Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
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    Growth stage detection for food consumption management in smart cricket farming using a deep learning technique
    This research proposed a novel method for tracking and predicting the growth stages of two-spotted crickets, reared in a temperature-controlled box at different growth stages using the YOLOv5s model. The images of crickets feeding inside the rearing box were taken with an infrared camera above the feeding point every hour. Images of the cricket were used to train a YOLOv5s model to detect crickets for each growth stage in the rearing box. The experimental results showed that the trained deep learning had an average accuracy of 95.7%. The relationship between the ratio of crickets at each growth stage throughout the 45-day rearing period was plotted and discussed. The results also showed a clear relationship between the amount of food consumed by crickets per day and their growth stage, which could be useful for appropriately managing food consumption according to the growth stage of crickets.
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    Dry film Holographic grating based on computer-generated mask Lithography
    (2022-01-01)
    Inneam, Chanikan
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    Tipawan Khlayboonme, S.
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    This paper presented an alternative technique for fabricating the dry film holographic grating based on a mask generated by computer simulation and experimental results. The mask was generated by a fringe pattern which is created by the mathematical model of two beams interference with various angles. Computer simulation of the fringe pattern was printed on film, i.e., the holographic grating mask. The mask was attached on dry film and then illuminated by UV light, where the lithography technique was applied. According to the lithography technique, the computer-generated holographic grating mask was transferred to dry film. After fabrication, fringe patterns obtained from the grating were observed. Then, the grating period was analyzed and confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Experimental results show that the method could apply to fabricate the dry film holographic grating.
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    Design and simulation of asymmetric Y-junction beam splitter with controllable splitting based on adjusted air-hole defect
    We report a construction of a new asymmetric Y-junction beam splitter with a controllable splitting ratio and simulate this splitter. The splitter is based on InP, has the area 65.0 µm<sup>2</sup> and operates at the light wavelengths 1.48 and 1.55 µm. Under condition of no air-hole defect, the splitting ratio for the output ports 1 and 2 is equal to 92/8 at the both wavelengths. To control the splitting ratio, air-hole defects with different (diamond, square and cylinder) shapes are introduced at the junction between the two output ports. Our simulations confirm that the splitting ratio of the beam splitter can be efficiently controlled by changing the size and the shape of the air-hole defect. The maximal splitting ratios at our operating wavelengths are equal to 10/90 and 14/86 and the appropriate average insertion losses amount to 0.36 and 0.31 dB for all of defect shapes.
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    Fabrication of holographic grating by alternative setting of michelson interferometer
    (2021-01-28)
    Inneam, Chanikan
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    This paper presents the method and experimental results of the fabrication of holographic grating. The holographic grating was fabricated by using an alternative setting of Michelson Interferometer. In general, the interference pattern produces by Michelson interferometer is a circle fringe pattern. By an alternative setting of the interferometer, we could obtain a fringe pattern that has a linear shape. The angles between the two arms of Michelson interferometer, cross-beam angle, were adjusted until a linear interference pattern occurs. The interference pattern was projected onto a screen where a photoresist film is located. The photoresist film functional as a collective material of an interference pattern, i.e., a holographic grating. The film is developed and then fixed by a chemical process. By the chemical process, the holographic grating is permanence recorded on the film. After the fabrication process, we analyzed the physical properties of the holographic grating. We also measured the grating space by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Relationships between cross-beam angles and grating space are shown and discussed. Experimental results show that we could apply the proposed method to fabricate a holographic grating.
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    Multi-range Ammonia Gas Sensor Control and Monitor via IoT System
    (2022-01-01)
    Kruakuanphet, Aphichaya
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    Phongwisit, Phachara
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    In this paper, we present a multi-range of ammonia gas concentration control and monitoring via IoT system. We can select the ammonia gas concentration measurement range by adjusting load resistance within the voltage divider circuit. The appropriate measurement range, which corresponds to the concentration of ammonia gas produced by agricultural and industrial activities, can control and monitor via Blynk application. The MQ-137 gas sensor is selected as the main sensor, and each load resistance condition within the voltage divider circuit is calibrated with known ammonia gas concentration inside a calibration box. The calibration data is input into computer programming and processed by ESP8266 microprocessor. After calibration, we obtained a multi-range ammonia gas sensor suitable for measuring the ammonia gas concentration for each concentration range. The experiment showed that load resistance affects the measurement accuracy of ammonia gas concentration. We can select the load resistance suitable for the ammonia gas concentration and display on a smartphone via IoT system.
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    Electronic nose ammonia gas monitoring via IoT system for Chlorella sp. cultivation
    (2023-01-01) ;
    Kruakuanphet, Aphichaya
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    Phongwisit, Phachara
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    In this paper, we present an electronic nose ammonia gas monitoring via IoT system for Chlorella sp. cultivation. The MQ–137 gas sensor module is selected as the primary sensor for measuring ammonia gas concentration. The pH sensor module is the sensor for measuring the pH levels in Chlorella sp. ponds. The MQ–137 gas sensors are calibrated with a known concentration of ammonia gas in the calibration box. Calibration conditions are set corresponding to low concentration of ammonia gas produced by Chlorella sp. cultivation. The pH sensor module is calibrated against a standard pH buffer. The calibration data obtained from the calibration method is input into computer programming and processed by the ESP8266 microprocessor. After calibration, the MQ–137 gas sensor and pH sensor modules are used to measure the ammonia gas concentration and pH levels in the Chlorella sp. ponds. Chlorella sp. is cultivated under three conditions of light intensity, natural light with an average light intensity of 1521 Lux, and artificial light with a light intensity of 1000 Lux and 2000 Lux, respectively. The ammonia gas concentration and pH levels of Chlorella sp. cultivation are transferred to the cloud system and displayed via the IoT system. And the system can also send a notification to a smartphone when ammonia gas concentration and the pH levels reach the specified value.
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    360 degree white light holography display on surface of transparency conical cup
    (2021-01-01) ;
    This paper presents the method and experimental results of the construction and reconstruction of three dimensions conical holography. He-Ne laser is used as the construction light source. Then the construction light is shone on top of a transparency conical cup, where a plain holographic film is wrapped around and attached to its surface. The object is located at the bottom of the cup. In this manner, the cup acts as a captured screen. After exposure, the film is developed and fixed by a chemical solution. The three-dimensional holography is recorded in the film. For reconstruction, we used red LED and flashlight as a reconstruction light source. The film is wrapped around and attached to the surface of the cup again. When the reconstruction light shines on the cup, the three-dimensional holography appears in the center of the cup. The cup is rotated in step, each step is 45 degrees, and the image is recorded by the digital camera. Experimental results show that the 360 degrees three-dimensional holographic image is successfully reconstructed. In conclusion, we could apply the method to create a three-dimensional holographic for displaying in all directions.
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    DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN IOT-CONTROLLED RGB LED LIGHTING SYSTEM FOR HYDROPONIC APPLICATIONS
    (2026-01-01)
    Worsoongnern, S.
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    This study presents the development of an Internet of Things-based RGB LED lighting system for precise, flexible light control in hydroponic plants. The system consists of 480 high-power RGB LEDs controlled by an ESP8266 microcontroller, enabling real-time adjustment of light intensity, photoperiod, and color ratios via a smartphone. Pulse-width modulation duty-cycle modulation enables the generation of white light suitable for different stages of plant growth. Experimental results show a linear correlation between illuminance and duty cycle for all color channels. Spectral analysis confirms stable emission within the photosynthetically active radiation range (400–700 nm), with the spectral composition remaining unchanged even when brightness is reduced (dimming). The system demonstrates high control accuracy and adaptability for regulating plant growth lighting, particularly for leafy vegetables such as lettuce.
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    Ultrawide-range refractive-index sensor based on asymmetric integrated Y-junction optical waveguide
    (2023-01-01)
    Phongwisit, P.
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    We present a novel ultrawide-range refractive index (RI) sensor based on an asymmetric Y-junction optical splitter. A cylindrically shaped rod with a diameter of 350 nm and a height of 1000 nm with a different RI is inserted into a junction of the asymmetric Y-junction waveguide. This rod serves as a sensing area. Our sensor is simulated using a finite-difference time-domain technique. The splitting ratio is studied for the cases of two operating wavelengths, 1480 and 1550 nm. The results show that the splitting ratio can be described as a parabolic function of the RI of the sensing area at both operating wavelengths. An approximately linear relationship between the splitting ratio and the RI occurs in a narrower RI region of 1.00–1.50, thus enabling to design an ultrawide-range RI sensor. The sensor sensitivities at the wavelengths 1480 and 1550 nm are equal respectively to 0.2653 and –0.4908 RIU<sup>–1</sup>, with the corresponding R<sup>2</sup> parameters amounting to 0.9889 and 0.9777. Our device can serve as an ultrawide-range optical RI sensor for identification of micro-scale biochemical or chemical specimens.
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    An application of reflective holographic gratings for measurement of cylindrical curvature
    (2022-01-07)
    Inneam, Chanikan
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    This paper presented an application of reflective holographic gratings for the measurement of cylindrical curvature. The surface of the fabricated holographic grating was coated with gold by the sputtering method, where it became a reflective holographic grating. The grating was attached to the surface of various radius cylindrical objects. The diffraction pattern produced by the bent grating with different radius was observed by illuminating a laser beam normal to the grating surface. The gratings constant were calculated from the observed diffraction pattern. The relationship between the grating constants and the radius of cylindrical objects was obtained. The grating constant and the reciprocal of the radius of cylindrical objects was a linear relationship, with the least R-square between 0.85-0.97. Moreover, the y-intercept of the relationship between the grating constants and the reciprocal radius was consistent with the grating constant of the non-bended grating. As the radius of the grating approach is infinite, the reciprocal of the radius approaches zero, which is a non-bend grating. We can apply this method to measure the radius of cylindrical objects.