Areerat, Surat

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Areerat, Surat
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Areerat, S.
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surat.ar@kmitl.ac.th

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    The Effects of Foaming Conditions on Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Foam Morphology by using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
    (2018-01-01)
    Chuaponpat, Natthapong
    ;
    Areerat, Surat
    This research studies the effects of foaming conditions by using supercritical (scCO<inf>2</inf>) as a physical blowing agent on plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam morphology. Foaming conditions were foaming temperature of 40, 60, and 80 <sup>o</sup>C, foaming pressure of 120, 150, and 170 bar at constant soaking time of 30 min. Depressurization was employed to activate nucleation and samples were cooled at room temperature about 30 <sup>o</sup>C for stabilization, which cause shrinkage behavior. PVC foam samples were calculated percentage of shrinkage (Sh) by using density at before and after aging process at 30 <sup>o</sup>C for 12 h to make sure for completely permeation of air into foam structure. PVC foam by using scCO<inf>2</inf> as a physical blowing agent reveal uniform closed bubble and regular foam structure with thin bubble wall (less than 5 μm). At high solubility of scCO<inf>2</inf>, PVC foam samples contain bubble diameter with less than 20 μm and high bubble density within the range of 10<sup>8</sup> - 10<sup>11</sup> bubbles/cm<sup>3</sup>. PVC foam samples at low solubility foaming conditions display a large bubble diameter (more than 140 μm) and lower bubble density (10<sup>6</sup> bubbles/cm<sup>3</sup>). These foam samples are be able to reduce the density about 75% when compared with unfoamed sample but it structure highly shrink with Sh more than 50%.
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    The effects of foaming conditions on plasticized polyvinyl chloride foam morphology by using liquid carbon dioxide
    (2017-11-29)
    Chuaponpat, N.
    ;
    Areerat, S.
    This research studies the effects of foaming conditions by using liquid carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) as a physical blowing agent on plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam morphology. Foaming conditions were soaking time of 6, 10, and 12 h, foaming temperature of 70, 80, 90 °C for 5 s, at constant soaking temperature of -20 °C and pressure of 50 bar. Instantaneously increasing temperature was employed in this process for making foam structure. PVC foam samples were calculated percentage of shrinkage (Sh) by using density at before and after aging process at 30 °C for 12 h. When PVC samples were activated to form foam by using liquid CO<inf>2</inf> as a physical blowing agent, it reveal bimodal foam structure with a thick bubble wall (10-20 μm). Bubble diameter of PVC foam at longer soaking time is in the range of 40-60 μm and its at shorter soaking time reveal a large bubble that is in the range of 80-120 μm. Foaming condition slightly affected to bubble density that was in the narrow range of 10<sup>6</sup>-10<sup>8</sup> bubbles/cm<sup>3</sup>. PVC foam reveal reduction of density up to 65% when compare with PVC and Sh is less than 10%.
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    Preparation of carbon aerogel microspheres by a simple-injection emulsification method
    (2013-09-01)
    Chaichanawong, Jintawat
    ;
    Kongcharoen, Koranit
    ;
    Areerat, Surat
    Carbon aerogel microspheres were successfully prepared using a simple-injection emulsification method, employing sol-gel polycondensation of a resorcinol-formaldehyde solution containing sodium carbonate as a catalyst. This process was followed by solvent exchange using acetone, supercritical drying with carbon dioxide and carbonization in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of curing time before starting injection, injection rate and agitation rate of continuous phase on the particle size and the porous properties of the carbon aerogel microspheres was investigated. Adsorption of phenol by using the prepared carbon aerogel microspheres was also examined. The diameter of carbon aerogel microspheres was controlled in the range of 20-55 μm by varying injection rate and agitation rate. The mean diameter of carbon aerogel microspheres decreased with increasing the injection rate and the agitation rate, whereas their mean diameter was independent of the curing time. The BET surface area and total pore volume of carbon aerogel microspheres increased with increasing the curing time. In contrast, their BET surface area and total pore volume decreased with increasing the injection rate and the agitation rate. The BET surface area, total pore volume, mesopore volume and micropore volume of the carbon aerogel microspheres with a mean diameter of 45 μm were 903 m <sup>2</sup>/g, 0.60 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, 0.31 cm<sup>3</sup>/g and 0.27 cm <sup>3</sup>/g, respectively. The phenol-adsorption capacity of these carbon aerogel microspheres was 29.3 mg phenol/g adsorbent. © 2013 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.