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Quantitative Ultrasound Assessment of Liver Fat Using Deep Learning and Clinical Data Integration
(2025-12-01)
Jamrasnarodom, Jirakorn
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Apiparakoon, Terapap
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Marukatat, Sanparith
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Chaichuen, Oracha
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Sukchareon, Sasima
Purpose: The increasing prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatosis Liver Disease (MASLD) highlights the need for effective assessment tools, particularly for the quantitative evaluation of hepatic steatosis. Given the limited availability of transient elastography (TE), especially in resource-limited settings, we aimed to develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model to quantify hepatic steatosis using conventional ultrasound, which is widely available in most healthcare facilities. Methods: Liver ultrasonographic images and Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) scores obtained from TE were collected from patients between 2017 and 2023. A predictive model was developed by integrating YOLOv8 for image classification with Principal Component Analysis and Lasso regression to estimate CAP scores from the ultrasonographic images. The dataset was randomly divided into training (80%), validation (10%), and test (10%) sets. Baseline patient characteristics and laboratory data were also incorporated to enhance model performance. The model’s predictive ability was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R²) and mean squared error (MSE). Results: A total of 1065 images from 352 patients were included. The initial model achieved an R² of 0.55 and an MSE of 1004.07. Subgroup analysis revealed that the right intercostal view yielded the best performance (R²=0.74, MSE = 637.99). After incorporating patient characteristics and laboratory data, the model’s performance improved significantly (R²=0.90, MSE = 245.79). Conclusion: The AI-assisted model showed promise for accessible and non-invasive assessment of hepatic steatosis, particularly when using the right intercostal view and supplemental clinical data. Further validation is warranted to improve its accuracy and generalizability.
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Co-stimulation with piezoelectric PVDF films and low intensity pulsed ultrasound enhances osteogenic differentiation
(2025-08-01)
Tandon, Biranche
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Aguilar Cosme, Jose R.
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Xue, Ruikang
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Srirussamee, Kasama
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Aguilar-Tadeo, Julio
Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising approach to address the challenges of bone fracture repair and regeneration. The application of external stimuli (mechanical and electrical) can drive specific cellular responses and osteogenic differentiation, leading to the development of more effective treatments. Piezoelectric materials modulate cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation under both static (without mechanical stimulation) and dynamic (with mechanical stimulation) conditions, activating distinct gene expression pathways. In this work, we investigate the combinatorial effect of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) poled and non-poled films, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on early-stage osteogenic differentiation of mouse pre-osteoblasts. Static culture with PVDF poled films enhanced Runx2 and Col1α1 expression without impacting alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation using U0126 in PVDF poled films resulted in a ~ 6–8-fold increase in ALP activity, suggesting the involvement of an alternative pathway in osteogenic differentiation. Dynamic culture with LIPUS generated an electric potential of approximately 500 mV across PVDF films and an electrical field of 0–10 mV mm<sup>−1</sup>. Co-stimulation led to a ~3-fold increase of ALP activity on stimulated PVDF compared to unstimulated films. This study underscores the potential of piezoelectric materials as non-invasive electrical stimulators to enhance the efficacy of ultrasound-based therapies for bone fracture repair.
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Impact of pretreatment with acid and ultrasound on the production and characteristics of goat skin gelatin
(2024-08-01)
Hasdar, Muhamad
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Nalinanon, Sitthipong
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Sriket, Chodsana
Goat skin is a potential raw material source for gelatin production using acid-ultrasound pretreatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of ultrasound in combination with acid pretreatment for the preparation of goat skin gelatin. Gelatin was extracted from goat skin using different pretreatments: Acetic acid (T1), acetic acid followed by ultrasound (20 kHz and 750 W) (T2), and without pretreatment (T0). The results showed that the combination of acetic acid and ultrasound pretreatment significantly impacted the quality of the resulting gelatin. The study results showed an increase in yield (9.24 to 25.48%), hydroxyproline content (102.07 to 231.31 mg/g), gel strength (4.76 to 197.62 g), viscosity (6.80 to 48.00 cP), melting point (32.47 to 35.85 °C), EAI (18.24 to 23.58 m<sup>2</sup>/g), and ESI (24.90 to 62.63 min). However, there was a decrease in pH, the value of color L*, and turbidity. The SDS-PAGE patterns showed differences in molecular weight distribution due to variations in pretreatment. All gelatin samples exhibited α<inf>1</inf> and α<inf>2</inf> chains as the predominant components. Interestingly, the ultrasound effect highlighted the β-chain more boldly compared to other pretreatments. FTIR spectroscopy analysis showed changes in molecular interactions due to acetic acid pretreatment followed by ultrasound, which resulted in shifts in the Amide A, Amide B, Amide I, Amide II, and Amide III groups. Ultrasonic treatment caused more dense and disturbed structures in the sample. Therefore, the combination of acetic acid and ultrasound pretreatment yielded the superior properties of goat skin gelatin.
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Optimization of ultrasonic assisted ethanolic extraction for natural pigments from butterfly pea flower applied in Thai dessert using Box-Behnken approach
(2024-06-30)
Sai-Ut, Samart
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Teksee, Apisara
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Pongsetkul, Jaksuma
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Sinthusamran, Sirima
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Rawdkuen, Saroat
Butterfly pea is a natural color source used in food and dessert. This study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction with ethanol for pigments from butterfly pea flowers (BPF) using a Box-Behnken method. Key factors explored were solid-to-solvent ratio, ultrasound extraction time, and ethanol concentration. The extracted compounds were evaluated for extraction yield (EY), total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and DPPH antioxidant activity. EY increased significantly with reduced ethanol concentration. Optimal conditions were predicted and experimentally validated. BPF extracts showed distinct absorption wavelengths at different pH levels. BPF extract was used in coconut milk jelly, resulting in the lowest b* value. These findings highlight the value of optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction for enhancing BPF's natural colorant extraction and promoting sustainable use in food and dessert applications.
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Effect of low-intensity ultrasound-assisted washing on biochemical and gelling properties of surimi from yellowstripe scad
(2023-12-01)
Sinthusamran, Sirima
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Pongsetkul, Jaksuma
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Rungchawala, Nattaporn
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Thongpiboon, Natthawadee
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Mazumder, Md Anisur Rahman
Ultrasound-assisted washing had an expectant to increase the concentration of myofibrillar proteins that play an important role in gelling properties of surimi. This work investigated the effect of low-intensity ultrasound-assisted washing on surimi's biochemical and gelling properties from yellowstripe scad. Washed minced fish was obtained by conventional method or washing process through ultrasound at a frequency of 45 kHz with different steps. Physicochemical properties and protein patterns of washed minced and surimi gel were evaluated. Results showed that the washed minced fish treated by ultrasound three times (U-3) showed the highest L* (50.37 ± 0.23) and whiteness (48.69 ± 0.23) (p < 0.05). The ultrasound washing process significantly reduced total myoglobin content (from 2.790 ± 0.078 to 0.178 ± 0.029 mg/g) (p < 0.05). An increase in oxymyoglobin content was found in minced fish treated with ultrasound. Compared with the conventional method, ultrasound-assisted washing had reduced lipid oxidation as indicated by malondialdehyde content (from 2.50 ± 0.11 to 1.81 ± 0.11 mg/kg). The ultrasound treatment also improved water combining ability and increased the water hold capacity of the minced fish. The sarcoplasmic protein was removed, resulting in a concentration of myofibrillar protein that plays an important role in enhancing the surimi product's breaking force and gel strength. Therefore, low-intensity ultrasound-assisted washing effectively improved the gel properties of surimi from the yellowstripe scad.
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Ultrasonic enhancement of lipase-catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production from used cooking oil
(2023-06-01)
Patchimpet, Jaran
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Zhang, Yi
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Simpson, Benjamin K.
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Rui, Xin
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Sangkharak, Kanokphorn
This work investigated the ultrasonic irradiation-enhanced transesterification using lipase from the viscera of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to produce biodiesel from used cooking oil (UCO) and methanol. The effects of processing conditions such as irradiation time, ultrasonic frequency, and temperature on biodiesel yield were investigated. Results showed that the use of ultrasound decreased the reaction time from 28 to 3 h with ultrasonic frequency of 16 kHz, methanol to oil molar ratio of 4:1, lipase concentration of 30 kUnit, and reaction temperature of 40 °C. The efficacy of ultrasound was compared with conventional mechanical stirring operated at optimum conditions, and the ultrasonic irradiation coupled with stirring enhanced the transesterification with the highest yield of 97.59%. The fuel properties of the produced biodiesel in this study desirably met the recommended biodiesel standards as prescribed by EN 14214 and ASTM D 6751, suggesting the biodiesel obtained from ultrasound-assisted lipase-catalyzed transesterification of UCO with methanol is a promising alternative for conventional biodiesels and diesels. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
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Thermoseparating aqueous two-phase system for lipase recovery and partitioning from Nile tilapia viscera: Biochemical properties and effect of ultrasound
(2021-06-01)
Patchimpet, Jaran
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Sangkharak, Kanokphorn
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Eiad-ua, Apiluck
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Klomklao, Sappasith
Lipase from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) viscera were partitioned and recovered using a thermoseparating aqueous two-phase system (T-ATPS). Different phase partitioning parameters, including type and concentration of salts, concentration of EOPO, NaCl addition, the EOPO phase/distilled water ratio and temperature were optimized. In the primary ATPS, lipase was satisfactorily partitioned to the EOPO-rich top phase in the optimum system composed of 20% crude enzyme, 40% EOPO 3900, 10% (NH<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> and 4% NaCl. In the secondary ATPS, the optimum ratio between the EOPO-rich top phase and distilled water was 1:1 (w/w) and the optimum temperature for inducing phase separation was 60 °C. After thermoseparation, water solution containing lipase and EOPO were formed in the top and bottom phase of this step, respectively. Under the optimal partitioning condition, the yield (64.45%) and purification fold (PF: 6.30-fold) were obtained. Additionally, the lipases retained in the salt-rich bottom phase in the primary ATPS were successfully recovered from the recycling step no more than three times. The total yield of 93.59% was obtained from this separation system. The partitioned enzyme exhibited optimal activity at pH 8.5 and 40 °C and was stable at a temperature range of 0–40 °C and a pH range of 8–10. It showed high tolerance in the presence of ethanol and methanol. The effect of ultrasound on the partitioned lipase activity was also studied. The highest lipase activity was achieved when the sample was treated with ultrasound at 180 W and 24 kHz for 20 min at 40 °C, under which the activity was increased by 110.73% over the control. Therefore, the T-ATPS was found to be an attractive technique for the recovery and partial purification of lipase from Nile tilapia viscera. Also, ultrasound could obviously improve its activity.
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Efficiency of ultrasonic treatment on postharvest quality and bioactive compounds of ‘kim ju’ guava fruit during short-term storage at room temperature
(2021-01-01)
Supapvanich, Suriyan
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Kijka, Chollawit
The purpose of this recent work was to investigate the efficiency of ultrasonic (US) treatment on the postharvest quality and bioactive compounds of ‘Kim Ju’ guava fruits during storage at room temperature (RT) (28±1°C) for 6 d. The fruit samples were sonicated at 40 kHz and 150 w for 10 min. Visual appearance, colour attributes, tweight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), texture, pectin substances, antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoids contents of the fruits were monitored during storage. The fruits treated with US had better visual appearance than that of untreated fruits. US treatment could delay weight loss but it had no effect on all colour attributes, TSS and TA of fruits. Fruit softening was inhibited by US treatment due to delay in the formation of increased soluble pectin and by decreased insoluble pectin contents. Moreover, US treatment could enhance antioxidant activity and the total phenols and flavonoids contents. Nevertheless, there was no change of ascorbic acid content in fruits during storage. These results suggest that US treatment is an effective postharvest approach, which could preserve postharvest quality and level of bioactive compounds of ‘Kim Ju’ guavas during short-term storage at RT.
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The effects of ultrasound – assisted recrystallization followed by chilling to produce the lower glycemic index of rice with different amylose content
(2020-09-01)
Kunyanee, Kannika
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Luangsakul, Naphatrapi
White rice is a major source of carbohydrates, but its high glycemic index makes it unsuitable for diabetics. The objective of this study was to lower the expected glycemic index (eGI) of two white rice cultivars, ‘KDML105’ (low amylose content) and ‘CN1’ (high amylose content), using ultrasound, chilling treatments, or the combination of both. Ultrasound was applied by ultrasonic bath with varied amplitude and duration; chilling was performed at 4 °C for 24 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and gelatinization assays revealed that ultrasound treatment induced changes in grain crystallinity These changes affected the eGI, increasing it for ‘KDML105’, and lowering it for ‘CN1’. The combination of ultrasound and chilling contributed to rearrangement of starch molecules, causing a decrease in the eGI of both cultivars. Therefore, the combination of ultrasound and chilling treatment strongly promoted lowering the eGI of both rice cultivars.
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Computational algorithm of high-intensity focused ultrasound beams in cancer tissue model for hyperthermia therapy
(2020-01-01)
Songkaitiwong, Kittiphot
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Locharoenrat, Kitsakorn
We calculate the acoustic field of a high-intensity focused ultrasound field in a 2D-model of human breast carcinoma and induce temperature elevation for the generation of necrosis. The computational operation is based on the Pennes bioheat concept. This method provides precise heat transfer values based upon thermal conduction in soft tissue and thermal convection in the domain of the blood. An ultrasound beam at 1 MHz was laterally focused on a tumor of 15.0 mm x 28.5 mm at different focal depths without elevational focalization. The length of each focus point of the ultrasound beam was 6.8 - 45.4 mm on the vertical axis, whereas the full width at half maximum was 1.1-2.5 mm on the horizontal axis. Simulated results showed that a discrepancy of the acoustic pressure around the focus area rises with focal depth. Like the pressure profile, when the focal depth is close to the ultrasound source, the thermal homogeneity around the focus area is attained, whereas thermal uniformity around the focus area becomes worse with increasing focal depth. Using the data visualization arrangement, a temperature profile corresponding to the obtained pressure profile is converted to attain a 2D image of a model of human breast carcinoma to show that tumor ablation was achieved and the healthy surrounding tissues were safe.

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