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Experimental and numerical evaluations of thermal performance in heat exchange channel with punched V-type delta-winglets
(2026-09-01)
Promthaisong, Pitak
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Sripattanapipat, Somchai
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Suchatawat, Maturose
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Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
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Promvonge, Pongjet
An experimental examination on the heat transmission improvement of a heat exchange channel (HXC) with punched V-shaped delta-winglets (PVDWs) positioned at regular intervals along the heated wall is presented in the article. This channel has a consistent heat flux for the fluid flow with a Reynolds number (Re) between 5295 and 22,700. By producing vortex flows, the PVDWs help to mix the airflow more rapidly, decrease friction loss via the winglets' louver flap, and direct air jets onto the hot-plate wall. PVDWs with three relative pitches (P<inf>R</inf> = 1, 1.5, and 2) and five louver flap angles (θ = 90°, 60°, 45°, 30°, and 0°) were spaced regularly on the heated surface. The relative winglet height (B<inf>R</inf>) was maintained at 0.5 and the attack angle was fixed at 45°. Two types of winglet patterns were in use: inline PVDW and staggered PVDW. Thermal effectiveness factor (TEF), Nusselt number (Nu), and friction factor (f) were all influenced by the PVDW parameters. Varieties of θ and P<inf>R</inf> are examined parametrically. The smallest Reynolds number results in the greatest rise in frictional factor (f<inf>R</inf> = 75.07), while the largest Reynolds number gives the greatest improvement in heat transfer rate (Nu<inf>R</inf> = 7.63) for I-PVDW at θ = 0° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0. Both the S-PVDW and the I-PVDW reached their maximum TEFs at θ = 45° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1, with the former reaching 2.67 and the latter 2.63. Nu and f correlations can also be estimated using their measured data. The best thermal effectiveness and lower friction in the test channel are achieved by using S-PVDWs. The predicted findings were validated by the matching measured data after a 3D numerical study was performed to analyze heat transfer and flow patterns using the realizable k-ε turbulence model. Both the experimental and computational results were in good agreement, and the heat transfer mechanism of the PVDW was elucidated. A reconfiguration of the S-PVDW is performed by reversing the flap angle to increase thermal effectiveness. At θ = −45° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1, the updated S-PVDW shows a highest TEF of 2.78, which is approximately 4% better than the previous analysis.
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Augmentation of solar air heater effectiveness with flapped triangular-wings
(2025-12-01)
Promvonge, Pongjet
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Sripattanapipat, Somchai
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Jayranaiwachira, Nuthvipa
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Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
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Skullong, Sompol
An experiment was conducted to identify the optimal method for enhancing the thermal effectiveness of a solar air heater duct utilizing flapped triangular-wing (FTW) vortex generators affixed to the absorber. The wings are structured in two configurations: backward FTW (B-FTW) and forward FTW (F-FTW), each incorporating a louver-flapped opening for lowering frictional loss. This study seeks to improve the Nusselt number ratio (Nu<inf>R</inf>) while lowering friction loss to optimize thermal effectiveness, hence minimizing the overall dimensions of thermal energy systems. The research findings focus on heat transmission (Nu) and frictional loss (f), encompassing thermal effectiveness across the entire range of Reynolds numbers (Re) from 5280 to 22,510. The FTW elements are configured in B-FTW and F-FTW forms, employing three relative pitches (P<inf>R</inf> = 0.75, 1.25, and 1.75) and five flap angles (θ = 0°, 35°, 45°, 65°, and 90°), while maintaining a constant attack angle (α = 45°) and a wing height ratio (B<inf>R</inf> = 1). The research findings demonstrate that the FTWs produce a significant increase in Nu contrasted to the smooth duct, which varies from 4.72 to 8.05 times, while the increase in f is approximately 13 to 68.1 times. For P<inf>R</inf> = 1.25, θ = 45°, and lower Re, the greatest thermal effectiveness factor (TEF) is roughly 2.87 for the F-FTW and 2.64 for the B-FTW, while Nu<inf>R</inf> is approximately 6.98 for the F-FTW and 6.29 for the B-FTW. This implies that the largest TEF is exclusively associated with the F-FTW, and therefore, the B-FTW should be averted in practice. Additionally, correlations are established and documented for the key quantities (Nu, f, and TEF).
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Augmented thermal effectiveness in solar air receiver with flapped curved winglets: Experimental and numerical analysis
(2025-12-01)
Sripattanapipat, Somchai
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Promvonge, Pongjet
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Jayranaiwachira, Nuthvipa
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Promthaisong, Pitak
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Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
Thermal effectiveness was examined on a solar air receiver equipped with a new lengthwise vortex generator, namely a flapped curved winglet (FCW) mounted on the absorber, utilizing experimental and numerical approaches. Two arrays were employed to assemble two FCWs on the absorber at an angle of attack (α = 59.5°). The FCWs' V-tips were orientated upstream (VU-FCW) and downstream (VD-FCW). Air served as the working fluid, entering a constantly heat-fluxed channel at Reynolds numbers (Re) varying from 5280 to 22,510. Three relative winglet pitches (P<inf>R</inf> = P/H = 1.0–2.0), five winglet-mounted flap angles (β = 0° - 90°), and one winglet blockage ratio (b/H=B<inf>R</inf> = 0.6) were among the major factors. According to the findings, lowering P<inf>R</inf> and β greatly enhances the f (friction factor) and Nu (Nusselt number) of the two FCW arrays. The FCW with P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0 and β = 0° has the largest Nu and f values, approximately 8.3 and 77.39 times bigger than the smooth flat channel, as per the test data. The maximal thermal effectiveness factors (TEF) of the VD-FCW and VU-FCW were approximately 2.83 and 2.61, respectively, at comparable β = 45° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1.5. The f and Nu correlations in employing FCW were also provided. A 3D computational analysis employing the realizable k-ε turbulence model was conducted to examine heat transmission and flow patterns, with the corresponding measured data validating the expected results. The numerical and measured data sets yielded consistent results, and the FCW's heat transmission mechanism was also described.
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Thermal effectiveness augmentation in heated tube with louver-punched delta winglets
(2025-09-01)
Promvonge, Pongjet
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Sripattanapipat, Somchai
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Promthaisong, Pitak
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Suchatawat, Maturose
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Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
Louver-punched delta winglet (LPDW) vortex generators were presented as a way to increase convective heat transmission in a tubular exchanger. LPDW arrays were categorized as inline or staggered louver-punched delta winglets (I-LPDW and S-LPDW, respectively). Experimental and numerical research was carried out for Reynolds numbers varying from 4760 to 29,290 to analyze the thermal patterns and flow characteristics within a constant heat flux tube with LPDWs. The turbulence model adopted for the present research was the realizable k-ε model. For both I-LPDW and S-LPDW winglet arrangements, a single ratio of blockage (B<inf>R</inf> = e/D = 0.25), pitch ratio (P<inf>R</inf> = P/D = 1), and attack angle (α = 60°) was utilized as well as three ratios of louver length (L<inf>R</inf> = d/e = 0.24–0.56) and five flap angles (θ = 0°–90°). The research showed that when the θ and L<inf>R</inf> values fall, the LPDW's friction factor (f) and Nusselt number (Nu) grow since streamwise vortices that possess greater kinetic energy of turbulence promote fluid mixing. The winglet with θ = 45°, L<inf>R</inf> = 0.24 exhibited a peak TEF of 2.56 for I-LPDW and 2.63 for S-LPDW whereas the winglet with θ or L<inf>R</inf> = 0° had the largest Nu and f values, at 5.41 and 24.38 times, respectively. The numerical results illustrated that both LPDWs produce many longitudinal vortices throughout the tube. These flow patterns improved fluid mixing in the tube by raising the fluid's kinetic energy of turbulence. Additionally, the findings of the verification between the computational and experimental data were satisfactory. The Nu and f correlations for the I-LPDW and S-LPDW were also established using measured data.
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Effect of louver-perforated V-type baffles on thermal effectiveness and entropy in round tube
(2025-08-01)
Promvonge, Pongjet
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Sripattanapipat, Somchai
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Suchatawat, Maturose
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Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
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Skullong, Sompol
An experimental investigation was conducted to assess the influence of insertion of a louver-perforated V-type baffle (LVB) vortex generator into a consistent heat-fluxed tube on thermal performance. This study aimed to optimize thermal effectiveness to boost energy savings and reduce the heat exchanger size. The experiments focused on investigating the thermal features, as well as estimating the entropy of turbulent flow at Reynolds numbers (Re) varying between 4750 and 29,290. The LVBs were positioned in two different arrays on a supporting tape during the present experiment: “V-down” and “V-up,” with the V-apex oriented upstream and downstream, respectively, at a fixed attack angle (α = 52°). At one relative baffle height (B<inf>R</inf> = 0.3) and pitch (P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0), the LVBs dealt with six louver flapped angles (θ = 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, and 90°) in addition to three louver-hole sizes and locations (θ<inf>1</inf>, θ<inf>2</inf> and θ<inf>12</inf>). Comparative analysis was also conducted on data obtained from the current smooth tube. According to the findings, the louver angle θ<inf>1</inf> = 20°, located on the baffle's trailing end, had the greatest relative Nusselt number (Nu<inf>R</inf>), which was 5.9 times for V-down and 6.38 times for V-up. Furthermore, compared to the V-down and V-up solid baffles (θ = 0°), their friction losses were lessened. The V-up LVB reached its minimum value at θ<inf>1</inf> = 20°, corresponding to the lowest Re. At θ<inf>1</inf> = 20°, the V-up LVB attained its minimum entropy generation (S˙<inf>gen</inf>′) and maximum reduced entropy factor (S<inf>R</inf>) around 20.3. At a comparable θ<inf>1</inf> = 20°, the maximal thermal effectiveness factor (TEF) of V-down and V-up were approximately 2.39 and 2.59, respectively. The estimation and documentation of correlations were also performed for the parameters under consideration, namely Nu, f, and TEF.
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Thermal effectiveness analysis of heat exchange tube with staggered louver-punched V-baffles
(2024-12-01)
Promvonge, Pongjet
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Jayranaiwachira, Nuthvipa
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Promthaisong, Pitak
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Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
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Skullong, Sompol
An experiment has been conducted to ascertain the optimal approach for enhancing the convective transmission of heat in a heat exchanger tube by periodically positioning staggered louver-punched V-baffle (SLVB) vortex generators on a perforated tape. The louver-punched V-baffles were staggered and set up with two patterns: V-apex directing upstream (VU) and downstream (VD), and each featured a louver-punched aperture to minimize friction loss. The aim of this work was to rise the thermal effectiveness as well as the Nusselt number ratio (Nu<inf>R</inf>) at optimal effectiveness in order to cut down on overall dimension of heat exchangers. Consequently, the research findings focused on behaviors of heat transmission and frictional loss, incorporating generated entropy, through a variety of Reynolds numbers (Re) spanning 29,270 to 4762. The SLVB elements were designed and placed in VU and VD forms using three relative pitches (P<inf>R</inf> = 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5) as well as six louver-flapped angles (θ = 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 45°, and 90°), all at the same attack angle (α = 52°), a baffle height ratio (B<inf>R</inf> = 0.3) and a louver size ratio (L<inf>R</inf> = 0.73). As demonstrated by the experiment, the θ = 20° generated the best heat transfer of all P<inf>R</inf> values, up to 6.55 times greater than the smooth tube, despite having a lower friction loss than the θ = 0° (solid baffle). At P<inf>R</inf> = 0.5, θ = 20° and smaller Re, the optimum thermal effectiveness factor (TEF) and Nu<inf>R</inf> values were, respectively, about 2.65 and 6.55 for the VU SLVB and 2.52 and 6.04 for the VD one. It implied that the TEF strategies can be utilized to anticipate the best effectiveness under identical scenarios. Also, correlations for the critical parameters, namely, Nu, f, and TEF, were estimated and documented.
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Effect of trapezoidal louvered winglets on increased heat transfer and exergy in tubular heat exchanger
(2024-10-01)
Promvonge, Pongjet
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Thianpong, Chinaruk
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Jayranaiwachira, Nuthvipa
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Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
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Skullong, Sompol
The effect of inserting a trapezoidal louvered winglet tape (TLWT) into a uniformly heat-fluxed tube on its thermal effectiveness was studied experimentally. The exergy and entropy analyses for turbulent flows, as well as frictional loss and thermal features, were highlighted as key aspects of the experimental finding for the Reynolds number which measured between about 4700 and 30,000. Because fixing baffles to the curved shape of tube wall presented a challenge, the baffles were consequently positioned on double surfaces of a flat tape. Six values of the louver angle (θ<inf>1</inf> = 0°, 25°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°) and three values of the relative pitch of winglet (P<inf>R</inf> = 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) were employed in the arrangement of TLWTs, with the V-apex oriented upstream (V-up). Each of these had only a fixed height (B<inf>R</inf> = 0.25) and angle of attack (α = 30°). The winglets were utilized to induce streamwise vortices which can hinder the boundary layer formation, while the louvered openings were adopted to lessen pressure drop without significantly impacting the primary vortices. The experiment results disclosed that the smallest θ<inf>1</inf> and P<inf>R</inf> produced the largest relative friction factor (f<inf>R</inf>) and Nu<inf>R</inf>, which were about 13.57 and 4.04 times higher, while P<inf>R</inf> = 1 and θ<inf>1</inf> = 45° provide the greatest TEF of about 2.27. The greatest exergy efficiency (η<inf>Ex</inf>) resulting from the TLWT was reached at θ<inf>1</inf> = 0°, but the generation of entropy (S˙<inf>g</inf>′) dropped with lowering θ<inf>1</inf> and Re. A further examination, however, showed that the best scenario with α = 60° and staggered arrays is more desirable since it yields the largest TEF of 2.45 at θ<inf>1</inf> = 45° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1. For the range of parameters under consideration, the Nu and f correlations were additionally established.
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Enhanced thermal effectiveness of square duct with V-type double-baffles: Numerical study
(2024-09-01)
Promvonge, Pongjet
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Sripattanapipat, Somchai
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Thianpong, Chinaruk
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Skullong, Sompol
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Promthaisong, Pitak
The article puts forward three-dimensional computational research on heat transmission augmentation within a square channel containing 45o V-type double-baffles positioned on the lower and top parts at regular intervals in the turbulence zone for Reynolds numbers (Re) that vary from 3000 to 20,000. The primary goal of this research is to increase the thermal effectiveness and relative Nusselt number (Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf>), in order to conserve energy and reduce the size of the heating or cooling system. The simulations utilize a finite volume approach in common with the SIMPLE algorithm, whereas the turbulent model used is the realizable k–ε. The baffles are designed to be separated vertically for reducing pressure loss. Both single V-baffles and double V-baffles have four relative pitches (PR = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 1.0) and height/blockage ratios (BR = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2), with a fixed attack angle (α) of 45o. The computational findings show that both V-baffles are capable of producing the primary vortices, but only the double V-baffles have the ability to provide the impinging streams onto the wall, cooling the region behind the baffles. This suggests that the double V-baffles not only boost heat transmission but also reduce frictional loss. When compared to a single V-baffle, the double ones enhance heat transfer by an average of 1.04–9.94% while decreasing frictional loss by an average of 9.88–31.73%. The thermal effectiveness factor (TEF) of the double V-baffles ranges from 1.03 to 3.21, and its peak value of around 3.21 is for PR = 0.4, BR = 0.05, at lower Re.
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Analysis of exergy and heat transfer in a tube fitted with flapped V-baffles
(2024-07-01)
Jayranaiwachira, Nuthvipa
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Promvonge, Pongjet
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Tongyote, Paritkavin
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Skullong, Sompol
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Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
Vortex generator is a device that shows promise in generating streamwise vortices that can be utilized for boosting the rate of heat transmission inside a cooling/heating system with a relatively smaller penalty in terms of friction loss. The primary goal of the current research is to maximize the comparative Nusselt number ratio (Nu/Nu<inf>0</inf>) to be as large as possible to lower the size of the system while keeping thermal performance as high as feasible to save more energy. Thus, in the current study, the impacts of inserting the flapped V-baffle vortex generator (FBVG) on the thermal effectiveness improvement of a round tube were experimentally investigated. At a fixed attack angle (α = 60°) and baffle blockage ratio (B<inf>R</inf> = b/D = 0.3), the geometrical behaviors of FBVGs placed periodically along two edges of a straight tape were six different flap angles (θ = 0°, 25°, 35°, 45°, 65° and 90°) and three ratios of baffle pitches (P/D = P<inf>R</inf> = 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0). The current V-baffles, which were positioned on both tape edges, were designed to reduce friction loss caused by interrupting the central core flow when placed on both tape sides. The measurement results focused on the friction loss and thermal behaviors, including exergy and entropy analyses for Reynolds number from 4750 to 29,270. In the findings, the Nusselt number and friction factor of FBVG at θ = 0° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1 are, respectively, up to 5.6 and 35.24 times larger than those of the smooth tube. The entropy generation (S˙<inf>gen</inf>′) seems to decline as θ and P<inf>R</inf> increase, with the smallest S˙<inf>gen</inf>′ found at θ = 0° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1 for lower Re. The FBVG has the greatest exergy efficiency (η<inf>Ex</inf>) at θ = 0° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1. To find the true benefits of FBVG, its thermal performance is estimated and seen to reach a maximum at about 2.44 with Nu<inf>R</inf> = 4.65 at θ = 45° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1. The optimal scenario at θ = 25° and P<inf>R</inf> = 1 was preferred, however, since it yielded the largest Nu<inf>R</inf> = 5.42 at TEF = 2.39.
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Thermal effectiveness enhancement in heat exchange tube using louver-punched V-baffles
(2024-06-15)
Promvonge, Pongjet
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Promthaisong, Pitak
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Skullong, Sompol
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Nakhchi, Mahdi Erfanian
An efficient technique for reducing frictional loss by punching holes on the surface of vortex generators has been extensively researched, particularly in the form of louver-punched holes. This article describes an experimental and numerical examination of thermal effectiveness in a heat exchange tube with louvered baffle vortex generators (LBVG). As air was directed to the LBVG-inserted tube with a consistent heat flux, the flow was measured in a turbulent regime. The LBVGs were set at 30° attack angle (α) and mounted at regular intervals on a two-sided flat tape with one relative baffle height (b/D = R<inf>B</inf> = 0.25) and pitch (P/D= R<inf>P</inf> = 1) at the first step. The baffles had five different louver angles (θ = 0 ˗ 90°) and three different relative louver sizes (L<inf>R</inf>= e/b = 0.4, 0.56, and 0.72). The Nusselt number ratio (Nu<inf>R</inf>), friction factor ratio (f<inf>R</inf>), and thermal effectiveness factor (TEF) were utilized to quantify the performance of LBVGs. The findings showed that LBVGs had much lower f<inf>R</inf> values than solid baffles (without holes), whereas Nu<inf>R</inf> values decreased slightly. When θ and L<inf>R</inf> were reduced, the f<inf>R</inf> and Nu<inf>R</inf> for LBVGs increased until they resembled those for solid baffles. Through numerical simulations using the realizable k-ε turbulent model based on the finite volume method, the flow and temperature fields of various cases were generated; their results were verified via analysis of the fluid flow patterns. The computational findings revealed that the jet flow from the louver hole could boost heat transfer, and TEF of LBVGs varied depending on the placement of the hole. According to the computations, the optimal TEF at R<inf>P</inf> = 0.75, L<inf>R</inf> = 0.4, and θ<inf>1</inf> = 20° is roughly 2.64, and the hole should be placed toward the baffle ends rather than in the middle.

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