Now showing 1 - 10 of 14
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    Classification of Capacitor Bank Switching Using Fuzzy Interference Systems in 230 kV Substation
    (2024-01-01)
    Patcharoen, Theerasak
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    Lertwanitrot, Praikanok
    Flexible AC transmission systems are used for enhancing the stability, transmission efficiency, and reliability of AC grids. Additionally, the most cost-effective devices for compensating reactive power are Mechanically Switched Capacitors (MSCs). This study proposes a novel algorithm for detection and capacitor bank switching transient signals in MSC, to prevent the protective relay maloperation by these transients. The Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used for effective time-frequency analysis and detection of measured three-phase current signals. DWT extracts the detailed wavelet coefficients of current signals at levels 1 to 30. In addition, the fuzzy inference system (FIS) has been used to determine the type of switching transient. The proposed combination of FIS and DWT has been tested on 230 kV substation and the result demonstrated precision for the identification and classification of both transient signals in MSC with 88% accuracy rate.
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    Reduction of Impact from Voltage Sags During Faults in Distribution System by Installing Neutral Grounding Resistor
    (2025-01-01)
    Phannil, Natthanon
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    This research focuses on a small power producer operating a cogeneration power plant that utilizes natural gas as fuel to generate electricity. The plant, with a capacity of 90 MW, supplies both electricity and steam to industrial customers within a designated industrial zone. Power is delivered to four feeder industrial customers and the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) at voltage levels of 115 kV and 22 kV. The five customers connected to Feeder 4 at 22 kV experienced voltage sags caused by short circuits in the distribution system. These sags had a significant impact on their production processes, as the machinery in their factories is interdependent and requires high-quality power to function properly. Certain machines, being highly sensitive to voltage fluctuations, stop operating if the voltage drops outside their acceptable range. This disrupts the production process, as the halted machinery must undergo recovery and restart procedures, which are time-consuming. Consequently, this downtime leads to delays and lost revenue opportunities for the affected customers. This issue is a significant concern for factories in industrial estates. Therefore, to address this problem, this research focuses on studying methods to mitigate the impact of voltage sags by installing a Neutral Grounding Resistor (NGR). The study simulates the distribution system during a single line to ground fault. This research examines the effects of voltage sags to inform the design of NGR installations, including investment and cost-effectiveness for resistances of 0, 6, 13, 19 and 26 ohms. Simultaneously, the study also investigates the potential for voltage swell in the distribution system due to the installation of the NGR. The study is conducted using MATLAB Simulink simulations. The findings suggest that installing an NGR with a resistance of 13 ohms is the optimal choice, offering optimal voltage sag, voltage swell, and fault current performance. The budget for the NGR installation by a contractor is approximately 1,000,000 THB, while the total cost for replacing the surge arresters in the system would be 135,000 THB.
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    An Evaluation Study on Electric Appliance Characteristics and Load Patterns in Residential Buildings
    (2026-01-01)
    Thongsuk, Surakit
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    Songsukthawan, Panapong
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    Sottiyaphai, Chayanut
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    Energy usage in residential buildings has been constantly increasing as work-from-home trends continue to maintain popularity. To improve energy efficiency, the load profile and electric appliances in households need to be established and analyzed. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of electric appliances that are commonly used in residential buildings under various operating conditions. An experimental setup with household electric appliances was built, and power quality meters were installed to assess the patterns under various operating conditions. In addition, the usage patterns were used to construct the daily load profile and analyze the energy consumption in residential buildings. The results demonstrate that load patterns constructed from actual measurements can achieve an accurate depiction of energy usage in residential buildings. The obtained load profile can be used in load control to improve energy efficiency and the application of renewable energy in demand reduction.
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    Transient Analysis to Distinguish Mechanically Switched Capacitors Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Artificial Intelligence
    (2026-01-01)
    Thongsuk, Surakit
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    Bunjongjit, Sulee
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    Capacitor banks are widely used in modern power systems for reactive power compensation and voltage regulation. However, switching operations of mechanically switched capacitors (MSCs) can generate transient phenomena, such as inrush currents, which may resemble fault currents and lead to misoperation of protection systems. Therefore, accurate detection and classification of transient events are essential for reliable system operation. This study proposes a hybrid approach for transient signal analysis and classification by integrating the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, including probabilistic neural networks and fuzzy inference systems (FIS). The DWT performs time–frequency analysis to extract multi-scale wavelet features from three-phase current signals. The proposed method enables both discrimination between inrush and fault currents and multi-class classification of transient events among six capacitor switching conditions, namely base case, pre-insertion resistor, pre-insertion inductor, current limiting reactor, 6% reactor, and synchronous closing. The methodology is validated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations under isolated and back-to-back capacitor switching scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed DWT–AI approach achieves high classification accuracy exceeding 95%, outperforming conventional methods based on DWT alone and DWT combined with FIS. Furthermore, the proposed method improves protection system performance by reducing false tripping caused by transient inrush currents, while maintaining reliable fault detection capability. The findings confirm that integrating time–frequency signal processing with AI-based classification provides an effective and practical solution for transient event discrimination in MSC capacitor bank systems.
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    Combining Fuzzy Logic and Discrete Wavelet Transform for Accurate Fault and Inrush Current Classification in High Voltage Capacitor Banks
    (2024-01-01)
    Songsukthawan, Panapong
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    Patcharoen, Theerasak
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    The high voltage capacitor bank is a critical component in substations, essential for maintaining power quality and system stability. However, these banks are susceptible to faults and inrush currents, posing significant operational challenges. This paper presents a method for accurately classifying fault and inrush currents in high voltage capacitor banks using Fuzzy Logic and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The DWT decomposes current waveforms into frequency components, enabling the extraction of features that characterize faults and inrush currents. These features are processed by a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), which classifies the events based on predefined rules and membership functions. The integration of DWT and FIS provides a robust framework for distinguishing between different types of faults and inrush currents with high accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed method's efficacy, showing improved performance in classification accuracy and noise robustness compared to traditional techniques. This research enhances monitoring and protection systems in power networks, ensuring more reliable operation of high voltage capacitor banks. Implementing this method allows for better fault management and minimized downtime, leading to improved overall system efficiency and stability.
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    Power Quality Improvement Based on Active Harmonic Filter in 24 kV Liquefied Natural Gas Industrial Plant’s Photovoltaic System
    (2026-06-01) ;
    Patcharoen, Theerasak
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    Lothongkam, Chaiyaporn
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    Lertwanitrot, Praikanok
    This paper presents a case study demonstrating the power quality improvements in a 24 kV distribution system at a liquefied natural gas (LNG) industrial plant with variable speed drives (VSDs), the conventional capacitor bank, and a rooftop solar photovoltaic system. Solar photovoltaic (PV) inverters can supply harmonic currents to the grid, potentially affecting the system and causing maloperation of sensitive equipment in both the utility systems and neighboring industries connected to it. Therefore, the installation of shunt active power filters (APFs) in a 400 V system was proposed in this study. The installed locations were varied, and the corresponding power qualities were analyzed. The results were examined in terms of design and harmonic elimination. Simulations were conducted using the PSCAD/EMTDC software version 4.5. The power quality simulation and field measurement results after the APF installation were compared to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. The addition of APFs was found to improve the power quality. In addition to the mechanism analysis, the economic feasibility of the proposed approach was investigated. The costs of APF installation in various locations were analyzed. The results show that the proposed method can improve the power supply at a reasonable price. This work contributes to sustainable industrial energy systems by improving the reliability and power quality of photovoltaic-integrated electrical networks, thereby supporting higher penetration of renewable energy resources and stable low-carbon industrial operation.
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    An Approach for Voltage Drop Improvement in Distribution Line Using High-Voltage Capacitor Bank
    (2025-01-01)
    Songsukthawan, Panapong
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    Thongsuk, Surakit
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    Phannil, Natthanon
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    Bunjongjit, Sulee
    Distribution line voltage drops cause power losses and a general decline in the efficiency of the electrical power system. In this study, PSCAD software is used to evaluate the elements that impact the voltage drop in the distribution line, including distribution line length, electric load power factor, and electric load capacity, both with and without capacitor bank installation. The 22-kV overhead distribution line in Thailand served as the basis for the simulation model’s creation. It has been suggested to install capacitor bank-based techniques to increase voltage on distribution lines. The findings show that the voltage drop is significantly influenced by the distribution line distance, electric load power factor, and electric load capacity. The voltage drop can be minimized to the greatest extent by properly arranging capacitor banks.
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    Influence of wind farm on distribution system: Current characteristics during fault occurrence
    In this past few years, installation of distributed generator (DG) has become topic of interest in many countries due to rapid increase in energy and environmental issue. Generating power from renewable source has been proposed to compensate fossil fuel that is currently depleted. Wind power is one of the renewable energy sources that gains a huge attention, and many utilities are connecting wind power to distribution system. This number is going to get higher in the near future. Research on influence of wind power on system must be done in order to ensure the reliability of power system. This paper aims to study an impact of wind power-integrated distribution system when fault occurs in the system for various conditions. Many factors capable of changing system characteristics have been taken into account such as distribution system consisting of multi-wind power generation, size of wind power generation, fault type, and location of fault. Distribution system under this study is modeled based on 22 kv distribution network of Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) in Thailand. Simulation will be done by using PSCAD/EMTP. Result obtained from case studies will be used to analyze and evaluate the effect of installation of wind power. The result indicates that the DG contributes significant fault current to the system when fault occurs.
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    Internal Fault Classification Algorithm in Power Transformer Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and Fuzzy Logic
    This paper proposed classification algorithm that combination of wavelet transform and fuzzy logic to classifying the internal fault type in power transform. The decision algorithm process, a structure of the fuzzy logic consists of 4 inputs and 1 output. The maximum ratio of DWT at & #xbc; cycle of phase A, B, C is performed as input variables while the output variables are designated corresponding to various types of internal faults. The 50 MVA, 115/23 kV three-phase power transformer has been modelled and simulate to evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm gives satisfactory results, however, the overall accuracy indicates that this algorithm requires the further improvement.
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    Development of overcurrent relay based on wavelet transform for fault detection in transmission line
    (2024-12-01) ;
    Lertwanitrot, Praikanok
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    This study proposes a protection relay using a microcontroller to detect and classify faults in transmission lines based on the wavelet transform. An experimental model was constructed from an actual 115 kV transmission system prototype. The current signal was observed based on the fault type, phase, and position. Clark’s transform and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) were applied to transform signals for analysis. Moreover, the performance of fault detection based on the output signals of Clark’s transform (alpha sequence, beta sequence, and zero sequence current) was compared to the performance of the alternative proposed fault detection method, which is based on the combining factor between alpha and beta sequence current. In addition, the influence of DWT level on fault analysis is also considered and is used to confirm the accuracy of fault detection. Results show that the proposed method is efficient for fault detection and classification. This finding allows the researcher to choose the appropriate analytical method. Moreover, it can also be used as the basis for overcurrent relay algorithm design in the effort to develop more advanced technologies.