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    Classification of Capacitor Bank Switching Using Fuzzy Interference Systems in 230 kV Substation
    (2024-01-01)
    Patcharoen, Theerasak
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    ; ; ;
    Lertwanitrot, Praikanok
    Flexible AC transmission systems are used for enhancing the stability, transmission efficiency, and reliability of AC grids. Additionally, the most cost-effective devices for compensating reactive power are Mechanically Switched Capacitors (MSCs). This study proposes a novel algorithm for detection and capacitor bank switching transient signals in MSC, to prevent the protective relay maloperation by these transients. The Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used for effective time-frequency analysis and detection of measured three-phase current signals. DWT extracts the detailed wavelet coefficients of current signals at levels 1 to 30. In addition, the fuzzy inference system (FIS) has been used to determine the type of switching transient. The proposed combination of FIS and DWT has been tested on 230 kV substation and the result demonstrated precision for the identification and classification of both transient signals in MSC with 88% accuracy rate.
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    Effects of Conditional Changes on High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission Line Characteristic
    (2022-01-01) ; ;
    Leelajindakrairerk, Monthon
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    Phannil, Natthanon
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    Bunjongjit, Sulee
    The high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system, which links the Gurun Substation of the National Electric Authority of Malaysia (Tenaga Nasional Berhad, TNB) with the Khlong Ngae Station of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), has been extensively researched to achieve the highest quality because it is the largest of its kind in Thailand, and there is a plant to expand its transmission power. However, the impact on the whole system is under-researched. To study and develop this system, the HVDC transmission line is modelled with the MATLAB/Simulink program and a laboratory setup to investigate the effect of transmission line distance, load power, and voltage on power loss, voltage drop, and waveform. The HVDC transmission line parameters are calculated from the actual transmission line parameters and converted to the simulation model parameters using the per-unit method. The model is verified and tested by the simulation program before creating the experimental setup. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effects of changing system conditions via the three aspects. All the three conditions directly affect the HVDC transmission line; nevertheless, they affect each aspect differently.
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    A phase diagram approach to the detection and location of faulty capacitor units in A 115-kV capacitor bank based on unbalanced current arguments
    (2023-03-01) ;
    Lertwanitrot, Praikanok
    ;
    The protection of traditional high voltage capacitor banks relies on an unbalance relay which operates when an internal fuse is blown. However, the unbalance relay cannot indicate cause or position of the fault. Thus, an operator wastes time and human resources investigating the fault issues. To address this issue, a method to locate the fault position in a capacitor bank is developed in this study. The study was simulated by using PSCAD software and modeled on the 115-kV system of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT). Case studies involving faults with varied phases, side and branch connections, row connections, and inception angles were considered. Moreover, the magnitude and argument of the current phase and unbalanced current were analyzed to identify the fault location in a capacitor bank. The performance of the proposed method was verified via comparison with that of traditional methods and the results of laboratory experiments. In addition, various voltage systems were observed to verify the flexibility and accuracy of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method was more efficient than traditional methods at locating the fault position in a capacitor bank.
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    Behaviour analysis of H-bridge high-voltage capacitor banks fault on 230-kV substation using discrete wavelet transform
    (2023-11-01)
    Chiradeja, Pathomthat
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    Lertwanitrot, Praikanok
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    ;
    The protection of traditional high-voltage capacitor banks relies on an unbalance relay which operates when an internal fuse is blown. However, the unbalance relay cannot indicate the cause of the fault. Thus, an operator wastes time and human resources investigating the fault issues. In this paper, a fault which occurred in a 230-kV power system of Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand was observed by performing simulations using the Power Systems Computer Aided Design (PSCAD) program. The study system based on the double bus station and 72 MVAR capacitor banks was installed in the form of a back-to-back topology. Three scenarios were considered: normal condition, fault occurrence in one capacitor bank and fault occurrence in both capacitor banks. Current characteristics such as the current phase and difference in unbalance current were considered. In addition, discrete wavelet transform was applied to solve the ambiguity of current generated from the PSCAD. The authors’ results suggest that identifying fault events using a coefficient of wavelet is more efficient than relying on the current amplitude. The findings mentioned in this paper can be applied in a traditional power system protection scheme to enhance a system's reliability.
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    An Evaluation Study on Electric Appliance Characteristics and Load Patterns in Residential Buildings
    (2026-01-01)
    Thongsuk, Surakit
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    Songsukthawan, Panapong
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    Sottiyaphai, Chayanut
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    Energy usage in residential buildings has been constantly increasing as work-from-home trends continue to maintain popularity. To improve energy efficiency, the load profile and electric appliances in households need to be established and analyzed. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of electric appliances that are commonly used in residential buildings under various operating conditions. An experimental setup with household electric appliances was built, and power quality meters were installed to assess the patterns under various operating conditions. In addition, the usage patterns were used to construct the daily load profile and analyze the energy consumption in residential buildings. The results demonstrate that load patterns constructed from actual measurements can achieve an accurate depiction of energy usage in residential buildings. The obtained load profile can be used in load control to improve energy efficiency and the application of renewable energy in demand reduction.
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    Relation among velocity of lightning travelling wave, lightning stroke current, and tower footing resistance to study back-flashover on the insulators in transmission tower
    (2013-01-01) ;
    Thongsuk, S.
    This paper studies the impact of back-flashover on the insulators with various velocities of lightning travelling wave, the lightning stroke current, and the tower footing resistance. The impedance of transmission tower section such as top tower, upper phase, middle phase, and lower phase that is calculated with lightning velocity dependent parameters is also considered. The velocity of lightning travelling wave at 300 m/μs and 200 m/μs is compared to consider back-flashover including maximum voltage at the cross arm and voltage across insulators. The results is shown that the velocity of lightning travelling wave plays an important role for the back-flashover voltage across insulator as well as the tower footing resistance and the lightning stroke current. © 2013 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.
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    Identification of the fault location for three-terminal transmission lines using discrete wavelet transforms
    (2009-12-16)
    Chiradeja, P.
    ;
    This paper proposes a technique to detect fault locations in a three-bus transmission system using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The comparison among the first peak time in first scale of each terminal (buses) that can detect fault is performed and the two fastest first peak time obtained from comparison are used as an input data for traveling wave equation later. A comparison of results obtained from three different types of mother wavelet is discussed in order to identify the fault locations with an application of traveling wave theory. It is shown that the db4 mother wavelet produces better results than those from 'sym4' and 'coif4', with a mean error of less than 400 m.
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    Performance and electromagnetic interference mitigation of DC-DC converter connected to photovoltaic panel
    (2019-11-01) ;
    Renewable energy has been rapidly increased in terms of installed capacity. However, the electronic components inside such a system can cause a serious threat such as Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) to nearby sensitive devices/equipment. This paper aims to study on performance of DC-DC boost converter connected to photovoltaic panel and how to reduce EMI emissions issued in the system. A passive EMI low-pass filtering is one of various mitigation techniques. The designed converter connected to photovoltaic panel and EMI filter are tested in both simulation software and field testing by using EN55022 standard as a reference.
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    Inrush current analysis for switching large shunt capacitor bank in a 230 kV substation system
    (2013-12-01)
    Patcharoen, T.
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    ;
    This paper presents the simulation and investigation of switching large shunt capacitor bank in a 230kV Thailand substation system. Simulation is performed using PSCAD/EMTDC. The inrush current is generated by energizing of the 4×72 Mvar, 230 kV shunt capacitor banks. The purpose is to observe the inrush current to ensure safe and successful operations of the shunt capacitor banks. In addition, the effects of parameters such as sizing of current limiting reactor (CLR), pre-insert resistor (PIR) and 6% detuning reactor are investigated. The results of simulations are shown that the 6% detuning reactor can reduce inrush current more than other methods. © 2013 IEEE.
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    Transient Analysis to Distinguish Mechanically Switched Capacitors Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Artificial Intelligence
    (2026-01-01)
    Thongsuk, Surakit
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    Bunjongjit, Sulee
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    ; ;
    Capacitor banks are widely used in modern power systems for reactive power compensation and voltage regulation. However, switching operations of mechanically switched capacitors (MSCs) can generate transient phenomena, such as inrush currents, which may resemble fault currents and lead to misoperation of protection systems. Therefore, accurate detection and classification of transient events are essential for reliable system operation. This study proposes a hybrid approach for transient signal analysis and classification by integrating the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, including probabilistic neural networks and fuzzy inference systems (FIS). The DWT performs time–frequency analysis to extract multi-scale wavelet features from three-phase current signals. The proposed method enables both discrimination between inrush and fault currents and multi-class classification of transient events among six capacitor switching conditions, namely base case, pre-insertion resistor, pre-insertion inductor, current limiting reactor, 6% reactor, and synchronous closing. The methodology is validated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations under isolated and back-to-back capacitor switching scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed DWT–AI approach achieves high classification accuracy exceeding 95%, outperforming conventional methods based on DWT alone and DWT combined with FIS. Furthermore, the proposed method improves protection system performance by reducing false tripping caused by transient inrush currents, while maintaining reliable fault detection capability. The findings confirm that integrating time–frequency signal processing with AI-based classification provides an effective and practical solution for transient event discrimination in MSC capacitor bank systems.