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Influence of leaf type, genotype, and location on bioactivities and assessment of genetic diversity in teak (Tectona grandis L. f.)
(2026-03-01)
Poeaim, S.
;
Phonmakham, J.
Marked variation in biological activities was observed among teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) leaf extracts as influenced by leaf type, tree genotype, and planting location. Fresh leaves generally exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than fallen leaves, with significant differences detected among plus trees originating from Chiang Mai, Phrae, Sukhothai, Lampang, and Khon Kaen and grown at the Thongphaphum and Phitsanulok Silviculture Research Stations. Among all samples, the Phrae plus tree cultivated at Thongphaphum showed the highest antibacterial inhibition against the tested microorganisms. Methanol extracts demonstrated antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-inflammatory activities, while sequential extraction of Phrae plus tree leaves using hexane and dichloromethane yielded fractions with potent antibacterial effects, indicating promising potential for the development of new antibacterial agents. Genetic analysis based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers revealed similarity coefficients ranging from 0.67 to 1.00, reflecting low to moderate genetic diversity among the studied germplasm, with some samples exhibiting nearly identical genetic profiles. Overall, the observed variation in biological activities was closely associated with both genetic background and environmental conditions, providing valuable information for teak germplasm selection and the utilization of leaf-derived bioactive compounds in product development.
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Development of djenkol peel extract-loaded liposome as functional food ingredients: Physicochemical characteristic, antioxidant activities, and cytotoxicity
(2025-06-01)
Chotphruethipong, Lalita
;
Sinthusamran, Sirima
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Benjakul, Soottawat
;
Senphan, Theeraphol
;
Nalinanon, Sitthipong
Djenkol peel is an agricultural by-product containing valuable bioactive compounds. The direct use of its extract faces challenges related to stability and sensory acceptance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of djenkol peel extract (DPE) on the encapsulation efficiency (EE) using liposomes. The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and cytotoxicity of the obtained liposomes were evaluated. DPE (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 %, w/v) was encapsulated using phospholipid/cholesterol as the wall material. The highest EE (66.69 %) was observed in the liposomes loaded with 0.25 % (w/v) DPE (LE-0.25DPE) (P < 0.05). All DPE-loaded liposomes displayed nanometer-scale particle sizes (78.94–135.60 nm) and negative zeta potentials (−52.60 to −57.50 mV). Encapsulation of DPE in liposomes can mask its undesirable color. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed changes in the physicochemical and thermal properties of LE-0.25DPE. Additionally, LE-0.25DPE showed increased DPPH radical-scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in a dose-dependent manner (250–2000 μg/mL). In vitro Caco-2 cell viability test, LE-0.25DPE at 0.1–1 μg/mL exhibited no cytotoxicity compared to the control (P < 0.05). Thus, DPE-loaded liposomes demonstrate potential as a functional food ingredient with high bioactivity.
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Bioactivity of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) and cajeput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) leaf extracted on inhibition fruit fungal pathogens
(2023-09-01)
Suwandee, S.
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Saelee, R.
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Koohakan, P.
;
Montri, N.
Results showed that cajeput oil at 10,000 ppm had the highest inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of all tested fungi, with an inhibition rate of 92.5%. It was followed by cajeput crude extract at 20,000 ppm and teak crude extract at 25,000 ppm, with inhibition rates of 88.6% and 67.0%, respectively. Thus, cajeput oil and cajeput extract showed promising potential in controlling fruit fungal pathogens. Effective concentration (EC<inf>50</inf> and EC<inf>90</inf>) of each extract suggested that the lowest concentration to inhibit mycelial growth, spore germination and spore formation were in between 50-90%, which the concentration range between 100 to 30,000 ppm depending on the extracts and pathogen species. This finding could be useful in evaluating the appropriate concentration of each extract for controlling plant pathogenic fungi.
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Glycolytic genes expression, proapoptotic potential in relation to the total content of bioactive compounds in durian fruits
(2019-11-01)
Paśko, Paweł
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Tyszka-Czochara, Małgorzata
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Trojan, Sonia
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Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia
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Zagrodzki, Paweł
The properties of durian fruit at five stages of ripeness were evaluated and compared. The physicochemical parameters such as titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) increased, whereas the pH slightly decreased during the ripening process. The highest contents of polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols, tannins, vitamin C and the antioxidant capacities, measured by radical scavenging assays, were found in ripe and overripe fruits. The structural properties of extracted polyphenols were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The interaction of polyphenols with the main drug carrier in blood human serum albumin (HSA) showed decrease in its fluorescence intensity. The binding properties of polyphenols were in direct correlation with the antioxidant capacities of the investigated fruits. HepG2 cells evaluated cytotoxic effect and the mechanism of cell death after treatment with durian. The metabolism of carbohydrates was examined on the expression of glycolysis-related genes (hexokinase 2 (HK2); 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase 4 (PFKFB4); facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1 (Glut1)) and lactate dehydrogenase A and utilization of glucose in the hepatocytes with durian treatment. Durian in immature stage had stronger cytotoxic effect and weak proapoptotic potential on HepG2 cells than the mature and overripe ones. The ripe and overripe fruits increased the expression of hepatic HK2 and PFKFB4 glycolytic genes and stimulated glucose utilization in HepG2 cells. The present results indicate that durians reveal different biological activity and may provide their broad and extensive use as medicinal or functional foods.
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The bioactivities of seed coat and embryo extracts from indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica)
(2018-03-01)
Jaiboonma, A.
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Janvikul, W.
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Poeaim, S.
The research evaluated the bioactivities of seed coat and embryo extracts from Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica Linn). The crude methanolic extract was further successively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water by liquid-liquid partitioning method. The total phenolic content (TPC) in each solvent-extracted fraction was determined by Folin-Ciocateu method. The ethyl acetate seed coat extract possessed the highest TPC with values of 439.09±5.49 milligrams gallic acid equivalent (mgGAE)/g extract. The antioxidant activity of each extract was examined using ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2, 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) assay. The ethyl acetate seed coat extract revealed 50% inhibitory concentration (IC <inf>50</inf> value) at a concentration of 31.53±0.36 microgram/milliliter (μg/ml) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power with 751.92±5.22 milligrams ascorbic acid equivalent (mgAAE)/g extract. The antibacterial activity of each extract was performed using disc diffusion method. The ethyl acetate seed coat extract demonstrated the greatest bacterial inhibition against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus DMST 5040, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466, and Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341. These results suggested that the seed coat extracted with ethyl acetate could be served as a natural source of the bioactive compounds and used in the preparations of products such as drugs, anti-aging supplements, and cosmetics.
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Calcium silicate/poly(ethylene terephthalate) biomaterials via ring-opening polymerization
(2012-10-01)
Suebwongnat, Suebpong
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Jianprasert, Apichaya
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Siriphannon, Punnama
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Monvisade, Pathavuth
Calcium silicate/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (CS/PET) composites were synthesized via ring-opening polymerization (ROP). CS raw material was synthesized by coprecipitation of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and tetraethyl orthosilicate. Commercial grade PET was cyclodepolymerized under high dilution technique to cyclic oligo(ethylene terephthalate) (C-OET) raw material. The CS/PET precomposites were prepared by mixing 60:40 (C6P4) and 50:50 (C5P5) wt% of CS powder and C-OET with the presence of 3 mol% of dibutyl tinoxide catalyst (with respect to the cyclic) then shaped the pre-composites into cylindrical pellets. The presented C-OET in the pre-composites was ring-opening polymerized to obtain PET film covering on the CS grains with the different reaction temperatures as 180, 200 and 250 °C under vacuum for 24 h. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the ROP-PET content in the C5P5 and C6P4 composites were about 46-48 and 35-38 wt%, respectively. The melting points (T<inf>m</inf>) of ROP-PET of all composites were in a range of 233-246 °C. Compressive strength of the CS/ PET composites was significantly increased from 4.8 MPa of the neat CS to 31.0 MPa for the C5P5 composites at the ROP temperature of 250 °C. The CS/PET composites faster induced the continuous-phase formation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals on their surfaces than the HAp/polymer composites. The induction occurred within 7-day soaked in the simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, indicating the bioactivity of the CS/PET composites. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.

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