Bunyarittikit, Suphat

Preferred name

Main Affiliation

School of Architecture, Art, and Design

suphat.bu@kmitl.ac.th

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Structural Imbalance and Life-Cycle Cost Coverage in Vertical Greenery Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
(2026-04-01)
Phatthanaphan, Nitchaya
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Wongvorachan, Tarid
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Wutisun, Duangkamon
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Singkham, Sathirat
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Petsirasan, Sippakorn
Vertical greenery systems (VGS), including vertical gardens (VG) and green façades (GF), are increasingly promoted as nature-based solutions for sustainable urban development. Despite their environmental benefits, economic evaluation remains fragmented, particularly within a life-cycle cost (LCC) perspective. This study conducts a systematic literature review to examine the structural configuration of cost-related research on VGS within an LCC framework. Following the PRISMA protocol, 136 peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025 were identified through a structured search of the ScienceDirect database and retained as the analytical dataset. Bibliometric mapping, thematic classification, and co-occurrence analysis were applied to assess publication patterns, the distribution of cost components, and reporting structures. Five principal cost categories were identified: Installation and Operation, Maintenance, Consumables, Materials and Manufacturing, and Design. The results reveal a pronounced concentration on installation and maintenance costs, while design-phase economics and comprehensive LCC integration remain marginal. Most studies address only one or two cost categories, indicating structural fragmentation. In addition, heterogeneous reporting units and inconsistent contextual descriptors constrain cross-study comparability and cumulative synthesis. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that although cost research on VGS is expanding, it has not yet achieved methodological maturity within a standardized LCC framework. Advancing harmonized cost-reporting protocols and integrated life-cycle modeling is therefore essential to support robust economic evaluation and informed implementation of VGS in sustainable built environments.
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Biophilic Architecture in the Livable City of Melbourne CBD
(2025-12-01)
Thampanichwat, Chaniporn
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Wongvorachan, Tarid
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Somngam, Panyaphat
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Petlai, Taksaporn
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Sirisakdi, Limpasilp
Amid continuous urban population growth and urbanization’s environmental and social challenges, livable cities have become a key priority for governments. Among the various factors influencing urban livability, architectural design integrating natural elements plays a critical role. Melbourne consistently ranks as one of the world’s most livable cities, with its Central Business District (CBD) serving as its core. Since a previous study has highlighted a research gap concerning the role of architecture in livable cities and indicated that the characteristics of biophilic architecture remain unclear, this study addresses the following question: What are the attributes of biophilic architecture in the CBD of the livable city of Melbourne? Subsequently, buildings exhibiting characteristics of Biophilic architecture were surveyed, and photographs capturing the most representative aspects of each building were documented. These characteristics were then coded and analyzed using statistics. The study found that Biophilic architecture is extremely rare in Melbourne’s CBD, with only four of 6375 properties (0.06%) identified as such. The most prominent attributes include connection to nature, natural color tones, and light modulation shaped by the city’s grid layout and strong sunlight. However, the dominance of concrete structures and heritage regulations constrains formal diversity. While Melbourne may not provide abundant examples, its context offers valuable insight into how urban form and policy shape biophilic expression. Future studies should extend this comparative approach to other cities to better understand context-specific adaptations of biophilic design.
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A Systematic Review of Applications of Generative Design Methods for Energy Efficiency in Buildings
(2024-05-01)
Suphavarophas, Phattranis
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Wongmahasiri, Rungroj
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Keonil, Nuchnapang
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Bunyarittikit, Suphat
Energy efficiency is a principle of architectural design that reduces environmental impact. Generative design can offer alternative options to improve energy efficiency in buildings, but significant gaps exist in the application due to accessing complex knowledge. This study aimed to explore publications on generative design and energy efficiency in buildings and identify generative methods for energy efficiency topics. This study conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA methodology in December 2023 by searching publications from databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, and Thai Journals Online. Descriptive analysis examined 34 articles, showing the publication year, source, and citations. Comparative qualitative and descriptive analysis identified generative methods. Publications are increasing over time, and further growth is expected related to the accessibility of computational design and practical applications. Tools and frameworks demonstrated reduced energy usage compared to prototypes or traditional design approaches. The most studied is thermal performance, which was reduced by 28%. Energy performance achieved up to a 23.30% reduction, followed by others and daylighting. In addition to single-topic studies, there are also studies with multiple topics. Evolutionary algorithms are standard. Parametric search strategies have increased. Exploration reveals rule-based and mixed methods. Machine learning and AI garner attention.
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Exterior Architectural Characteristics of Biophilic Design in Diverse Regional Contexts: Case Studies from Asia, Europe, and Australia
(2026-03-01)
Thampanichwat, Chaniporn
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Wongvorachan, Tarid
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Petlai, Taksaporn
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Somngam, Panyaphat
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Sirisakdi, Limpasilp
Biophilic design has gained increasing importance in contemporary architecture due to its potential to enhance human well-being, environmental quality, and the integration of nature within built environments. While a growing body of literature exists, there remains a limited understanding of how biophilic architecture is visually expressed in diverse regional contexts. As the exterior of a building constitutes its most immediate expression, examining these characteristics is essential. This research gap raises the question of how exterior biophilic design characteristics are articulated in architectural practice within different geographic settings. To address this gap, this study examines the exterior architectural characteristics of biophilic design through selected case studies from Asia, Europe, and Australia, focusing on how these characteristics are manifested in each regional context. The research adopts a three-step methodological approach. First, on-site photographic documentation was conducted. Second, the collected photographs were systematically coded. Third, descriptive analysis was employed to examine the distribution of biophilic design characteristics in diverse regional contexts. Across all regions, biophilic attributes are most prominently manifested with natural colors, natural materials, and biomorphic or natural forms. In contrast, spatial attributes appear less consistently documented in photographs. This study is limited by its reliance on photographic analysis and a relatively small sample size. Future research should integrate multimethod approaches and expanded case studies to capture experiential and environmental dimensions of biophilic design beyond visual attributes.
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Exploring Sidewalk Built Environment Design Strategies to Promote Walkability in Tropical Humid Climates
(2025-08-01)
Anuntavachakorn, Pakin
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Pawarana, Purinat
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Wongvorachan, Tarid
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Thampanichwat, Chaniporn
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Bunyarittikit, Suphat
The world is facing a state of “global boiling,” causing damage to various sectors. Developing pedestrian systems is a key to mitigating it, especially in tropical and humid cities where the climate discourages walking and increases the need for shaded walkways. Recent research shows a lack of data and in-depth studies on the built environment promoting walkability in such climates, creating a research gap this study aims to fill. Using Singapore as a case study, four locations—Marina Bay, Orchard Road, Boat Quay, and Chinatown—were surveyed and analyzed through visual decoding and questionnaires. Results show that natural light is the most frequently observed and important element in pedestrian pathway design in tropical and humid areas. Trees and sidewalks are also important in creating a walk-friendly environment. Green spaces significantly influence the desire to walk, though no clear positive outcomes were found. Additionally, “Other Emotions” negatively affect the decision to walk, suggesting these should be avoided in future pedestrian pathway designs to encourage walking.
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A Content Analysis of Architectural Atmosphere Influencing Mindfulness through the Lens of Instagram
(2023-07-01)
Thampanichwat, Chaniporn
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Bunyarittikit, Suphat
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Moorapun, Chumporn
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Phaibulputhipong, Prima
Mindfulness is a psychological construct that enhances sustainable behaviors, environmental behavior, environmental consumption, mindful consumption, and water and energy sustainable consumption. The state of mindfulness can be affected by the determinator of the physical environment as architecture via the architectural atmosphere. The previous studies show that the discrete areas of knowledge between architecture and mindfulness are still widely unknown. However, image-centered social media platforms such as Instagram seem to be able to provide big data for studying people’s perceptions of architecture. Thus, this study aims to describe the concept design and characteristics of architectural atmosphere in architecture images tagged mindfulness posted to Instagram. A coding framework developed from a previous systematic literature review was conducted for this content analysis. A total of 354 architectural images were screened, coded, and analyzed by five architects. The results highlight that the Japanese traditional architecture (59.20%) looks to be the most architectural atmosphere concept that influences mindfulness, following by Biophilic Design (33.05%), and Buddhist contemplative space (20.06%). In addition, it was found that the most common architectural atmosphere characteristic fostering mindfulness performed calm space (73.58%), focus object (54.45%), concrete material (85.71%), hue color (78.17%), hard light and shadow (78.98%), and view with a tree (60.11%).
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Wireless Automated Exhibition System: Convenient Mobility at Low Cost
(2025-01-01)
Hirunwijitporn, Nirumol
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Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
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Bunyarittikit, Suphat
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Mingmuang, Noppon
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Roopkom, Ittipat
The application of wireless automatic exhibition system for event promotion facilitates the organization of exhibition-related activities by enabling automated control of exhibition displays. This system eliminates the need for allocating personnel to monitor the exhibition, thus reducing the cost of hiring exhibition attendants. From this research, it is possible to create a low-cost wireless automatic exhibition display system that is convenient for use in various events and exhibitions, especially when there are numerous booths involved. The system utilizes infrared sensors to detect visitors within a range of 90 cm, enabling accurate visitor counting. Once the desired number of visitors is reached, the exhibition will be displayed immediately. Additionally, the system can detect exiting visitors while the exhibition is ongoing. When the specified visitor count is met, the exhibition display will stop instantly. Due to these features, this wireless automatic exhibition system is affordable, easily portable, and suitable for various events and exhibitions. It is user-friendly and convenient for deployment.
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The Impact of Sea Breeze on the Islamic Vernacular Houses: The Settlements of Tha-Sala in Southern Thailand
(2023-01-01)
Noithapthim, Narisa
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Tepparat, Thanasun
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Ruhullah, Mohummad Eisa
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Bunyarittikit, Suphat
Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in Thailand has an environment reflecting fishermen's way of life. The orientation of its vernacular houses are affected by the direction and speed of the wind coming from the sea. It is assumed that there is a significant influence of the sea in the formation of settlements along the Tha-Sala littoral. This study investigates the origins of the fishing settlement patterns and housing characteristics in the Tha Sala coastal area. It examines the natural cultural and environmental factors of the coast as significant factors affecting the settlement. The research intends to discover how, along with the life styles of the community, what factors influence the community and the characteristics of the vernacular houses. The study examines particularly the influence of land and sea breeze on the community. The layout and arrangement of the vernacular houses, along with the nature of living in the houses, are all assumed to affect the life of the fishermen as depicted in the environment. The paper is based on qualitative research employing a field survey and interviews with the house owners. Three local houses that reflect fishermen's traditions and ways of life have been identified as case studies. The research observes vernacular houses and develops its thesis by analysing the data related to pictorial representations as well as history, economy, social and cultural changes, and integrative theory. The findings highlight the adaptation of coastal communities in settlements and house planning. They show that the influence comes from the natural environment to cope with the annual monsoon winds, as well as the lifestyles of the relatives. It shows that religious beliefs of the people affect house planning and the changes affect the community expansion of transportation routes. That makes the houses to be oriented toward the road with distinctive features. In fact, the houses are oriented in an East-West direction so that they do not have to resist the sea wind.
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Mindful Architecture from Text-to-Image AI Perspectives: A Case Study of DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion
(2025-03-01)
Thampanichwat, Chaniporn
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Wongvorachan, Tarid
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Sirisakdi, Limpasilp
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Chunhajinda, Pornteera
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Bunyarittikit, Suphat
Mindful architecture is poised to foster sustainable behavior and simultaneously mitigate the physical and mental health challenges arising from the impacts of global warming. Previous studies demonstrate that a substantial educational gap persists between architecture and mindfulness. However, recent advancements in text-to-image AI have begun to play a significant role in generating conceptual architectural imagery, enabling architects to articulate their ideas better. This study employs DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion—popular tools in the field—to generate imagery of mindful architecture. Subsequently, the architects decoded the architectural characteristics in the images into words. These words were then analyzed using natural language processing techniques, including Word Cloud Generation, Word Frequency Analysis, and Topic Modeling Analysis. Research findings conclude that mindful architecture from text-to-image AI perspectives consistently features structured lines with sharp edges, prioritizes openness with indoor–outdoor spaces, employs both horizontal and vertical movement, utilizes natural lighting and earth-tone colors, incorporates wood, stone, and glass elements, and emphasizes views of serene green spaces—creating environments characterized by gentle natural sounds and calm atmospheric qualities. DALL-E is the text-to-image AI that provides the most detailed representation of mindful architecture.
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Application of Ultrasonic Sensor and IR Sensor in Automatic Alcohol Hand Sanitizer
(2023-01-01)
Jongchanachavawat, Wirote
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Sungkongmueng, Bureerak
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Inyasri, Chaleedol
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Roopkom, Ittipat
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Mingmuang, Noppon
Hygiene is necessary to maintain human health. Hygiene keeps the body clean and free from germs, preventing the spread of diseases, which has been especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, we designed automatic alcohol hand sanitizers (AAHSs): one with an IR sensor and one with an ultrasonic sensor. The sanitizers will help prevent germs from spreading via the hands of people because no part of each device need be touched during its use. The AAHS with the ultrasonic sensor has various advantages over that with the IR sensor: it is 32% cheaper to produce, easier to configure and maintain, has a higher average score for user satisfaction, is smaller and more portable, and can use rechargeable batteries. In addition, its low cost makes it more suitable for commercialization. It can also be installed both outdoors and indoors. In an outdoor test, it was demonstrated to operate flawlessly. This paper includes useful information on the components of the AAHSs with the two types of sensor and an evaluation of their performance using confusion matrices.
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Bunyarittikit, Suphat

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