Now showing 1 - 10 of 14
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    Effects of heat transfer surface temperature on liquid egg yolk fouling
    (2024-01-01) ; ;
    Suthanupaphwut, Worapanya
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    Somlitsopak, Badin
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    This study was aimed at investigating the effects of different surface temperatures (60-80°C) on the formation of egg yolk deposits on heat transfer surface. Experimental data from the fouling period were fitted with zero- and first-order reaction models and the reaction kinetics of fouling was obtained using the Arrhenius equation. Egg yolk fouling curves exhibited an asymptotic pattern showing only fouling and post-fouling periods. The fouling resistance at transition point increased with the increasing surface temperature. The zero-order reaction model was well describing the reaction rate of egg yolk fouling. The obtained activation energy of 85.47 kJ/mol was less than that for thermal denaturation of egg yolk proteins. The fouling process of egg yolk was mainly controlled by the deposition reaction.
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    Optimal Design and Installation of Solar Rooftop for Thai government building
    This research presents an approach for installing grid-connected solar cells on the rooftops of a prototype building in Thailand to offset electricity consumption, aligning with TOU electricity pricing. It includes design methods, energy-saving calculations, and illustrates the savings from solar cell installation over a one-year period, without accounting for solar cell deterioration or system loss charges. The study compares the concept of installing solar cells on the rooftop based on the building's electricity usage characteristics, distinguishing between installing solar cells across the entire rooftop area and according to the building's electricity usage behavior during daytime and working days, ensuring minimal electricity remains while still being sufficient for use. Furthermore, it calculates the comparison before and after installation to provide information for rooftop installation on the prototype building. The research results indicate that installing solar cells across the entire rooftop area can save electricity costs up to 550,000 THB per year.
      3
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    Polylactic acid (PLA) based green composites reinforced pineapple leaf fibres: Evaluation of processing and tensile performance
    This paper reports on a study of the compression moulding and the vacuum forming of unidirectional pineapple leaf fibres/polylactic acid composites and the influence of process variables on the tensile properties of the material. The characterisation of the micro and meso structures of the pineapple leaf fibres is reported. The effect of consolidation temperature on the fibre thermal stability and the tensile properties of the composites is investigated. The results show that vacuum forming was found to be preferable process with high stiffness modulus and UTS of the composites, compared to compression moulding. The insignificant detrimental effect of 165°C high consolidation temperature was observed. Finally, the fibre thermal degradation seems to dominate the composite tensile performance over its interfacial quality between the fibre and the matrix.
      1
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    The influence of alkaline treatment on thermal stability of flax fibres
    (2017-04-25) ;
    Rattanapaskorn, S.
    The paper pursued the hypothesis that alkaline treatment removed hemicellulose and pectin from the flax fibres, the fibre thermal stability will be improved. The use of plant fibres as reinforcement in thermoplastic composites comes with the detrimental effect of thermal degradation on the tensile performance of fibres and composites, particularly during long consolidation times at high temperature. SEM was used to observe the treated fibre surface. The micrographs show that the treatment with a higher concentration of NaOH solution results in a more obviously rough fibre surface. Moreover, FTIR and TGA were used to examine the chemical decomposition and thermal stability, respectively. The spectra of treated materials indicate that both hemicellulose and pectin were dissolved from the fibre surface following treatment. Finally, TGA results revealed that the loss of mass belonging to hemicellulose and pectin in treated fibres results in a shift of the main degradation temperature to higher temperature.
      2
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    Inspection of Heat Seal Packing Bag Integrity Using Thermal Images With YOLO Algorithm
    (2025-01-01) ;
    Khannakum, Wirat
    ;
    ;
    This paper presents an inspection of heat seal packing bag integrity using thermal imaging with a deep learning technique. The performance was evaluated by comparing the object detection rates obtained from the YOLOv4-Tiny Algorithm and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technique. Two sets of completely sealed and failure-sealed packaging bags were prepared for the training (100 bags) and testing (100 bags) of the models. Some sample bags containing tomato sauce inserted between the seals represent a failure-sealed condition. The integrity of the heat seal packaging bag was analyzed by examining the differences in color shade patterns of the thermal images. As a result, the YOLOv4-Tiny model achieved a detection accuracy of 98.80%, significantly outperforming the CNN technique, which detected only 78.40%, while using the same dataset; additionally, the time required for detection and training was faster.
      1
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    Tensile properties of PLA/PBAT blends and PLA fibre-reinforced PBAT composite
    (2018-08-14) ;
    Phunsombat, Phakaimat
    ;
    The tensile properties of PLA/PBAT blends, PLA fibre reinforced PBAT composite (PLAF) at room temperature and -18°C were investigated. The concentrations of PLA in the blends were 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% (by volume). There was an improvement of elastic modulus (E) for PLA/PBAT blends when PLA was 40%. There was no significant difference of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) among the blends. For the same concentration of PLA (40%) in PLA-PBAT mixture, PLAF exhibited higher values of E and UTS than that of PLA/PBAT blends. Elongation of PLA/PBAT blends rapidly decreased upon the addition of PLA to the blends. The values of E and UTS for PLA/PBAT blends and composite, neat PLA, and PP increased with the decreasing of temperature from room temperature to -18°C. The effect of decreasing temperature was not observed on elongation. It was appeared from the results obtained for FTIR and DSC measurements that PLA and PBAT were immiscible, separating into two phases.
      1
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    Development of Mathematical Model to Predict Soymilk Fouling Deposit Mass on Heat Transfer Surfaces Using Dimensional Analysis
    (2023-04-01) ; ;
    Ongwongsakul, Ekarin
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    Schleining, Gerhard
    The formation of fouling deposits on heat exchanger surfaces is one of the major concerns in thermal processes. The fouling behavior of food materials is complex, and its mechanism remains, in general, unclear. This study was aimed at developing a predictive model for soymilk fouling deposit formed on heated surfaces using dimensional analysis. Relevant variables affecting fouling deposit mass could be grouped into six dimensionless terms using Buckingham’s pi-theorem. Experimental data were obtained from a lab-scale plate heat exchanger. A simple model developed using the experimental data under the process conditions with the product inlet temperature, the product outlet temperature, and plate surface temperature in the ranges of 50–55 °C, 65–70 °C, and 70–85 °C, respectively, exhibited a good performance in the prediction of soymilk fouled mass. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and experimental values of fouled mass was 0.97 with an average relative error of 9.03%. Within the ranges of product inlet temperature and plate surfaces temperature studied, this model offers an opportunity to estimate soymilk fouling mass with acceptable accuracy.
      1
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    Alleviation of internal browning in queen pineapple fruit by peduncle infiltration with solutions of methyl jasmonate during cold storage
    (2019-01-01) ;
    Srimuk, Sutikarn
    ;
    — The effect of methyl jasmonate solution (MeJA) and methyl jasmonate gel on procreation internal browning (IB) of ‘Trad-see-thong’ pineapple (‘Queen’ group) fruit was investigated. The pineapple fruit were peduncle-infiltrated parallel with 1 mM MeJA, 1 mM and 10 mM MeJA-gel, then stored at 10°C for 12 days. The results showed that internal browning symptom of pineapple fruit with treatment was visible following 4 days of storage. On day 12 of storage, control treatment (no solution), internal browning score of 4 (almost maximum score), that was significantly higher than other treatments (p < 0.05). The 1 mM MeJA solution had internal browning score of 3.8, expected that the amount of MeJA solution with peduncle-infiltration in pineapple fruit had too exorbitant (overdose). Moreover, the 1 mM and 10 mM gel-treated had internal browning score of 3.2 and 3.4, respectively. It was found that the amount of MeJA solution with peduncle-infiltration in pineapple fruit is able to alleviate better than the other. The 1 mM and 10 mM MeJA-gel had lightness in pulp tissues significantly higher than other groups worthy 44.95 and 46.74, respectively.
      1
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    Effect of alkaline treatment on decomposition temperature of fibres from empty oil palm bunch
    —This article reports an investigation of the decomposition temperature of fibres from empty oil palm bunch to achieve improved understanding of the processing temperature limitation of this fibre as reinforcement for thermoplastic composite manufacturing. The effect of alkaline treatments on their chemical decomposition and sample weight changes were performed, using fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques. The results show that the hemicellulose removal of fibres after treatment is a factor that provides an advantage on the thermal stability of the fibres. Both initial decomposition temperature (T<inf>0</inf>) and maximum decomposition temperature (T<inf>max</inf>) are minor increase. This could reduce the detrimental effect of thermal degradation on the single fibre performance and leads to shift its consolidation temperature ceiling from below 221<sup>o</sup>C (untreated fibres) to 243<sup>o</sup>C (5% NaOH treated fibres) during composite consolidation.
      1
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    The influence of alkaline treatment of plant fibres on tensile properties of single fibres and composites
    (2017-01-01) ;
    Rattanapaskorn, S.
    The hypothesis pursued in this work is that by removing hemicellulose and pectin from plant fibres by alkaline treatment, the fibre tensile performance could be improved. Flax fibres were examined as reinforcement. The highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) resulted for fibre treated with 3% by weight of NaOH solution (up to 12% increase in UTS and 18% increase in Young’s modulus, compared to untreated fibres). A 15% reduction in cross-sectional area of the fibres was observed. Tensile performance of treated (a percentage of fibre volume fraction (V<inf>f</inf> %) of 30%) and untreated (V<inf>f</inf> % of 34%) fibre reinforced polypropylene composites manufactured by the vacuum forming process, were compared. A decrease of UTS and Young’s modulus of the treated material was observed with an increase in consolidation time. The UTS of the treated material was 3.82% lower than that of the untreated material.
      1