Rungrojchaipon, Pesak

Preferred name

Main Affiliation

School of Science

pesak.ru@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 21

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A Facile Method to Synthesize b-Oriented Silicalite-1 Thin Film
(2022-05-01)
Thongkam, Montree
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Woramongkolchai, Somsak
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Saowsupa, Sairoong
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
Silicalite-1 thin film was prepared with the following batch composition—3TPAOH:25TEOS: 1450H<inf>2</inf> O:100EtOH—and synthesized using the hydrothermal technique. Silicalite-1 colloidal crystals were successfully coated on the surface of the silica substrate by the dip-coating method. The investigation of silicalite-1 thin film with organic structure-directing agents (SDA), using a seeding technique with various colloidal seed concentrations, number of dip-coating steps, and crystallization time, were systematically discussed and obtained interesting results. Silicalite-1 powder and Silicalite-1 membrane, the patterns of which showed a unique characteristic crystallography of MFI topology, were characterized by XRD, which indicated the preferred orientation along the b-axis perpendicular to the substrate surface. The morphology and crystal size aspect of Silicalite-1 were also examined by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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Crystal growth of AlPO-5, AlPO-15, and AlPO-21 from aluminum foil
(2008-03-01)
Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
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Wang, Xiqu
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Jacobson, Allan J.
Single crystals of AlPO-n (AlPO-5, AlPO-15 and AlPO-21) have been grown using Al metal as the aluminum source and appropriate organic amines as templates. The influence of synthesis conditions on the crystal size has been studied by systematically changing temperature, the organic template and the gel composition. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Vitrimer-like of poly (glycerol sebacate) by using zinc acetate, zinc oxide and Amberlyst as catalysts
(2023-01-01)
Thongkam, Montree
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Saowsupa, Sairoong
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
Polyglycerol sebacate (PGS) is elastomeric biodegradable polymer with potential biomedical and green packaging applications. This study focuses on the synthesis of vitrimer-like PGS utilizing various catalysts, including Zinc acetate, Zinc oxide and Amberlyst-15. The investigation of vitrimer-like of PGS polymer by polycondensation of glycerol and sebacic acid with various molar ratio of 1:1, 1:1.25 and 1:1.5 will be studied. The synthetic time and temperature were controlled at 72 h, 120 °C, respectively. The prepolymer of PGS had a weight-average molecular weight (Mw.) of 1743. The result of functional group was confirmed by Fourier transforms Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The intense C[dbnd]O stretch at 1737 cm−1 confirms the formation of ester bonds. The intense OH stretch at 3454 cm−1 indicated hydroxyl groups from hydrogen bonded. When the quantity of catalyst is increased, the results of hardness are rising but swelling (%) becomes lower. The results showed a polymer network has higher cross-link when the catalyst increases. In addition, the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) analysis found that PGS using catalyst does not have peaks of glycerol.
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Extraction of Chitin, Chitosan, and Calcium Acetate from Mussel Shells for Sustainable Waste Management
(2025-08-01)
Seangarun, Chaowared
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Seesanong, Somkiat
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
In this paper, mussel shells were used to produce chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate using chemical processes, searching for an alternative environmentally friendly biopolymer and calcium source. Mussel shells were treated with acetic acid as a demineralizing agent, resulting in separate solid fractions and calcium solution. The solid was further purified to produce chitin by deproteinization and decolorization processes, and then the deacetylation process was used to obtain chitosan. The calcium solution was evaporated to produce calcium acetate powder. The yields of extracted chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate from 100 g of mussel shells were 2.98, 2.70, and 165.23 g, respectively. The prepared chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to confirm the chemical and physical properties. The analysis results of chitin and chitosan revealed the similarity to chitosan derived from crustaceans and insects in terms of functional group, structure and morphologies. The prepared calcium acetate shows FTIR and XRD data corresponding to calcium acetate monohydrate (Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O) similar to synthesized calcium acetate in previous research. In addition, the mineral contents of calcium acetate identified by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis exhibit 97.8% CaO with non-toxic impurities. This work demonstrated the potential of the production process of chitin, chitosan, and calcium acetate for the development of a sustainable industrial process with competitive functional performance against the commercial chitin and chitosan production process using crustacean shells and supported the implementation of a circular economy.
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Efficient, Green, and Low-Cost Conversion of Bivalve-Shell Wastes to Value-Added Calcium Lactate
(2023-08-01)
Seesanong, Somkiat
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Seangarun, Chaowared
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Phutphat, Sudjai
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
This work presents the efficient, green, and low-cost preparation of calcium lactate by using bivalve-shell wastes (cockle, mussel, and oyster shells) as raw materials. Three bivalve shells, a cockle, mussel, and oyster, were used separately as an alternative calcium-source material for the preparation of calcium lactate. The bivalve-shell waste was cleaned and milled, obtaining calcium carbonate (CaCO<inf>3</inf>) powder, which reacted to the lactic acid, forming calcium lactate. The effects of different calcium sources (cockle, mussel, and oyster) and different lactic acid concentrations (6, 8, and 10 mol/L) on the physicochemical properties of the synthesized calcium lactates were then investigated. The results pointed out that the highest solubility of the product was observed when 6 mol/L lactic acid and cockle-shell derived CaCO<inf>3</inf> were employed for the calcium lactate preparation. The thermal decompositions of all calcium lactates occurred in three processes: dehydration, ethyl-lactate elimination, and decarbonization, respectively. The results, obtained from an infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, and scanning electron microscope, confirmed the formation of calcium lactate pentahydrate (Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>CHOHCOO)<inf>2</inf>·5H<inf>2</inf>O). The diffractograms also indicated the presence of two enantiomers of Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>CHOHCOO)<inf>2</inf>·5H<inf>2</inf>O, namely, of dl- and l-enantiomers, which depended on the lactic acid concentration used in the preparation process. The morphologies of calcium lactates show the firewood-like crystals in different microsizes, together with smaller irregular crystals. In summary, this work reports an effective process to prepare the valuable calcium lactates by using the cheap bivalve-shell-derived CaCO<inf>3</inf> as a renewable calcium source.
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Sustainable Production of Chitosan from Mussel Shells with Upcycling of Demineralization Effluent into Calcium Formate
(2026-05-01)
Seangarun, Chaowared
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Seesanong, Somkiat
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Boonmee, Wimonmat
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Punthipayanon, Sirichet
This study proposes a sustainable, integrated biorefinery approach to valorize mussel shell waste into high-value products, including chitin, chitosan, and calcium formate. Formic acid was employed as an effective demineralizing agent, enabling not only efficient mineral removal but also the direct conversion of the demineralization effluent into value-added calcium formate. The sequential extraction processes, demineralization, deproteinization, and decolorization, successfully yielded purified chitin (PCH), which was subsequently deacetylated to produce chitosan (CTS) with a degree of deacetylation of 85% and a molecular weight of 75 kDa. The physicochemical properties of all products were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the successful extraction of chitin and chitosan, demonstrating the feasibility of mussel shells as an alternative biopolymer source. In parallel, calcium formate (CCF) was obtained from the demineralization effluent with a yield of 94.19%, and its formation was verified by FTIR and XRD. Elemental analysis by XRF exhibited 98.3% CaO with minimal non-toxic impurities. The TGA/DTG profiles of CCF exhibited a well-defined two-step thermal decomposition, confirming its anhydrous form. Overall, this environmentally benign process enables the simultaneous production of multiple value-added products while significantly improving resource utilization and reducing waste generation. The proposed integrated biorefinery model offers a promising, economically viable pathway for marine biomass valorization, aligned with the Bio-Circular-Green (BCG) economy concept.
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Upcycling bivalve mollusk shell wastes into triple super-, mono-and di-calcium phosphates for fertilizers and mineral animal feed
(2025-02-01)
Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
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Seangarun, Chaowared
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak
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Boonmee, Wimonmat
To reduce and utilize many mollusk shell wastes, they can be transferred to calcium carbonate (CaCO<inf>3</inf>) powders by mechanical grinding and then the obtained powders can be upcycled into various calcium phosphates. Triple super-, mono-and di-calcium phosphates were prepared by rapidly simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly processes using bivalve mollusk shell wastes. Triple superphosphate (TSP) powder was obtained by a reaction between phosphoric acid and mollusk shell-derived CaCO<inf>3</inf> powder and then was dissolved with water to classify non-soluble and soluble fractions by filtration. Non-soluble fraction was dried to obtain a gray-white powder of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO<inf>4</inf>·2 H<inf>2</inf>O). The self-evaporating process recrystallized the solution fraction to get a white powder of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O). All synthesized calcium phosphate samples were characterized and confirmed by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTA) were conducted to evaluate phase stability and thermal behavior. The analyses revealed the crucial influence of temperature on phase transitions and stability, providing insights into decomposition patterns and confirming phase purity. All the calcium phosphates were found to be highly purified and phosphorus-rich, making them effective for use in fertilizers and mineral animal feed. Additionally, the green and low-cost preparation of three calcium phosphates proposed in this research will be valuable for reducing waste mollusk shells by reforming them into value-added chemical products that point out the viewpoint of a zero-waste operation for obtaining sustainable development of an effective waste management and recycling technique.
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Green Ca-source of cockle shells converted to calcium acetate for environmental sustainability
(2024-06-15)
Seesanong, Somkiat
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Seangarun, Chaowared
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Ohpasee, Natee
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
This work aimed to synthesize and characterize the calcium acetate monohydrate (Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O) from the exothermic reaction between CaCO<inf>3</inf> powder derived from cockle shells with three different acetic acids (8, 10, and 12 mol L−1) concentrations by the rapid and easy process without pH and temperature control to lead to cheap chemical production. The physicochemical characteristics of all synthesized Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O samples are investigated based on the chemical compositions, crystal structures, vibrational characteristics, morphologies, and thermal behavior to confirm the target compound. A suitable concentration of 10 mol L−1 CH<inf>3</inf>COOH was chosen to produce Ca(CH<inf>3</inf>COO)<inf>2</inf>·H<inf>2</inf>O with the highest yield (96.30 %), maximum calcium content (96.2 % CaO) with lower impurities, and time consumption of 17 h. The calcium acetate product obtained from cockle shells in this work shows differences in thermal stability, morphological structure purity, %yield, and metal contamination with those reported obtained from other sources and another shell type in the previous work. This research investigates the transformation of cockle shell waste into CaCO<inf>3</inf> for the production of calcium acetate, aiming to address environmental sustainability concerns by reducing the use of calcium ore resources and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Effect of Citric Acid Concentration on the Transformation of Aragonite CaCO3 to Calcium Citrate Using Cockle Shells as a Green Calcium Source
(2025-05-01)
Chanwetprasat, Pantita
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Seangarun, Chaowared
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Seesanong, Somkiat
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
Aragonite calcium carbonate (CaCO<inf>3</inf>), derived from cockle shell waste, was successfully used as a renewable calcium source to synthesize calcium citrate (CCT) using citric acid (C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>8</inf>O<inf>7</inf>). The three CCT products (CCT-2, CCT-3, and CCT-4) were prepared using three different acid concentrations: 2, 3, and 4 M. The physicochemical characteristics of the newly synthesized CCT were investigated. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed the vibrational modes of the citrate anionic group (C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>5</inf>O<inf>7</inf>3−), which preliminarily confirmed the characteristics of CCT. However, X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the concentration of citric acid altered the structural property and the chemical formula of the synthesized CCT. Employing 2 M citric acid, a pure tetra-hydrated phase (Ca<inf>3</inf>(C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>5</inf>O<inf>7</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·4H<inf>2</inf>O, earlandite mineral) was obtained. However, a mixture of hydrated (Ca<inf>3</inf>(C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>5</inf>O<inf>7</inf>)<inf>2</inf>·4H<inf>2</inf>O) and anhydrous (Ca<inf>3</inf>(C<inf>6</inf>H<inf>5</inf>O<inf>7</inf>)<inf>2</inf>) phases was precipitated when 3 and 4 M citric acid was used in the preparation process. The lower mass loss observed in the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of CCT-3 and CCT-4 compared to that of CCT-2 further confirmed that CCT-3 and CCT-4 were composed of hydrated and anhydrous CCTs. The synthesized CCT decomposed in four major processes: the first dehydration, the second dehydration, CaCO<inf>3</inf> formation, and decarbonization, generating calcium oxide (CaO) as the final product. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) results showed that the CCT mainly consisted of CaO with a quantity of >98%. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image revealed the irregular plate-like CCT crystallites. The concentration of citric acid is a key factor that influences the productive parameters of CCT, including production yield, reaction time, and solubility. 2 M citric acid provided the optimal balance between productivity and cost-effectiveness, with the highest yield and soluble fraction and the lowest reaction time. The results suggest that the preparation of CCT from cockle shell waste can potentially replace the use of commercial calcite from mining, which is a limited and non-renewable resource.
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Sustainable Production and Physicochemical Characteristics of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Prepared from Waste Eggshells
(2024-07-01)
Seesanong, Somkiat
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Seangarun, Chaowared
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Boonchom, Banjong
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Laohavisuti, Nongnuch
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Boonmee, Wimonmat
Gypsum products (calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O) were synthesized through an eco-friendly and low-cost process by two different renewable calcium carbonate sources (CaCO<inf>3</inf>), hen and duck eggshell wastes, with product yields obtained of 84.73 and 87.74%, respectively. The X-ray fluorescence results indicated that calcium oxide (CaO) and sulfur trioxide (SO<inf>3</inf>) are the major elemental components of CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O prepared from both calcium sources. The Fourier transform infrared results confirmed the vibrational characteristics of SO<inf>4</inf>2− and H<inf>2</inf>O functional groups in the chemical structure of the prepared samples. The X-ray diffraction patterns of CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O prepared from both calcium sources confirmed the sample’s crystal structure as well as the chemical formula, after comparing them to the standard powder diffraction file. The crystallite sizes of CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O products were calculated from the experimental diffraction peak through the Scherrer equation and found to be 19–20 nm. The positive preferential growth (Pg) value highlighted the excellent stability of the synthesized CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O. The scanning electron microscopic results showed the agglomeration particles of hen- and duck-CaCO<inf>3</inf> raw agents, whereas plate-like particles were observed for hen- and duck-CaSO<inf>4</inf>·2H<inf>2</inf>O products but the particle sizes were different.
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Rungrojchaipon, Pesak

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