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    Similarity model for estimating the error of clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter: Flow in water supply piping system
    (2017-01-01) ;
    Wachirapunyanont, Rathachot
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    Siriparinyanan, Pontakorn
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    This study was aimed at presenting the similarity model for the estimation of error of a clamp-on, transit-time ultrasonic flow measurement. Dimensional analysis was based on the Buckingham Pi’s theorem. The groups of independent parameters that were taken into account for the analysis included pipe characteristic, fluid characteristic, and meter installation setting. Experimental testing section was fabricated using PVC pipes with diameters of 1-in and 2-in and 45º PVC elbows. Flow velocity was fixed at 0.5 m/s. The upstream and downstream distances were in the ranges of 2D-20D and 2D-10D, respectively. It was found that the upstream and downstream distances greatly affected the accuracy of the measurement. Larger relative errors were found from the measurement on the smaller pipe. With the installation of ultrasonic transducers according to the recommended value by FCI, the error obtained with the measurements on 1-in and 2-in diameter pipes were, respectively, 7% and 0.35%. The acceptable measurement ranges of upstream distance for 1-in and 2-in diameter pipes were 16D-20D and 6D-20D, respectively. The measurements on a 2-in diameter pipe with a downstream distance in a range of 4D-10D was acceptable. For the 1-in diameter pipe, any downstream distance less than 10D resulted in unacceptable error. The accuracy of measurement was more sensitive to the change of downstream distance than the change of upstream distance. The applicable range of the prototype prediction equation was greatly affected by the flow model. The equation obtained with a 1-in diameter flow model could only be used to predict a 2-in diameter prototype within a range of 18D-20D. Increasing the size a flow model could greatly broaden the applicable range the applicable range of the prediction equation. A 2-in diameter flow model could be used to predict a prototype upto 150 in.
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    Estimation of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of biological materials using thermographic camera
    (2014-01-01) ; ;
    Songthai, Maethinee
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    This study proposes a method to estimate thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity using a thermoelectric device and a thermographic camera. The experimental results were compared with others literatures. Three different materials including acrylic, apple, and potato were tested. The proposed method has proved to be effective. The experimental results for all selected materials are in comparable range with literature values. The proposed method can be a useful tool for determining thermal properties of solid biological materials with low thermal conductivity and diffusivity values.
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    Effects of heat transfer surface temperature on liquid egg yolk fouling
    (2024-01-01) ; ;
    Suthanupaphwut, Worapanya
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    Somlitsopak, Badin
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    This study was aimed at investigating the effects of different surface temperatures (60-80°C) on the formation of egg yolk deposits on heat transfer surface. Experimental data from the fouling period were fitted with zero- and first-order reaction models and the reaction kinetics of fouling was obtained using the Arrhenius equation. Egg yolk fouling curves exhibited an asymptotic pattern showing only fouling and post-fouling periods. The fouling resistance at transition point increased with the increasing surface temperature. The zero-order reaction model was well describing the reaction rate of egg yolk fouling. The obtained activation energy of 85.47 kJ/mol was less than that for thermal denaturation of egg yolk proteins. The fouling process of egg yolk was mainly controlled by the deposition reaction.
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    Development of Mathematical Model to Predict Soymilk Fouling Deposit Mass on Heat Transfer Surfaces Using Dimensional Analysis
    (2023-04-01) ; ;
    Ongwongsakul, Ekarin
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    Schleining, Gerhard
    The formation of fouling deposits on heat exchanger surfaces is one of the major concerns in thermal processes. The fouling behavior of food materials is complex, and its mechanism remains, in general, unclear. This study was aimed at developing a predictive model for soymilk fouling deposit formed on heated surfaces using dimensional analysis. Relevant variables affecting fouling deposit mass could be grouped into six dimensionless terms using Buckingham’s pi-theorem. Experimental data were obtained from a lab-scale plate heat exchanger. A simple model developed using the experimental data under the process conditions with the product inlet temperature, the product outlet temperature, and plate surface temperature in the ranges of 50–55 °C, 65–70 °C, and 70–85 °C, respectively, exhibited a good performance in the prediction of soymilk fouled mass. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and experimental values of fouled mass was 0.97 with an average relative error of 9.03%. Within the ranges of product inlet temperature and plate surfaces temperature studied, this model offers an opportunity to estimate soymilk fouling mass with acceptable accuracy.
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    Emissivity measurements of reflective materials using infrared thermography
    (2016-01-01)
    Rakrueangdet, K.
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    This paper proposes the technique to measure the band emissivity using the infrared detector with a band pass filter of 7.5 to 14 um. The experimental setup consists of an infrared camera, K-type contact thermocouples, a tripod, a water bath, aluminium plate, a black tape, and an environmental control chamber. Three types of reflective engineering materials including aluminium, stainless steel, and copper are tested using this technique. Results are in good agreement with the findings from other literatures. Therefore, the proposed technique, which is easy to operate, can be an alternative method for measuring the emissivity of reflective materials. However, care must be taken in selecting the location the infrared camera, the material for lining internal surface of an environmental control chamber, and the temperature of chamber surface.