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    Analysis of effective numerical aperture in 2-D photonic crystal waveguide
    (2014-01-01)
    Chantakit, T.
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    Yupapin, P. P.
    The effective numerical aperture calculation in two-dimensional Photonic crystal waveguide has been proposed. In this paper we present the analysis of ray optics refracted inside nano rods and at the boundaries between rods, which separates rod gap is much smaller than the incident wavelength assumed to reflect on the region. In operation, the resolving numerical aperture was compared with the finite difference time domain method via OptiFDTD software. Although numerical aperture mentioned above was found to be extremely close to fiber optics, a transmission passes though compartments of the rods are observed due to significant estimation of transmission and reflection of electric field. The compared simulation results will be discussed. By the aforementioned is that in the near future we will modify wave equation in periodic media of waveguide structures reached to the transverse electric equation of beam propagation in the two-dimensional Photonic crystal waveguide analysed. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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    Dry film Holographic grating based on computer-generated mask Lithography
    (2022-01-01)
    Inneam, Chanikan
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    Tipawan Khlayboonme, S.
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    This paper presented an alternative technique for fabricating the dry film holographic grating based on a mask generated by computer simulation and experimental results. The mask was generated by a fringe pattern which is created by the mathematical model of two beams interference with various angles. Computer simulation of the fringe pattern was printed on film, i.e., the holographic grating mask. The mask was attached on dry film and then illuminated by UV light, where the lithography technique was applied. According to the lithography technique, the computer-generated holographic grating mask was transferred to dry film. After fabrication, fringe patterns obtained from the grating were observed. Then, the grating period was analyzed and confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Experimental results show that the method could apply to fabricate the dry film holographic grating.
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    Design and simulation of asymmetric Y-junction beam splitter with controllable splitting based on adjusted air-hole defect
    We report a construction of a new asymmetric Y-junction beam splitter with a controllable splitting ratio and simulate this splitter. The splitter is based on InP, has the area 65.0 µm<sup>2</sup> and operates at the light wavelengths 1.48 and 1.55 µm. Under condition of no air-hole defect, the splitting ratio for the output ports 1 and 2 is equal to 92/8 at the both wavelengths. To control the splitting ratio, air-hole defects with different (diamond, square and cylinder) shapes are introduced at the junction between the two output ports. Our simulations confirm that the splitting ratio of the beam splitter can be efficiently controlled by changing the size and the shape of the air-hole defect. The maximal splitting ratios at our operating wavelengths are equal to 10/90 and 14/86 and the appropriate average insertion losses amount to 0.36 and 0.31 dB for all of defect shapes.
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    Fabrication of holographic grating by alternative setting of michelson interferometer
    (2021-01-28)
    Inneam, Chanikan
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    This paper presents the method and experimental results of the fabrication of holographic grating. The holographic grating was fabricated by using an alternative setting of Michelson Interferometer. In general, the interference pattern produces by Michelson interferometer is a circle fringe pattern. By an alternative setting of the interferometer, we could obtain a fringe pattern that has a linear shape. The angles between the two arms of Michelson interferometer, cross-beam angle, were adjusted until a linear interference pattern occurs. The interference pattern was projected onto a screen where a photoresist film is located. The photoresist film functional as a collective material of an interference pattern, i.e., a holographic grating. The film is developed and then fixed by a chemical process. By the chemical process, the holographic grating is permanence recorded on the film. After the fabrication process, we analyzed the physical properties of the holographic grating. We also measured the grating space by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Relationships between cross-beam angles and grating space are shown and discussed. Experimental results show that we could apply the proposed method to fabricate a holographic grating.
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    An electricity generator model by the water delivery system of sanitary ware
    (2014-01-01)
    Panthong, S.
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    Poomjan, S.
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    In this research is presented electricity production of sanitary ware, which can be covered kinetic energy of water to electric current from water delivery system. A small electric generator will be set on the water delivery system of sanitariums. It consists with a turbine electric generator and a big tank which build in on tank of a sanitarium. Turbine generator is generated small electric currents by a lot of water inside pipe. If this system were set in a large building for example such as department store, etc. the electric currents would be on generating in order to cumulative energy. In which Bangkok has a population about ten millions of people which sanitariums are used about a hundred millions of time per day. The experimental results of this model can be calculated electric currents to compare with systems which were set on large building. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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    Force sensing device design using a modified add-drop filter
    (2012-01-01)
    Kulrod, K.
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    Sirawattananon, C.
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    Mitatha, S.
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    Yupapin, P. P.
    We propose a new sensing device using a modified add-drop filter known as a PANDA ring resonator type, in which the sensing unit is consisted of an optical add/drop filter and two nanoring resonators, where one ring is placed as a sensing device, the other ring is set as a reference. In operation, the external force is assumed to exert on the sensing ring resonator, which can form the measurement. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method called Optiwave is used to manipulate the sensing behaviors of the proposed system. The obtained results have shown that the change in wavelength due to the change in sensing ring radii is seen, in which the wavelength shift of 1 nm resolution is achieved. The recovery and the reciprocal signals can also be formed, which can be used to approach to many advantages of measurements, including the possibility of standardizing measurement accuracy. The behavior of light within a PANDA ring resonator is also analyzed and reviewed. © 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Characterization of blade Bragg grating modeling with different incident angle profiles for strain sensor applications
    (2014-10-09)
    Cheamanunkul, Niparat
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    Yupapin, Preecha P.
    This paper presents some preliminary results of sensing properties of single-mode silica blade Bragg gratings model which is coated by a poly(methyl methacrylate). The proposed mathematic model of blade Bragg gratings consists of alternated periodic slabs waveguide with inclined angle and is analyzed by using the principle of multilayer transfer matrix for photonic crystal. By varying the incident angle, the slabs angle, the proposed model is simulated for all of the parameters, regarding to the sensor applications. The simulation results were shown and discussed. According to the simulation results, this model can be used for sensitive stain sensor applications.
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    Proposed nano-scale sensing transducer using nano-waveguide for dynamic measurement applications
    (2009-01-01) ;
    Fujii, Yusaku
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    Chaiyachet, Panuwat
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    Yupapin, Preecha P.
    We propose a new concept of a nano-sensing transducer system using a nano-waveguide. The small change in physical quantity affects to the change in device parameters such as refractive index or length which is relatively absorbed and observed by the resonant signal. In principle, the stored light pulse at the specified wavelength is generated by using a soliton propagating within the input ring resonators, whereas a resonant signal can be stored within the nano-waveguide, i.e. a transducer, which is formed the sensing ring device. The induced change in the resonant signal is occurred, and can be detected by using the wavelength domain detector (optical spectrum analyzer). Such a proposed device is suitable to perform the measurements in the nano-scale regime such as force, stress and temperature. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A fabrication of galvanic cell from pineapple peel residue in agricultural industries
    (2014-01-01)
    Pancharoen, A.
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    Poomjan, S.
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    In this research, we present a fabrication of an electric generation experimental kit which is comprised of pineapple peel residue from agricultural industries. Juice from squeezing pineapple peel was used as electrolyte of a galvanic cell. Sufficient acidity of the juice could activate electrochemical reaction in the galvanic cell kit using a zinc plate and copper plate as electrodes. During the experiment, adjustable distances between the two electrodes were controlled to obtain maximum output voltage. It has been already known that a galvanic cell with a lower distance between electrodes could provide higher output voltage but both electrodes could not touch each other. Experimental results from controlling distances between the 2 electrodes showed that the galvanic cell kit could provide high output voltage of 1.00 V which was able to apply in electronic devices. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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    Electronic nose ammonia gas monitoring via IoT system for Chlorella sp. cultivation
    (2023-01-01) ;
    Kruakuanphet, Aphichaya
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    Phongwisit, Phachara
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    In this paper, we present an electronic nose ammonia gas monitoring via IoT system for Chlorella sp. cultivation. The MQ–137 gas sensor module is selected as the primary sensor for measuring ammonia gas concentration. The pH sensor module is the sensor for measuring the pH levels in Chlorella sp. ponds. The MQ–137 gas sensors are calibrated with a known concentration of ammonia gas in the calibration box. Calibration conditions are set corresponding to low concentration of ammonia gas produced by Chlorella sp. cultivation. The pH sensor module is calibrated against a standard pH buffer. The calibration data obtained from the calibration method is input into computer programming and processed by the ESP8266 microprocessor. After calibration, the MQ–137 gas sensor and pH sensor modules are used to measure the ammonia gas concentration and pH levels in the Chlorella sp. ponds. Chlorella sp. is cultivated under three conditions of light intensity, natural light with an average light intensity of 1521 Lux, and artificial light with a light intensity of 1000 Lux and 2000 Lux, respectively. The ammonia gas concentration and pH levels of Chlorella sp. cultivation are transferred to the cloud system and displayed via the IoT system. And the system can also send a notification to a smartphone when ammonia gas concentration and the pH levels reach the specified value.