectively, at a fixed attack angle (α = 52°). At one relative baffle height (B<inf>R</inf> = 0.3) and pitch (P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0), the LVBs dealt with six louver flapped angles (θ = 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, and 90°) in addition to three louver-hole sizes and locations (θ<inf>1</inf>, θ<inf>2</inf> and θ<inf>12</inf>). Comparative analysis was also conducted on data obtained from the current smooth tube. According to the findings, the louver angle θ<inf>1</inf> = 20°, located on the baffle's trailing end, had the greatest relative Nusselt number (Nu<inf>R</inf>), which was 5.9 times for V-down and 6.38 times for V-up. Furthermore, compared to the V-down and V-up solid baffles (θ = 0°), their friction losses were lessened. The V-up LVB reached its minimum value at θ<inf>1</inf> = 20°, corresponding to the lowest Re. At θ<inf>1</inf> = 20°, the V-up LVB attained its minimum entropy generation (S˙<inf>gen</inf><sup>′</sup>) and maximum reduced entropy factor (S<inf>R</inf>) around 20.3. At a comparable θ<inf>1</inf> = 20°, the maximal thermal effectiveness factor (TEF) of V-down and V-up were approximately 2.39 and 2.59, respectively. The estimation and documentation of correlations were also performed for the parameters under consideration, namely Nu, f, and TEF.
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    Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of a Heat Exchanger Tube with Inserted Curved-Wing Tape Vortex Generators
    (2024-10-24)
    Koolnapadol, Narin
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    Promthaisong, Pitak
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    Hoonpong, Panuwat
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    Khanoknaiyakarn, Chitakorn
    In the current study, thermal patterns and flow resistance in a heat exchange tube equipped with a curved-wing tape (CWT) vortex generator were experimentally analyzed to boost performance. A range of Reynolds numbers (Re) from 4130 to 25,370 was utilized in the experiment. The curved wings were arranged in forward array patterns for pitch length ratios (P/D = PR = 2.5, 2, and 1.5) and three wing attack angles (α = 10°, 20°, and 30°). The friction factor, f, and the Nusselt number, Nu, were utilized to quantify the pressure loss and heat transmission caused by the CWT insertion. The measured data reveal that utilizing the CWT resulted in a roughly 2.55-4.37 times greater increase in Nu than the smooth tube, whereas the rise in f is approximately 7.36-46.9 times. Raising the α value causes the Nu and f to trend upward, but increasing PR causes them to trend downward. The CWT's maximal thermal performance is approximately 1.58 at α = 10<sup>o</sup> and PR = 1.5. Correlations for f and Nu in the functional form of the CWT parameters have also been established.
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    Thermal performance evaluation of a diamond-shaped roughened tube
    (2025-12-01)
    Chokphoemphun, Suriya
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    Kamma, Panit
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    ;
    Promthaisong, Pitak
    Thermal performance evaluation was examined numerically in a diamond-shaped roughened tube, which created recirculation and pair counter-rotation flows, which helped to disrupt the boundary layer, and increased fluid mixing led to improving the rate of heat transfer. The parameters studied, including relative depth ratio, e/D, DR, from 0.02 ≤ DR ≤ 0.14, and relative pitch ratio, p/D, PR, from 0.25 ≤ PR ≤ 1.5, under turbulent flow conditions, 3000 ≤ Re ≤ 20,000. Computed results included heat transfer (Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf>), frictional loss (f/f<inf>0</inf>) and thermal performance (in terms of thermal enhancement factor, TEF). The simulations showed that the velocity and heat transfer became fully developed periodic at around x/D ≈ 6–7.5. The pair counter-rotation flows increased the level of both the flow strength and the mixing of fluid, and disrupted the boundary layer, leading to an increase in heat transfer rate. The Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf>, f/f<inf>0</inf> and TEF were achieved in a range of 1.00–3.34, 1.21–24.00 and 0.69–1.56. The maximum TEF was found at 1.56 for DR = 0.08, PR = 0.50 and Re = 5000.
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    Thermal effectiveness and entropy-exergy estimation in a tube with punched double V-winglets
    (2026-06-01) ;
    Sripattanapipat, Somchai
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    ;
    Erfanian Nakhchi, Mahdi
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    Skullong, Sompol
    Vortex generators are effective devices for enhancing heat transfer rates in heating or cooling systems with minimal frictional losses via the production of streamwise vortices. This research effort presents the perforated double V-winglet (P-DVW) and looks at how it affects heat transmission and friction when mounted inside a heat exchange tube that is consistently heated for producing multiple vortices whereas its flow is turbulent. Optimizing thermal performance for increased energy savings and maximizing the Nusselt number ( Nu ) to minimize heat exchanger size are the major goals. Thermal characteristics, including generated entropy and exergy efficiency, are explored in depth. A Reynolds number (Re) that varies from 4760 to 29,270 is employed to explore the friction and thermal features of the tube. The P-DVW parameters encompass attack angles of α<inf>2</inf> = 15° and α<inf>1</inf> = 30°, four porosity ratios ( A <inf>h</inf>/ A <inf>w</inf> = 0, 0.0188, 0.0523, and 0.1026), and three pitch ratios, P<inf>R</inf>, (0.75, 1, and 1.25), while maintaining a constant winglet height. At P<inf>R</inf> = 0.75 and A <inf>h</inf>/ A <inf>w</inf> = 0, the P-DVW exhibits peak f and Nu values around 23.83 and 5.31 times bigger than those of the plain tube, accordingly. Further, under the specified conditions, it yields minimal entropy production, while the optimal exergy efficiency is roughly 0.9829. The thermal effectiveness of P-DVW is anticipated to reach its maximum at 2.55 with Nu<inf>R</inf> = 4.54 at A <inf>h</inf>/ A <inf>w</inf> = 0.0523 and P<inf>R</inf> = 0.75 to reveal its actual benefits. Furthermore, the correlations of f , Nu , and TEF were determined for the examined range of values.
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    Effect of trapezoidal louvered winglets on increased heat transfer and exergy in tubular heat exchanger
    (2024-10-01) ; ; ;
    Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
    ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    The effect of inserting a trapezoidal louvered winglet tape (TLWT) into a uniformly heat-fluxed tube on its thermal effectiveness was studied experimentally. The exergy and entropy analyses for turbulent flows, as well as frictional loss and thermal features, were highlighted as key aspects of the experimental finding for the Reynolds number which measured between about 4700 and 30,000. Because fixing baffles to the curved shape of tube wall presented a challenge, the baffles were consequently positioned on double surfaces of a flat tape. Six values of the louver angle (θ<inf>1</inf> = 0°, 25°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and three values of the relative pitch of winglet (P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) were employed in the arrangement of TLWTs, with the V-apex oriented upstream (V-up). Each of these had only a fixed height (B<inf>R</inf> = 0.25) and angle of attack (α = 30°). The winglets were utilized to induce streamwise vortices which can hinder the boundary layer formation, while the louvered openings were adopted to lessen pressure drop without significantly impacting the primary vortices. The experiment results disclosed that the smallest θ<inf>1</inf> and P<inf>R</inf> produced the largest relative friction factor (f<inf>R</inf>) and Nu<inf>R</inf>, which were about 13.57 and 4.04 times higher, while P<inf>R</inf> = 1 and θ<inf>1</inf> = 45° provide the greatest TEF of about 2.27. The greatest exergy efficiency (η<inf>Ex</inf>) resulting from the TLWT was reached at θ<inf>1</inf> = 0°, but the generation of entropy (S˙<inf>g</inf><sup>′</sup>) dropped with lowering θ<inf>1</inf> and Re. A further examination, however, showed that the best scenario with α = 60° and staggered arrays is more desirable since it yields the largest TEF of 2.45 at θ<inf>1</inf> = 45° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1. For the range of parameters under consideration, the Nu and f correlations were additionally established.
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    Thermal performance augmentation in a solar air heater with twisted multiple V–baffles
    (2024-11-01)
    Chompookham, Teerapat
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    Eiamsa-ard, Smith
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    Buanak, Kalong
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    ;
    Maruyama, Naoki
    A 3D numerical investigation of thermal performance augmentation of a twisted multiple V–baffles in a solar air heater is presented. Two important functions of the twisted multiple V–baffles are to generate multiple impinging flows upon the wall to improve the convective heat transfer (compared with a smooth channel) and reduce the pressure drop (compared with a typical multiple V–baffles). These outcomes enhance thermal performance. The results of heat transfer (in terms of a Nusselt number ratio), pressure drop (in terms of a friction factor ratio) and thermal performance (in terms of a thermal enhancement factor) of a twisted multiple V–baffles were compared with both a smooth channel and a typical multiple V–baffles. Eighty–one cases including those with a pitch ratio of PR = 0.4–2.0; blockage ratio, BR = 0.10–0.20; angle of attack, α = 30<sup>o</sup> – 60<sup>o</sup> and a fixed number of twisted loops, n = 2, were investigated in turbulent flow. The results revealed that the twisted multiple V–baffles created multiple impinging jets at the heated wall and help accelerate heat transfer between the wall and the fluid. Compared to a typical multiple V–baffles, the friction factor showed a large decrease while the Nusselt number was slightly lower leading to better thermal performance. Over the study range, PR = 0.4, BR = 0.20, and α = 60<sup>o</sup> appeared to yield the highest thermal enhancement factor, 2.81 at Re = 3000.
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    Enhanced thermal performance in solar receiver duct with louver-punched V-type winglets: Numerical and experimental study
    (2025-03-01) ;
    Sripattanapipat, Somchai
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    Promthaisong, Pitak
    ;
    Skullong, Sompol
    ;
    An experimental and computational research was performed to explore the augmentation of turbulent convection in a solar receiver channel by utilizing louver-punched V-type winglets (LPVWs) that were fixed to the absorber plate. The simulation utilized the realizable k-ε turbulent model, and the predicated outputs were verified by the relevant measured data. At a fixed attack angle (α) of 45°, the LPVW components were mounted on the absorber with the V-tip facing downstream. Using the LPVW, the newly developed absorber is intended to boost thermal performance by generating multiple flows of longitudinal vortices that induce impinging air streams onto the absorber, thereby enhancing heat transmission. The louvered hole on the winglet serves to reduce pressure loss while preserving the primary vortices. In the current investigation, the winglet parameters consisted of a single relative winglet height (B<inf>R</inf> = 0.4), four louver size ratios (R<inf>L</inf> = e<inf>1</inf>/b = 0.9, 0.7, 0.5, and 0.3), and five louver-flapped angles (β = 90°, 60°, 45°, 30°, and 0°). The LPVW with β > 0° substantially reduced the solid-winglet (β = 0°) friction loss, whereas the heat transmission was slightly declined, as indicated by the results. The solid winglet (β = 0°) exhibited the largest frictional loss and heat transmission, with values approximately 6.3 and 48.2 times the smooth flat duct, respectively. The optimal performance of the LPVW was roughly 2.58, at R<inf>L</inf> = 0.9 and β = 45° Furthermore, empirical correlations for heat transmission and frictional loss were established for this solar receiver duct system. To investigate the heat transmission and flow patterns, a 3-dimensional numerical simulation was implemented, and the predictions were verified against the measured data. The findings were in good accord between the numerical and measured data. For greater thermal performance, the LPVW is reconfigured by altering the locations of the louver holes. The revised LPVW exhibits a peak TEF of 2.7 at β = 35°, l<inf>2</inf>/l<inf>1</inf> = 0.15, l<inf>3</inf>/l<inf>1</inf> = -0.15 and R<inf>L</inf> = 0.9, about 4.65 % superior than the initial analysis.
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    Performance Assessment of Solar Air Heater Channel with Inclined Groove Turbulators
    (2025-05-19)
    Koolnapadol, N.
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    Khanoknaiyakarn, C.
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    Promthaisong, P.
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    Hoonpong, P.
    An experimental investigation was carried out to explore the thermal performance and frictional loss features in a solar air heater (SAH) channel that was intentionally roughened on the absorber surface using multiple inclined groove turbulators. The working fluid, air, flows into the SAH channel, which has a consistent surface heat flux for Reynolds numbers (Re) varying between 5290 and 22,600 in the current research. Thermal characteristics at a single inclination angle (a = 45°) are investigated in this research by comparing the effects of three distinct relative groove frequencies (P/H=PR=0.8, 1.2 and 1.6) and groove depth ratios (D/H=DR=0.16, 0.24 and 0.32). The findings highlight that the employ of inclined grooves results in a noticeable rise in Nusselt number (Nu) from 1.24 to 2.82 times relative to the smooth absorber plate (smooth channel), as well as a 1.88 to 7.9 times increase in friction factor (f). The Nu and f show an increasing trend when Re increases, whereas the opposite pattern occurs as DR and PR increase. At PR = 0.8 and DR = 0.32, the inclined groove roughness has the largest thermal effectiveness factor (TEF) of around 1.64. The Nu and f correlations, which are functions of inclined groove features, have also been established.