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    Changes in the activity of enzymes associated with enzymatic browning and chemical composition during Musa sapientum Linn. 'Kluai Khai' banana fruit ripening
    (2023-07-01)
    Makboriboon, N.
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    The results showed that the initial firmness of banana fruit harvested at the raw stage was 7 N and decreased to less than 2 N at overripe and very ripe stages. The total soluble solids increased throughout the ripening period, whereas the titratable acidity maintained a high level during the ripening process. The banana peel stayed green during the raw stage, and the yellow color formed between the unripe stage to the overripe stage. The lightness of the banana peel increased from the raw stage to the ripe stage, decreased at the overripe stage, and then dropped sharply at the very ripe stage. This color change was linked to the browning incidence of the fruit peel and an increasing browning area and soluble browning pigment content. The PPO and POD showed a low activity at the raw stage and then increased with advancing ripening and maintained a significantly higher level than the raw fruit. The findings of this study exhibited that the ripening stages of the 'Kluai Khai' banana influence the firmness, peel color, and browning incidence of the fruit peel and the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities.
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    Induced mutation of curcuma hybrid cv. sweetmemory through tissue culture by ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS)
    (2025-01-01)
    Yoosumran, V.
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    Ruamrungsri, S.
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    Akarapisarn, A.
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    The ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) is induced mutation in Curcuma hybrid cv. sweetmemory. The shoot size 1 cm were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 2 mg/l BA for plantlet induction. After 8 weeks of culture, it was observed that the shoots soaked in 0% EMS at 60 and 120 minutes survived 100%. In additions it was found the highest percentage of shoot emergence, number of shoots, and plant height. While plants treated with EMS solution had decreased survival and growth rates. Thereafter, existing plantlets were potted, and growth was observed. It turned out that the plants none receiving EMS solution (control) had the survival rate and growth rate were better than those of the plants receiving EMS solution. Results showed that control plants receiving 0% EMS at 60 minutes gave highest content of chlorophyll a as 4.06 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>, chlorophyll b of 2.08 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> and carotenoid of 3.09 µg/cm<sup>2</sup> but there was none statistical difference with the plants that received EMS solution. The control plants had larger stomata sizes than those that received the EMS solution. However, there was no difference in the number of chloroplasts among treatments. The living plantlets from all treatments were tested Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker and genomic DNA was extracted from fresh leaves. A dendrogram was constructed polymorphic bands using the NTSYSpc program (version 2.10p) showing 2 clusters which separated with similarity coefficients ranging from 0.74-1.00.
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    Gene actions of resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) of six F1 hybrid chili cultivars at the mature green fruit stage
    (2023-01-01)
    Sangarun, P.
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    Tsai, W. S.
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    Techawongstien, S.
    Anthracnose is an economically important fungal disease affecting the yield and fruit quality of chili in the tropics. This study aimed to assess the anthracnose disease reaction in six hybrid chili pepper cultivars compared with their parental lines. Two male resistant lines were crossed with three commercial female parents by North Carolina mating design II. All chili genotypes were grown in the greenhouse in a randomized complete block design with three replications, 10 plants each. Five mature green fruit plant<sup>-1</sup> were harvested and inoculated with C. acutatum by using the microinjection method. ANT4 had smaller lesions than ANT10. Additionally, the F1-hybrids derived from ANT4 showed smaller disease lesions (7.47-9.82 mm) than on those derived from ANT10 (9.40-11.04 mm). However, the percentage heterosis of anthracnose disease traits in ‘Jindanil 80’ (JD) and ANT4 gave the lowest value to other parents. Hybrid JD × ANT4 showed the lowest anthracnose lesion size. However, the heterosis of cross the NM × ANT10 was the most negative at -43.68. The mode of gene action was found to be additive rather than involving dominant effects, with a narrow-sense heritability of 50.9% and broad sense heritability of 70.1%. Therefore, the resistant parent ANT4 cultivar is crucial for use as a resistant elite line for producing good F1 hybrid tolerance to anthracnose disease.
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    The effect of BA on inducing shoots of Philodendron erubescent 'Pink Princes' in vitro
    (2023-11-01)
    Chiewchan, N.
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    The study investigated the influence of plant growth regulator on the induction of direct shoots from node explants of Philodendron erubescens 'Pink Princes' in vitro condition. The result showed that the most of width, length, and height was observed in MS + BA 0.5 mg/l, measuring 3.40 cm × 3.22 cm × 1.96 cm and 1.74 g fresh weight. The highest number of shoots was consistently observed 60.44 shoots per nodal MDA content (1.91 nmol/g FW) and phenolic content (9.51 mg GAE/g FW) are lowest. The explant was cultured on MS medium performed highest chlorophyll content (chl A 213.96 μg/g FW, chl B 162.54 μg/ FW, total chlorophyll 304.64 μg/FW) and carotenoid content (2.61 μg/g FW) Moreover, they were the largest plant with green leaves when compared to another treatment.
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    Effect of ethyl methanesulfonate on growth and morphology of Doritis pulcherrima Lindl.
    (2026-01-01)
    Supreeworakij, S.
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    Results showed that 0.5 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l NAA promoted the greatest seedling growth, with increased leaf number, leaf length, plant height, and root development. In the third experiment, protocorm-like bodies were treated with EMS at 0, 0.5, and 1.0% for 60 or 90 minutes. Survival declined with increasing concentration and time, with LD₅₀ values of 0.82% at 60 minutes and 0.54% at 90 minutes. Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, and carotenoids were not significantly affected, but stomatal size changed. Stomatal width and length increased under 1.0% EMS, while density decreased from 220.17 to 149.47 stomata/mm². EMS treatment for 90 minutes showed an increased density relative to 60 min. RAPD analysis using 10 primers revealed high polymorphism indicating EMS induced genetic variation. Cluster analysis divided 22 samples into 9 groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.89, confirming genetic diversity despite no visible morphological changes.
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    Lotus flower extract as a natural anti-browning agent for fresh romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia)
    (2023-11-01)
    Pradabkun, N.
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    Yeamsuriyotai, K.
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    The effect of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.), butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) and Siam tulip (Curcuma sessilis) aqueous extract on reduction of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) were evaluated. Results showed that in vitro lotus flower aqueous extract exerted the highest reduction of PPO and POD activities on the romaine lettuce. The effectiveness of in vivo application of lotus flower aqueous extract to control browning cut stem ends of fresh romaine was examined. Romaine lettuce harvested as a whole plant and cut off at the stem. Cut stem ends of romaine lettuce were dipped in various concentrations of lotus flower extract for 5 min and packaged in polypropylene plastic bags. Weight loss, color, browning index as well as PPO and POD activities were evaluated during 12 days of storage at temperature of 10±2°C and relative humidity 50±5%. Cut stem ends dipped in 0.5% aqueous extract of lotus flower resulted in inhibition of browning of cut stem ends and decrease in PPO and POD activities. Thus, exogenous 0.5% aqueous lotus flower extract treatment could be a useful application to alleviate browning in cut stem ends of fresh romaine lettuce.
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    Micropropagation of young inflorescence Curcuma hybrid In vitro
    (2022-05-01)
    Yoosumran, V.
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    Ruamrungsri, S.
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    Akarapisarn, A.
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    Five cultivars of curcuma hybrid consisted of 3 Paracurcuma and 2 Eucurcuma young inflorescences were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0, 0.5 and 1 mg/l NAA and BA for 8 weeks. It was found that young inflorescences Paracurcuma hybrid Curcuma ‘Yuki’ cultured on MS medium supplement with the 1 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BA were able to induce the most shoots at 2.67 shoots, with the highest percentage of shoots (80.00%) and the average plant height is 5 cm. For Curcuma ‘Burgundy’ and Curcuma ‘Phonphisit’ cultured on MS medium supplement with 1 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BA, they were able to induce the most shoots at 1.66 and 1.78 shoots, the highest percentage of shoots is 73.33 and 76.67% respectively and the average plant height is 5 cm. The other cultivars Eucurcuma consist of Curcuma ‘Sweetmemory’ and Curcuma ‘Banrai Red’. The young inflorescences were divided into 2 parts, the upper and the lower one. The result shows that the lower shoot induction is better than upper one. Curcuma ‘Sweetmemory’ grown on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l BA were able to induce the most shoots at 2.38 shoots, and the highest percentage of shoots is 83.33%. Curcuma ‘Banrai Red’ grown on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA and 1 mg/l BA were able to induce the most shoots at 1.98 shoots, the highest percentage of shoots is 63.33% and both cultivars were the same height average at 5 cm.
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    Transformation RNA interference-mediated silencing of the Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase gene in Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Geartn. cv. Buntharik)
    (2020-07-01) ;
    Konee, C.
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    Arunyanart, S.
    RNA interference mediated-silencing of the F3H gene in the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Geartn.) cv. Buntharik inhibited the anthocyanin pathway after gene transformation. The plasmid pJA8F3H contained the inverted repeats of F3H fragments, bar gene as a selectable marker in plants, which is resistant to basta (glufosinate amonium). The transformation of particle bombardment was obtained with multiple shoots of lotus. F3H gene expression analysis showed that expression of F3H decreased in transgenic lotus when compared with the control. On the first and the second test, 5 transgenic lotus of the relative expression F3H gene was detected with 0.0496 and 0.466 times, respectively. The inhibition of gene expression decreased when they were cultured for a long time. The expression F3H gene was detected by RT-PCR, and real-time PCR resulted in consistent decreasing in the transgenic lotus compared with the non-transgenic lotus, which was able to inhibit the expression F3H gene.
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    Effect of paclobutrazol on growth retarding in potted chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora)
    (2024-03-01)
    Piphatwatthanakul, P.
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    Boonkamjat, T.
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    Paclobutrazol application was compared to the control. It showed a positive influence in reducing stem height, canopy width, internode length, node number, and flower size. Besides, methods of application were insignificantly found. As for the second experiment, decreased concentrations to 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm of paclobutrazol were tested, using the same manner of application as in the first experiment. It appeared that all concentrations of paclobutrazol decreased canopy width, stem length, internode length, and node number when compared with the control treatment, similar to results of the experiment 1. Nevertheless, it occurred in Prakaimat variety that both foliar spraying and soil drenching of paclobutrazol led to increasing chlorophyll content and carotenoid level. Meanwhile, Fiona chrysanthemum responded better to foliar spraying method than of soil drenching.
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    The effect of timing and storage temperature on pollen viability and pollen germination in Zephyranthes Hybrid
    (2022-03-01) ; ;
    The effect of timing and storage temperature on pollen viability and pollen germination in Zephyranthes hybrid on eight cultivars i.e. 'Red Candy', 'Bright Eye', 'Golden Mango', 'POS', 'Lookmai', 'Island Breeze', 'Madam Butterfly' and 'Paradee' were studied. The results showed that the low temperature stored pollen maintained a higher germination percentage than the one stored in the room temperature for 4-8 days in which the germination percentage decreased when the storage period increased in all cultivars. Moreover, the interaction between the 2 factors showed that the pollen germination percentage was declined for 4 or 8 days when stored at low temperatures (15.59-27.96% or 10.10-19.25%). Therefore, the optimal time of pollination in Z. hybrid should do at 09.00-11.00 a.m. and stored at 5°C for pollen viability and germination. 'Bright Eye' and 'Island Breeze' could be maintained for 12 days, but 'Golden Mango', 'Red Candy', 'POS', 'Madam Butterfly', 'Lookmai' and 'Paradee' could be maintained only for 8 days.