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Effects of thymol–carvacrol combined with organic acids on carcass traits, meat quality, and stress indicators in broilers under enteric disease challenge
(2026-01-01)
Busayakanit, P.
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Srikijkasemwat, K.
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Philatha, A.
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Rassmidatta, K.
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Ruangpanit, Y.
The effects of a feeding program combining thymol–carvacrol and organic acids were evaluated as an alternative to an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in broilers under a coccidial challenge. A total of 750 male Ross 308 chicks were assigned to a negative control (T1), an AGP group with bacitracin methylene disalicylate (T2), or a thymol-carvacrol–organic acid group (T3). Slaughter weight, dressing percentage, retail cut yields, and meat quality traits did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). T2 had the highest number of birds without foot pad lesions, significantly exceeding T1 and comparable to T3, which also outperformed T1 (P < 0.05). T2 recorded the fewest mild and severe lesions, while T3 showed a numerical reduction in severe lesions compared with T1. Both T2 and T3 reduced lesion severity relative to T1, with T2 showing the most favorable scores and T3 demonstrating meaningful potential as a non-antibiotic alternative. Thigh meat malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased during storage (P < 0.01), but no treatment effects were observed (P > 0.05). Serum MDA and the proportions of lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were unaffected; however, heterophil percentage and the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly higher in T1 than in T2 and T3 (P < 0.01), indicating reduced physiological stress with both AGP and thymol-carvacrol–organic acid supplementation. Overall, thymol–carvacrol with organic acids-maintained carcass yield and meat quality while mitigating stress responses and improving foot pad health, supporting its potential as a viable alternative to AGPs in broilers under enteric challenge.
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Association between dairy meat quality with gender, slaughter age, and marbling score, and relationships among the meat quality traits
(2023-05-01)
Sinthusamran, S.
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Sivapirunthep, P.
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Kaesang, T.
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Supphakitchanon, T.
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Tuntivisoottikul, K.
Gender of dairy cattle did not influence all studied traits (P>0.05). Age at slaughter did not influence the most meat traits, except L* value (P<0.05). Meat from the oldest animals, 5 yr old, exhibited significantly lower L* value than the younger animals, 2, and 3 yr old (P<0.05). Marbling score significantly affected traits (P<0.05), except pH, a* and b* color values (P>0.05). The muscle obtained higher marbling scores had more dry matter and ether extracted (intramuscular fat content). Increased marbling score was related to decrease shear force. The lightness of muscle with the highest marbling score had the highest mean L* =52.8. There was strongly positive correlated between %DM and %EE (r= 0.91, P<0.01). The positive relationships between %EE, and L* and b* were found. Shear force was positively correlated with cooking loss (P<0.01), but it was negatively related to L* (P<0.01).
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Effect of strain and gender on production performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens
(2022-03-01)
Kamporn, K.
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Deeden, B.
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Klompanya, A.
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Setakul, J.
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Chaosap, C.
The effects of strain and gender on production performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of broiler chickens were examined. There were no significant interactions between broiler strain and gender (P>0.05). Arbor Acres showed significantly higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), while feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly lower than Ross308 and Cobb500, especially in the fifth and sixth weeks of age. Arbor Acres also showed the highest slaughter weight (P<0.05). However, carcass composition was not significantly different between strains. There were no significant differences between the strains in muscle pH, drip loss and cooking loss. However, Cobb500 had a lower shear force value than the others (P<0.05). As for the gender-specific effect, BW and ADG of male broilers were higher than those of females from the second to the sixth week of age (P<0.01). At the second week of age, female broilers had higher FI, while male broilers had higher FI from the third to the sixth week of age (P<0.01). Male broilers had lower FCR than females from the fourth to the sixth week of age (P<0.01). Male broilers had higher slaughter weight, carcass weight and carcass composition weight (P<0.01) except for abdominal fat (P>0.05). Percent carcass composition did not differ among broiler strains except for percent tenderloin and percent abdominal fat, which were higher in females than males (P<0.01). Broiler strains had no effect on meat quality except that Cobb500 had lower shear force (P<0.05). The pH3, pH24 and yellowness color values had differed between genders, which male muscle had higher pH3 (P<0.05), pH24 (P<0.01) than female but female muscle had higher yellowness value than male (P<0.05). Interaction effect between breed and gender was found in lightness (P<0.01) and redness colors (P<0.05).
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The influence of fattening periods on chemical composition, fatty acid profile, cholesterol and ribonucleotide content of Charolaise crossbred steers
(2022-01-01)
Thiwaratkoon, P.
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Chongcharoen, M.
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Sitthigripong, R.
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Setakul, J.
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Vijitrothai, N.
The chemical composition, fatty acid profile, cholesterol, and ribonucleotide content of longissimus thoracis muscle from Charolaise crossbred steers fattened for 12 and 15 months were investigated. Chemical composition did not differ between the two fattening periods. Fat content was 4.38 and 4.66 %, moisture content 72.79 and 71.14 %, ash content 1.24 and 1.23 %, and protein content 23.60 and 23.73 % for fattening periods of 12 and 15 months, respectively. Fatty acid composition was not affected by fattening period, except that C15:0 content was higher in steers fattened for 12 months than in steers fattened for 15 months (P < 0.05). There was no effect of fattening period on cholesterol content (P > 0.05). As for the effect of fattening period on ribonucleotide content, only guanosine monophosphate (GMP) of steers fattened for 12 months was significantly higher than those of steers fattened for 15 months (P < 0.05).
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Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on productive performance, pectoral myopathies, and meat quality of broiler chickens
(2021-11-01)
Khalil, Shady
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Saenbungkhor, Nualprae
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Kesnava, Kajorn
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Sivapirunthep, Panneepa
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Sitthigripong, Ronachai
The effects of guanidinoacteic acid (GAA) supplementation on productive performance, pectoral myopathies, and meat quality of broilers were studied. Treatments consisted of corn/soybean-based diets with a GAA supplement (0%, 0.06%, and 0.12%). A total of 546 one-day-old Ross-308 males were randomly allocated to 42 floor pens with 14 replicates (13 birds/pens) for each treatment. The results showed that GAA at doses of 0.06% and 0.12% improved feed conversion, increased the percentage of normal breast, and decreased the severity of wooden breast. Breast muscle myopathy severity was positively correlated with heavy birds and negatively correlated with breast muscle creatine and glycogen. Breast muscle creatine and glycogen correlated positively with normal, less severe pectoral myopathies and meat quality. In conclusion, GAA supplementation improved broiler performance without exacerbating pectoral myopathy or affecting meat quality.
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The influence of fattening periods on performance, carcass composition, and meat quality of Charolaise crossbred steers
(2020-12-01)
Kheawrod, W.
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Sivapirunthep, P.
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Thiwaratkoon, P.
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Chongcharoen, M.
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Chancharoen, P.
Results showed that the initial weight did not differ between groups (P>0.05). While, the 15 month group had more heavy weight than 12 month group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the 15 month group gained more weight than 12 month group (P<0.05). The average daily gain of 15 month group was higher than 12 month group (P<0.01) which were 723.62 and 603.30 gram/day, respectively. The weight of hot and cold carcass of 15 month group was higher than 12 month group (P<0.01) while the percentage of hot and cold carcass did not differ between group (P>0.05). For carcass composition, lean percentage (P<0.01) and bone percentage (P<0.05) were higher in 15 month group than in 12 month. Meat color, shrinkage loss, cooking loss, and shear force did not affect by fattening period (P>0.05). In addition the fattening period did not impact on collagen content and also collagen solubility (P>0.05).
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Influence of Duroc sire lines on carcass and meat quality traits of commercial crossbred pigs
(2020-09-01)
Tongsuk, K.
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Sivapirunthep, P.
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Chaosap, Chanporn
Carcass and meat quality traits of commercial crossbred pigs which came from two Duroc sire lines were investigated. New and old Duroc sire lines were used to produce threeway cross-bred commercial finishing pigs (Duroc x Large White x Landrace). Five castrated male and five female pigs from each pig sire line were selected and slaughtered. The carcass and meat quality traits were measured and analysed. The offsprings from imported Duroc sire line had significantly lower cold carcass percentage and body fat percentage, but significantly higher bone percentage than those from in-country herd Duroc sire line. There was not significantly difference in meat quality traits between two sire lines. Castrated male pigs had higher marbling score than females.
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Effect of compensatory growth on forms of glycogen, postmortem proteolysis, and meat quality in pigs
(2011-07-01)
Chaosap, C.
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Parr, T.
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Wiseman, J.
The current experiment was designedto examine if a compensatory feed regimen influencedstorage of glycogen forms, activity of proteolytic systems,and meat quality. Female pigs (Large White ×Landrace × Duroc cross) with an initial age of 74 dwere allocated to 6 feeding treatment groups (n = 8 foreach group). Groups then consumed feed ad libitum for40 (A40), 42 (A42), or 82 d (A82). The compensatorygrowth groups were fed 0.70 of ad libitum intake for40 d (R40) followed by refeeding for ad libitum intakefor 2 (R40A2) or 42 d (R40A42). Pigs were slaughteredat the end of the restriction period (SL1), thenafter refeeding for 2 (SL2) and 42 d (SL3). The feedingregimen caused restricted animals at SL2 to havea decreased BW (P = 0.039), with the refed animalsundergoing compensatory growth by SL3 so BW wasnot different (P = 0.829). At SL1 there was a trend forthe R40 pigs to have less intramuscular fat than A40 (P= 0.084). There was a trend for macroglycogen (MG; P= 0.051) and a significant effect for proglycogen (ProG;P = 0.014) to be greater at slaughter in R40 than A40,along with a greater postmortem decline in both MG(P = 0.033) and ProG (P = 0.022) over the first 2 h inR40, which was associated with the R40 having a lowerpH at 24 h postmortem (P = 0.043). After refeeding for2 d (SL2), only MG of R40A2 was greater (P = 0.030)than A42 and had a trend for a greater difference ofdecline at 24 h postmortem (P = 0.091), which was associatedwith lower pH at 24 h (P = 0.012). The datasuggest that the concentrations of ProG are more labileand recovered to the concentrations of pigs fed for adlibitum intake sooner than MG. After full compensationin SL3, there was no difference for MG content (at0 h, P = 0.721; at 2 h, P = 0.987; at 24 h, P = 0.343),ProG content (at 0 h, P = 0.879; at 2 h, P = 0.946;at 24 h, P = 0.459), and muscle pH (at 45 min, P =0.373; at 24 h, P = 0.226). At all slaughter points, therewas no difference in shear force (at SL1, P = 0.101; atSL2, P = 0.420; at SL3, P = 0.167). There were nosignificant effects of the feeding regimen on micro- andmilli-calpain large subunit gene expression (for microcalpainat SL1, P = 0.450; at SL2, P = 0.171; at SL3,P = 0.281; for milli-calpain at SL1, P = 0.666; at SL2,P = 0.123; at SL3, P = 0.617) or the activity of the 2proteolytic enzymes at any of the slaughter dates (formicro-calpain at SL1, P = 0.238; at SL2, P = 0.238; atSL3, P = 0.222; for milli-calpain at SL1, P = 0.296; atSL2, P = 0.230; at SL3, P = 0.615). In R40 there wasa trend (P = 0.070) for greater gene expression of caspase3, whereas in R40A2 the increase was significant(P = 0.009) relative to pigs consuming feed ad libitum.However, gene expression of the E3 ligase, MuRF1, atSL3 was less in R40A42 (P = 0.019). Although compensatorygrowth does appear to influence the expressionof various proteolytic systems, the changes do notappear to be associated with meat quality as measuredby shear force. ©2011 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.
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The relationship between muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality of Longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs
(2011-06-01)
Jangwanitlert, P.
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Sethakul, J.
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Tuntivisoottikul, K.
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De Smet, S.
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Vajrabukka, C.
This experiment was designed to investigate the histochemical parameters of muscle fiber, and to estimate the correlation of muscle characteristics to meat quality traits in 63 crossbred pigs (Landrace x Large White x Duroc). Samples of the longissimus dorsi muscle were taken to evaluate the meat quality traits and histochemical characteristics using a combined NADH dehydrogenase and myofibrillar acid stabile ATPase reaction staining. Three muscle fiber types were detected, I, IIA, and IIB types. The results showed that type I, IIA, and IIB muscle fiber diameters were 40.12, 45.69, and 61.49 μm, respectively. For the percentage of muscle, the frequencies of type I and IIA were quite similar (19.93 and 15.98, respectively). Whereas, the IIB type presented the greatest proportion of muscle fibers (63.43). Fiber type was mainly related to and meat quality traits among various muscle fiber characteristics. The pH24 was negatively correlated to those of T24, a*, and b*(-0.38, -0.36, -0.37, respectively). L*value also negatively correlated with pH1 (r = -0.35). For pH24 and T1 showed positively correlated to WBS (r = 0.28 and 0.30, respectively), whereas T24 and L *value were negatively correlated with WBS (r = -0.26 and -0.30, respectively). Moreover diameter of type I and type I muscle fiber is positively correlated with WBS. The results suggested that pH values which reflect the early post-mortem metabolic rate are reliable parameters for prediction ultimate pork quality. The results imply that accelerated metabolic rate and poor meat quality could be partially explained by the decline of pH in muscle during early post-mortem.

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