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Impact of pretreatment with acid and ultrasound on the production and characteristics of goat skin gelatin
(2024-08-01)
Hasdar, Muhamad
;
Nalinanon, Sitthipong
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Sriket, Chodsana
Goat skin is a potential raw material source for gelatin production using acid-ultrasound pretreatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of ultrasound in combination with acid pretreatment for the preparation of goat skin gelatin. Gelatin was extracted from goat skin using different pretreatments: Acetic acid (T1), acetic acid followed by ultrasound (20 kHz and 750 W) (T2), and without pretreatment (T0). The results showed that the combination of acetic acid and ultrasound pretreatment significantly impacted the quality of the resulting gelatin. The study results showed an increase in yield (9.24 to 25.48%), hydroxyproline content (102.07 to 231.31 mg/g), gel strength (4.76 to 197.62 g), viscosity (6.80 to 48.00 cP), melting point (32.47 to 35.85 °C), EAI (18.24 to 23.58 m2/g), and ESI (24.90 to 62.63 min). However, there was a decrease in pH, the value of color L*, and turbidity. The SDS-PAGE patterns showed differences in molecular weight distribution due to variations in pretreatment. All gelatin samples exhibited α<inf>1</inf> and α<inf>2</inf> chains as the predominant components. Interestingly, the ultrasound effect highlighted the β-chain more boldly compared to other pretreatments. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed changes in molecular interactions due to acetic acid pretreatment followed by ultrasound, which resulted in shifts in the Amide A, Amide B, Amide I, Amide II, and Amide III groups. Ultrasonic treatment caused more dense and disturbed structures in the sample. Therefore, the combination of acetic acid and ultrasound pretreatment yielded the superior properties of goat skin gelatin.
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Effect of organic fertilizer rates on grain yield and seed qualities of rice
(2024-05-01)
Kaewtaphan, P.
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Maniin, P.
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Nilkong, P.
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Aninbon, C.
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Teamkao, P.
The effect of organic fertilizer quantity on the yield and seed qualities of Pathumthani 1 rice revealed that the highest grain yield, 3,893 kg/ha, was attained with the application of 2.24 kg N/ha of organic fertilizer, whereas rice without fertilizer exhibited the lowest yield. However, the application of 1.6 kg N/ha of organic fertilizer resulted in the highest seed germination rate, germination index, and pure seed percentage, with values of 98.00%, 32.43, and 99.71%, respectively. Conversely, applying 2.24 kg N/ha of organic fertilizer yielded the lowest seed germination rate, germination index, and pure seed percentage at 87.50%, 28.74, and 98.11%, respectively. Moreover, the 1.6 kg N/ha rate demonstrated the least inert matter and the lowest number of dead seeds. Consequently, the findings suggested that organic fertilizer should be applied at a rate of 2.24 kg N/ha to achieve high grain yields, while it is still maintained seed germination percentage of over 80%.
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Influence of ethephon spraying on the growth and yield of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.)
(2023-05-01)
Chumthong, B.
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Seesanong, S.
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Detpiratmongkol, S.
The effects of ethephon spraying on the growth and yield of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) was investigated. The results indicated that spraying ethephon for three times leaded to the highest growth parameters in term of stem, leaf, root and total dried weight and yield, followed by spraying two and one times. The ethephon spraying to stevia at concentration of 200 ppm gave the highest total dried weight and yield. It is concluded that application of ethephon at concentration of 200 ppm to stevia for three times at 30, 60 and 90 DAT gave the highest vegetative growth and yield.
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Evaluation of informative spectral wavelengths for estimating soluble solids content in sugarcane billets
(2022-02-22)
Udompetaikul, Vasu
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Phetpan, Kittisak
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Sirisomboon, Panmanas
This study proposed individual spectral wavelengths significant to estimate soluble solids content (SSC) in sugarcane billets moving on the conveyor. At the same time, an all-in-one quality and yield monitor using those wavelengths for a sugarcane harvester was also proposed. Seven wavelengths, 475, 560, 668, 717, 755, 840, and 890 nm, were arranged into three groups for modeling. Group 1, consisting of 475, 560, 668, 717, and 840 nm, was based on the spectral responses of a commercial multispectral camera, while group 2 (717 and 840 nm) was based on the invisible (RedEdge and near-infrared or NIR) responses of the camera. For group 3, two sugar-related wavelengths at 755 and 890 nm were selected as the candidates for modeling. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was employed to model those three groups with corresponding soluble solids content (SSC). The results showed that the developed models based on two sugar-related wavelengths at 755 and 890 nm provided the best performance, explaining 80.2 % of the variance in the SSC and displaying a root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 0.32 ºBrix. The predictive performance had the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.33 ºBrix. This finding confirmed the effectiveness of the sugar wavelengths and conveyed the possibility to develop the sugarcane quality and yield monitor.
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Influence of shading levels on growth, yield and andrographolide content of Kalmegh
(2020-04-01)
Liphan, Somanan
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Detpiratmongkol, S.
We studied the growth, yield and andrographolide content of three local kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees) responses to varying shade levels under green house conditions, from March to July 2018 in Thailand. Our experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Three local kalmegh varieties (Prachinburi, Nakhon Prathom and Saraburi) and four shading levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 75% shading) were applied to the test plots. Stem height, stem, leaf and root dry weight and leaf number per plant, seed and leaf dry weight yield and andrographolide content were recorded. The Prachinburi variety, followed by Nakhon Prathom and Saraburi, showed the strongest growth under all shade conditions. Different shading levels strongly influenced growth and kalmegh yield. The highest growth, stem, leaf, root, total dry weight, seed and leaf dry weight yield and andrographolide content were registered at 25% shading levels followed by 0%, 50% and 75% shading levels. We concluded that 25% shading and the local Prachinburi variety kalmegh should be recommended.
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Effects of ethephon on growth and yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) at different growth stages
(2019-09-01)
Yoosukyingsataporn, Sommart
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Detpiratmongkol, Somyot
There is little information about the effects of ethephon ripening hormone on the yield of sweet sorghum in Thailand. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of ethephon hormone applied at different growth stages of three cultivars of sweet sorghum on its growth and yield. The experiment was conducted from December 2016 to May 2017 at a research plot of the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand. The experiment was designed as a split-plot design with three replications. Three sweet sorghum cultivars (Ethanol 2, KKU 40, and Cowley) were planted in the main plot. Ethephon was applied at five stages of growth of these cultivars: heading stage, panicle stage, milking stage, dough stage, harvesting stage. Ethephon applications at those stages and untreated control were the subplots. Results showed that Ethanol 2 cultivar exhibited a higher growth rate, plant height, stem diameter, grain yield, stem fresh weight, and yield, juice extract yield, and sugar content than those exhibited by KKU 40 and Cowley. Application of ethephon at the heading stage gave the lowest stem diameter, grain yield, stem fresh weight, and yield, whereas applying it at the harvesting stage gave the highest sugar yield. There were no significant correlations between sweet sorghum cultivars and the growth stages at which ethephon was applied. Based on these results, it might be concluded that Ethanol 2 cultivar should be treated with ethephon hormone at its harvesting stage.
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Response of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees) to shading at different growth stages
(2019-01-01)
Liphan, Somanan
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Detpiratmongkol, S.
Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees) is a very useful medicinal herb widely used for treatments of various human diseases and symptoms: fever, cold, laryngitis, diarrhea and inflammation. However, its enhanced growth and yield as a response to shading at different growth stages have not been studied yet. Therefore, in this study, an experiment was undertaken, from January to April 2018, to investigate the effects of shading at different growth stages on the growth, yield and quality of kalmegh. The design of this pot experiment was split plot with three replications; three local kalmegh cultivars—Prachinburi, Phichit 4-4 and Phisanulok 5-4—were the main plots. The four sub-plots were 20% shading at 3 stages of growth viz: 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) till harvest and no shading which was the control. Several agronomic characteristics of kalmegh such as plant height, stem, dry weight of leaf and root, total dry weight and leaf dry weight yield were recorded. The results indicated that Prachinbuti cultivar gave the tallest plant and stem heights as well as the highest dry weight of leaf and root, total dry weight and leaf dry weight yield, followed by Phisanulok 5-4 and Phichit 4-4. Shading at different stages of growth clearly affected the growth and yield of kalmegh. No shading resulted in the least growth and yield while shading at 90 DAP promoted some growth and yield that was higher than no shading but lower than shading at 30 and 60 DAP. The maximum values of growth and yield were observed under 20% shading at 30 DAP.
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Influences of trinexapac-ethyl on development and sugar content of sorghum bicolor
(2019-01-01)
Yoosukyingsataporn, S.
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Detpiratmongkol, S.
Result showed that no-interactions among the cultivars. The different trinexapac-ethyl doses and different periods of pre-harvest weeks provided significantly different sweet sorghum growth and yield at the p < 0.05. The control treatment provided the highest growth but low sugar yield. The trinexapac-ethyl ripener affected the highest growth and sugar yield when applied at 0.05 ppm and 1 pre-harvest week. On the other hand, trinexapac-ethyl (0.20 ppm) level inhibited the growth of sweet sorghum when applied at 5 pre-harvest weeks. At 0.05 ppm dose and 1 pre-harvest week, the chemical ripener provided the tallest plant height, biggest stalk diameter, juice extract, and sugar yields. Based on these findings, we recommended to apply the trinexapac-ethyl at 0.05 ppm dose by spraying 1 week before harvest. The sweet sorghum variety is recommended to be KKU 40 cultivar.
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Effects of different harvesting times on growth, yield and quality of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Wall Ex. NeeS)
(2018-12-01)
Detpiratmongkol, S.
;
Liphan, S.
The effect of harvesting times on growth, yield and quality of kalmegh were investigated. The results were disclosed that for three local kalmegh cultivars, stem and leaf dry weight and total dry weight of Prachinburi cultivar were the the highest and followed by Nakhon Prathom and Pitsanulok 5-4 cultivars, respectively. Leaf dry weight and seed dry weight yield of Prachinburi cultivar were the highest. Harvesting times affected on growth and yield of kalmegh. The highest leaf dry weight yield (13.59 g plant -1 ) and andrographolide content (2.54%) were recorded at harvesting times of 135 DAP but the highest seed dry weight yield was detected 170 DAP. However, it is recommended that harvesting times at 135 DAP in Prachinburi local kalmegh cultivar should be adopted.
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Response of biomass and yield of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni.) to flower removal
(2018-12-01)
Chumthong, B.
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Detpiratmongkol, S.
It has never been reported on the effect of flower removal on the yield of Stevia plant. The effect of flower removal on growth and yield of Stevia was studied. Reesults revealed that flower removal produced significantly (P=0.05) greater number of leaves, dry biomass yield and leaf dry weight yield compared to the control. Four times of flower removal plant gave the highest number of leaves (1,318.50 plant -1 ), total biomass dry weight (11.31 g plant 1- ) and leaf dry weight yield (0.81 t ha -1 ) compared to the control. Therefore, flower removal during the production of Stevia plant should be practiced in order to increase growth and leaf yield.
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