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    Item type:Publication,
    Cascadable First-Order and Second-Order Inverse Filters Based on Second-Generation Voltage Conveyors
    (2025-02-01) ;
    Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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    Faseehuddin, Mohammad
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    This study introduces four novel configurations of first-order and second-order multifunction inverse filters in both voltage-mode (VM) and current-mode (CM) using second-generation voltage conveyors (VCIIs). The first-order VM and CM inverse filters utilize only three passive components together with one VCII for VM and two VCIIs for CM realizations, which can provide lowpass and highpass inverse filter responses. The latter, second-order VM and CM multifunction inverse filters, can be constructed using the corresponding first-order inverse filters as their core circuits. These filters offer all the basic inverse filter functions, including lowpass, bandpass, and highpass inverse responses with all gains obtained from the same design. All the inverse filter realizations are cascadable. No component matching requirements are necessary for all filter responses. The non-ideal effects of the VCII on the performance of the proposed inverse filters are thoroughly examined. To prove the feasibility of the designs, the PSPICE program performed several simulations, utilizing model parameters of 0.18 µm CMOS technology. Some testing experiments were conducted using the commercially available IC-type AD844s for evaluating the practical performance of the designed inverse filters.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Design and Synthesis of Capacitance Multiplier Using LT1228s and a Grounded Capacitor
    (2026-01-01)
    Channumsin, Orapin
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    Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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    In this study, the design and synthesis of a grounded capacitance multiplier is discussed. The proposed circuit consists of two commercially available integrated circuits (ICs) named LT1228, together with a single grounded capacitor as a passive element. The transconductance gain of LT1228 allows for electronic control of the simulated equivalent capacitance value. The LT1228 transconductance gain is easily adjusted through the external bias current, which has a wide adjustable range of 1 µA to 1 mA. No component matching is required for the designed simulator. A non-ideal analysis of the proposed circuit has been investigated in detail. The workability of the proposed circuit and its application example as a first-order lowpass filter has been confirmed with the theoretical findings through PSPICE software. The results indicate that the proposed simulator has excellent performance and matches the theory.
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    Floating general immittance function simulator
    (2021-04-01)
    Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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    A floating general immittance function simulator circuit is presented using two differential voltage to current converters (DVTCs) and three passive components. The developed DVTC to be used in this work is realized with the flipped voltage follower, achieving low-voltage operation. By selecting proper passive components, the proposed floating simulator circuit can realize synthetic inductor, capacitor, resistor and frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR) without changing its configuration. No component matching conditions and cancellation constraints are necessary. Furthermore, non-ideal transfer gain effects on the proposed simulator circuit are discussed. As applications for the proposed floating simulator, a second-order RLC bandpass filter and a fourth-order resistively terminated LC bandpass filter are shown. To verify the theory, the proposed simulator and its applications are simulated using 0.25-μm CMOS process technology.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Single VDGA-Based Mixed-Mode Electronically Tunable First-Order Universal Filter
    (2023-03-01) ;
    Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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    Fukuhara, Masaaki
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    This article presents a mixed-mode electronically tunable first-order universal filter configuration employing only one voltage differencing gain amplifier (VDGA), one capacitor, and one grounded resistor. With the appropriate selection of the input signals, the proposed circuit can realize all three first-order standard filter functions, namely low pass (LP), high pass (HP), and all pass (AP), in all four possible modes, including voltage mode (VM), trans-admittance mode (TAM), current mode (CM), and trans-impedance mode (TIM), from the same circuit structure. It also provides an electronic tuning of the pole frequency and the passband gain by varying transconductance values. Non-ideal and parasitic effect analyses of the proposed circuit were also carried out. PSPICE simulations and experimental findings have both confirmed the performance of the design. A number of simulations and experimental observations confirm the viability of the suggested configuration in practical applications.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Floating Impedance Simulator Realization
    (2020-06-01)
    Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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    This paper presents the floating impedance function simulator using flipped voltage follower-based differential voltage to current converter (DVTC) along with three passive elements. With the proper selection of the three passive components, the floating inductor, capacitor and frequency- dependent negative resistor (FDNR) can be realized. The realized equivalent impedance value of the proposed simulator can be controlled conveniently by changing the passive element values. A second-order bandstop filter and third-order lowpass filter are designed using the proposed simulators as application examples. To verify the workability of the proposed circuit, simulation results are confirmed through PSPICE program using 0.25-μm CMOS process parameters from TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company).
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    Item type:Publication,
    On the Realization of Grounded RL/RC Parallel Type Simulator
    (2021-04-01)
    Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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    An actively grounded RL/RC parallel type impedance simulator is presented. It contains two differential voltage to current converters (DVTCs) as an active element and three passive elements, and can simulate RL or RC parallel-type impedance by the proper selection of the external passive elements. The effect of the DVTC non-idealities on the realized simulator is also analyzed mathematically. The usability of the proposed circuit has been shown on the realizations of active second-order voltage mode highpass-and lowpass-filter. PSPICE simulation using TSMC 0.25-m CMOS technology is performed to demonstrate the behavior of the proposed simulator circuit and its filter applications.
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    DVTC-Based Series RL/RC Impedance Simulator
    (2021-03-10)
    Likhitkitwoerakul, Nutcha
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    In this study, a grounded impedance simulator employing differential voltage to current converter (DVTC) as an active element is presented. The proposed circuit consists of two DVTCs along with three passive elements. By properly selecting the three passive elements, the series RL and RC impedance can be simulated. The simulated equivalent resistance, inductance and capacitance values can be accessed by selecting the values of the passive elements. To confirm the workability of the proposed simulator, simulation results in comparison with the theoretical finding have been presented. Second-order current mode lowpass-and highpass-filters are performed as application examples to prove the performance of the proposed simulator.