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    Evaluation of the indigenous microorganisms in soilless culture: Occurrence and quantitative characteristics in the different growing systems
    (2004-05-03) ;
    Ikeda, Hideo
    ;
    Jeanaksorn, Tanimnun
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    Tojo, Motoaki
    ;
    Kusakari, Shin Ichi
    Quantitative characteristics such as population density and population dynamics of the indigenous microorganisms in four types of soilless tomato production systems were investigated. For non-specific genera, the amount of the population of aerobic bacteria and fungi in root was 9.2-10 and 4.2-5.5Logcfug<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, regardless of the location of samples collected. For the specific genera, however, fluorescent pseudomonads showed the highest population density (5.4Logcfug<sup>-1</sup>) followed by Fusarium spp. (2.5-3.7Logcfug<sup>-1</sup>) and Pythium spp. (2.3-2.8Logcfug<sup>-1</sup>). Population of microorganisms was significantly different between soilless culture systems as well. The coconut-fiber system (organic substrate culture) showed the highest amount of fungi and Fusarium spp., whereas the rockwool system (inorganic substrate culture) contained the highest amount of fluorescent pseudomonads. Solution culture, DFT and NFT, contained higher amounts of Pythium spp. than the substrate cultures throughout the experiment. NFT also contained the largest population of Fusarium spp. compared to the other ones. In population density investigation, aerobic bacteria in roots became equilibrium at 10Logcfug<sup>-1</sup> in all systems under investigation, however, fungi tended to increase until the end of experiment. The results indicated the unique indigenous microorganisms population in each soilless system. Also, it revealed that aerobic bacteria could be dominant over fungi in inorganic substrate culture. With further research of beneficial microorganisms to horticultural plants, biological control with reduced fungicide application in soilless culture would be feasible. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
      2
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    Effects of Inorganic Elements on the In-vitro Growth of Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp
    (2002-01-01) ;
    Ikeda, Hideo
    ;
    Jaenaksorn, Tammnun
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    Tojo, Motoaki
    ;
    Kusakari, Shin Ichi
    Effects of inorganic elements on zoospore release, zoospore germination, mycelial growth and sporangium formation of Pythium aphanidermatum were investigated. The stage of zoospore release was highly influenced by many kinds of inorganic elements. The effective concentration as evaluated from 50% inhibition of zoospore release was 0.16, 0.19, 0.36, 0.4, 0.5, 2.5, 30, 168, 171 and 470 mg/L for Cu, Ag, Cr, Zn, iodine, Ni, Fe, Ca, Mg and K, respectively. Silver prominently inhibited both zoospore release and germination. Also, iodine showed inhibitory effects at every growth stage examined. The results indicated that several inorganic elements have the potential to suppress Pythium root rot disease in hydroponics, although further investigation is required to evaluate plants and conditions suitable for the method. © 2002, Japanese Society of Microbial Ecology & The Japanese Society of Soil Microbiology. All rights reserved.
      4
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    Application of seed coating with endophytic bacteria for Fusarium wilt disease reduction and growth promotion in tomato
    (2020-01-01) ;
    Prasom, P.
    ;
    Tomato seed coating with endophytic bacteria (SuRW02) was used to control Fusarium wilt disease of tomato and stimulated plant growth in field conditions. Results showed that seed coating with isolate SuRW02 reduced disease incidence and severity which similar to seed coating with chemical fungicide (Captan). Seed coating with endophytic bacteria and Captan showed disease incidences of 38 and 25% and disease severity indices of 0.37 and 0.25, respectively. Uncoated seeds and seed coating without endophytic bacteria had a disease incidences of 70 and 50% and disease severity indices of 2.00 and 1.25, respectively. In addition, seed coating with endophytic bacteria promoted tomato plant growth and quality of tomato production.
      5
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    Characterization of Phytopythium and Pythium species from freshwater area based on Morphological traits and ITS sequence
    (2023-07-01)
    Maiprom, N.
    ;
    Saelee, R.
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    Twenty isolates were identified as Globisporangium nunn, Pythium acanthicum, Phytopythium chameahyphon, Phytopythium cucurbitacearum, Phytopythium helicoides, Phytopythium iriomotense, Pythium torulosum, Phytopythium vexans and unknown specific epithet Phytopythium species. The reconstruction of phylogenetic trees using Neighbourjoining, maximum-likelihood, and maximum-parsimony algorithms revealed that the majority of isolates belonged to clade K. Furthermore, this is the first report of Phytopythium iriomotense in Thailand. The current information possible that the discovered oomycetes will be useful in future research and applications.
      1
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    Bioactivity of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) and cajeput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) leaf extracted on inhibition fruit fungal pathogens
    (2023-09-01)
    Suwandee, S.
    ;
    Saelee, R.
    ;
    ;
    Results showed that cajeput oil at 10,000 ppm had the highest inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of all tested fungi, with an inhibition rate of 92.5%. It was followed by cajeput crude extract at 20,000 ppm and teak crude extract at 25,000 ppm, with inhibition rates of 88.6% and 67.0%, respectively. Thus, cajeput oil and cajeput extract showed promising potential in controlling fruit fungal pathogens. Effective concentration (EC<inf>50</inf> and EC<inf>90</inf>) of each extract suggested that the lowest concentration to inhibit mycelial growth, spore germination and spore formation were in between 50-90%, which the concentration range between 100 to 30,000 ppm depending on the extracts and pathogen species. This finding could be useful in evaluating the appropriate concentration of each extract for controlling plant pathogenic fungi.
      4
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    Growth and yield of sweet corn cultivated in soil using third reused nutrient solution
    (2020-05-01)
    Boonnoi, N.
    ;
    Nuntagij, I.
    ;
    Nutrient solution from growing lettuce using Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) was drained from the substrate culture to grow Chinese kale in Dynamic Root Floating Technque (DRFT) before the third usage for growing melon. The third re-used nutrient solution (UNS) was drained from the melon growing substrate, diluted with tap water, and adjusted the concentration to 2.0 mS/cm2, pH 5.8 before irrigation on the sweet corn field. Control plants were grown under general management (manual watering and fertilizing with 15-15-15 fertilizer). Results indicated that growth parameters including shoot height, SPAD value and fresh weight per plant using the third UNS were not significantly different from the control. Yield parameters including number of ears, average weight per ear and average weight per plant using the third UNS also showed no significant differences from the control. Water consumption of sweet corn under treatment of the third UNS and the control were 35.55 and 108.23 L/plant, respectively resulted to reduced water consumption of up to 68.07% and no fertilizer was used in the UNS treatment. Thus, the UNS method reduced both water and fertilizer consumption, while minerals in the nutrient solution were completely utilized, leading to cost reduction and environmentally friendly waste production.
      3
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    The effectiveness of seed coating with microbial fungicide on controlling seed quality and damping-off disease of tomato
    (2026-01-01)
    Baikaden, S.
    ;
    ;
    Microbial seed coating was not significantly influenced germination percentage, germination index, or germination speed under laboratory conditions. Whereas, seeds coated with Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus subtilis consistently demonstrated to improve seedling emergence and vigor in greenhouse conditions. With respect to disease suppression, coatings seeds with T. asperellum resulted to reduce both the incidence and severity of damping-off disease caused by Pythium torulosum. The lowest disease incidence (30.50%) and severity (17.43%) were observed in seedlings from T. asperellum-coated seeds. These findings highlighted the potential of antagonistic microbial coatings to promote seedling health and provided a sustainable strategy for managing soilborne diseases. This approach is offered a promising complement or alternative to chemical control methods in commercial tomato seedling production.
      2
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    Micromonospora soli sp. nov., isolated from rice rhizosphere soil
    An actinomycete strain SL3-70<sup>T</sup> was isolated from a rice field and characterised using a polyphasic approach. The morphological and chemotaxonomical characteristics of strain SL3-70<sup>T</sup> indicate that it belongs to the genus Micromonospora. The phylogenetic analysis of the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain SL3-70<sup>T</sup> is a member of the genus Micromonospora, and is closely related to Micromonospora echinaurantica DSM 43904<sup>T</sup> (99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Micromonospora kangleipakensis MBRL 34<sup>T</sup> (98.8 %). DNA–DNA relatedness between strain SL3-70<sup>T</sup> and its relatives ranged from 21.2 % ± 0.6 to 38.7 % ± 0.4. The results obtained from our study indicate that strain SL3-70<sup>T</sup> represents a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SL3-70<sup>T</sup> (=BCC 67268<sup>T</sup>; =NBRC 110009<sup>T</sup>).
      1
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    Micromonospora oryzae sp. Nov., isolated from roots of upland rice
    An actinomycete strain, designated CP2R9-1<sup>T</sup>, was isolated from root internal tissues of upland rice (Oryza sativa). Based on a polyphasic approach, strain CP2R9-1<sup>T</sup> was characterized as a member of the genus Micromonospora. meso- Diaminopimelic acid and 3-OH-diaminopimelic acid were present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified polar lipids. Predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H<inf>4</inf>), MK-9(H<inf>6</inf>) and MK-10(H<inf>4</inf>). Whole-cell sugars consisted of ribose, xylose, arabinose and glucose. Phylogenetic analysis of the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequence suggested that strain CP2R9-1<sup>T</sup> was closely related to Micromonospora haikouensis 232617<sup>T</sup> (99.32% similarity), Micromonospora carbonacea DSM 43168<sup>T</sup> (99.18%) and Micromonospora krabiensis MA-2<sup>T</sup> (99.16%). Strain CP2R9-1<sup>T</sup> was distinct from its closest relatives based on low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness (21.3¡0.1– 41.7¡0.7%) and phenotypic differences. The results presented in this study showed that strain CP2R9-1<sup>T</sup> represents a novel species of the genus Micromonospora, for which the name Micromonospora oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CP2R9-1<sup>T</sup> (5BCC 67266T5NBRC 110007<sup>T</sup>).
      1
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    Morphological characterization and phylogeny of pythium and related genera in rayong province, thailand
    (2021-01-01)
    Saelee, Rattasit
    ;
    Busarakam, Kanungnid
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    Most well-known microorganisms in the class Oomycetes (notably genera Phytophthora and Pythium) are pathogenic to both animals and plants due to their diverse lifestyle patterns. This study was designed to recover Pythium from composite soils (cultivated and forest soils) and water sources (fresh and brackish water) from Rayong Province. Twenty isolates of hyaline and non-septate fungal-like organisms were isolated from those sources. The primer pair ITS4 and ITS6 were used to amplify approximately 900 bp products from Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and morphological characteristics including sporangium, oogonium, antheridium and oospore, were noted. Morphological characteristics data of recovered Pythium strain can be classified into 12 source groups. ITS sequencing results revealed that eight closely related species had been recovered: Globisporangium splendens, Pythium cucurbitacearum, Pythium acanthichum, Pythium deliense, Pythium diclinum, Pythium torulosum, Phytopythium vexans and Phytopythium helicoides, which had similarities in the range 94.67-100% values at between 656 and 922 locations. Most of these species were reported as plant pathogens. Therefore, this report can be used as a guide for disease control planning.
      2