VIDEO CAMERAS IN DISTANCE CLASSES: EFFECTS ON STUDENT ATTITUDES AND VALIDITY OF MEASUREMENT TOOLS

Turning the camera on during online classes is one method to generate two-way interactions between the teacher and the students. The present study seeks to uncover factors that are thought to impact student attitudes. This study explored how demographics influenced student attitudes toward using cameras in distance classes. We analysed data from 388 undergraduates in Indonesia and Thailand. The Mann-Whitney Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse the data. Results indicated that gender, field of study, GPA, and personality traits affected student attitudes, while ethnicity and religion had no effect on student attitudes. Instrument??? Conclusion???.