Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Toward Interoperable SCADA: Node-RED-Based Edge Integration of Heterogeneous PLCs and IoT Devices
    (2025-01-01) ;
    Kaewchaiwong, Sattachai
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    Ukakimaparn, Prapart
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    This article presents a novel approach to supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) design that emphasizes interoperability through edge integration, using Node-RED as an open-source programming platform deployed on an industrial edge computer. The proposed architecture integrates multiple-vendor programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway at the edge layer to enable seamless interoperability across local control systems. A lab-scale case study demonstrates the feasibility of this integration, featuring four remote terminal units (RTUs) communicating concurrently with a SIMATIC IPC327G edge computer via standard protocols. Specifically, a SIMATIC S7-1200 (RTU-1), MELSEC iQ-F FX5U (RTU-2), and CompactLogix 1769-L30ER (RTU-3) control an object sorting station, a parcel sorting station, a water temperature control station, respectively, while a UG65 gateway (RTU-4) enables bidirectional data transfer between the edge computer and LoRaWAN devices. The inclusion of InfluxDB alongside Node-RED supports data logging and reporting functionalities. By distributing protocol translation, data processing, and shop-floor supervisory control to the edge layer, the architecture achieves real-time, vendor-neutral data orchestration while maintaining compatibility with a higher-level SCADA master terminal unit (MTU) or cloud system. Experimental results from both functional and performance testing confirm the system’s viability as a cost-effective, vendor-agnostic solution for modern industrial automation, offering a scalable model for multi-protocol industrial environments.
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    Modification of Cockcroft-Walton-based high-voltage multipliers with 220 V and 50 Hz input for non-thermal food processing apparatus
    (2020-08-01)
    Jaiwanglok, Anurak
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    Eguchi, Kei
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    A design of high-voltage multipliers to generate underwater shockwaves is one of the most important factors for successfully providing non-thermal food processing in a cost-effective manner. To be capable of fully utilizing the Cockcroft-Walton-based high-voltage multipliers for underwater shockwave generation, this paper presents a topological modification of three interesting design approaches in bipolar structure for 220 V and 50 Hz AC input to generate more than 3.5 kV DC output within short time periods. In addition to Cockcroft-Walton multipliers (CWMs), the first modified scheme employs a positive full-wave rectifier (FWR) and positive voltage multiplier block (VMB), the second modified scheme employs positive/negative half-wave rectifiers (HWRs), and the last modified scheme employs a switched-capacitor AC-AC converter. To comparatively analyze their performances, the digitally controlled operations of the modified realization schemes as well as their electrical characteristic estimation based on a four-terminal equivalent model are described in detail. The effectiveness of three modified circuit configurations and the correctness of the given theoretical analysis are verified through SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulation results. The formulas achieved from theoretical estimation are particularly useful when designing the proposed high-voltage multipliers (HVMs) because good agreement between the theoretical and simulation results can be achieved.
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    Simple CCO using cciis and S-R latch and its application
    (2010-06-01) ; ; ;
    Sasaki, Hlrofumi
    This article presents a, simple circuit technique based on commerciallyavailable devices to realize current controlled, oscillator (CCO) with twolow-impedance input terminals. By suitably setting two input signals, the linearfrequency-current relation of the proposed CCO can be either positive ornegative slope in the same circuit configuration. The oscillating outputfrequency linearly proportional to the difference between two input currents canbe obtained. The realization method is employed in second-generation currentconveyors (CCIIs) and, Set-Reset (S-R) latch. Experimental results verifyingperformances of the proposed, CCO are closely agreed, with expected, values. Toshow the usefulness of the proposed, oscillator, an application example incurrent-mode variable- frequency control for buck converter is also included.ICIC International © 2010.
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    Dual slope analog-to-digital converter using simple CCII-based integrator
    (2010-10-01) ; ;
    Sasaki, Horofumi
    This article presents a dual slope analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using second generation current conveyor (CCII)-based integrator. In comparison with the previously reported dual slope ADCs with grounded capacitor, the proposed configuration offers simpler structure and fewer components while utilizing the positive reference voltage. Experimental results are given to confirm the operation of the proposed ADC. ICIC International © 2010 ISSN.
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    Simplified and systematic plc programming technique: A case study of burner control for thermal oil heater
    (2015-01-01)
    Khaefoi, Supakit
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    ; ;
    This article presents a technique to simplify and systematize programmable logic controller (PLC) programming for ease of engineering. A PLC-based burner control for thermal oil heater is examined as an illustrative case study. Based on the proposed method, two example cases of PLC programming for the modified burner control by adding input devices and alarm and shutdown conditions are described. Performance of the proposed technique is demonstrated through experimental tests done by nine engineers with difference experiences for ladder-logic-based PLC programming. Experimental results show that the proposed technique provides ease of reusing and modifying the existing ladder logic code and saving of time for writing the programs.
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    AN OPEN-SOURCE INTRUSION DETECTION AND NOTIFICATION FRAMEWORK FOR OT ATTACKS TARGETING S7-SERIES PLCS
    (2026-06-01) ;
    Saleethong, Chayangkun
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    Suphapod, Tanawat
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    Wongkharn, Siripong
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    This article presents an open-source intrusion detection and notification (IDN) framework designed to detect attacks targeting Siemens S7-series programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in operational technology (OT) environments. The framework is validated using a simulated weight-based sorting system developed in Factory I/O, with TIA Portal control programs deployed on S7-300, S7-1200, and S7-1500 PLCs. Suricata serves as the core intrusion detection engine, while the Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana (ELK) stack and LINE Notify are integrated to visualize alerts and provide realtime operator notifications. Simulated attacks are carried out using Snap7 to interact with each PLC during live process operations. The experimental results show that the framework reliably detects intrusions across all tested S7 PLC models and delivers timely alerts, demonstrating its effectiveness for real-time monitoring and incident response. In contrast to previous studies that focus primarily on protocol analysis or on individual PLC types, this work offers a practical and scalable intrusion detection solution validated on real hardware and designed to accommodate the coexistence of legacy and modern controllers within OT systems.
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    Multi-PLC control system based on wireless bridge/base stations for work-in-process movements in corrugated box manufacturer
    (2018-12-10) ;
    Jearnpanitpong, Woravut
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    This paper presents a practical technique to design and implement a cooperative control of two groups with three conveyors and two rail guided vehicles (RGVs) by using two master and two slave programmable logic controllers (PLCs), respectively. The controlled conveyors and RGVs are utilized for work-in-process (WIP) movements between a corrugator and six printing machines in a manufacturer of corrugated paper boxes. The proposed technique is based on the use of wireless bridge/base stations modeled Ubiquiti Rocket M5 and Loco M5 for interconnections of two master PLCs modeled Omron CJ2M-CPU31, two slave PLCs modeled Omron CP1L-M40DT-D and connected with Omron CP1W-EIP61 module, and a host application over a control network to communicate with each other through EtherNet/IP technology. Input and output devices of each controlled subsystem are hardwired to each PLC. The transmission and reception schemes to enable real-time input/output data exchanges between the PLCs are specified with tag names for cyclic communications on data links. The proposed multi-PLC control system for WIP movements can operate in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Integration of Weighing Indicator with Proprietary Commands into PLC-Based System Using Modbus Protocol
    (2017-01-01)
    Chanka, Lerson
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    Julsereewong, Prasit
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    This paper presents a technique to integrate a stand-alone weighing indicator with proprietary commands into a monitoring system of industrial production processes. The proposed technique is based on creating a new function block of the programmable logic controller (PLC) used in weighing machine control for converting weighing indicator commands into the Modbus-RTU commands. Creation of the function block operated in the PLC modeled CP1L-M30DR-D for converting commands of the AD-4401 weighing indicator to display on the Panel Master touch-screen monitor is described as an illustrative case study. Based on the proposed method, weighing data at the field site for local readout can be added into process data monitoring at the human machine interface (HMI) station of the PLC-based system. This enables ease of upgrading the weighing machine used, which has weighing indicator with local readout display. Performance of the proposed system integration is verified by experimental results.
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    Real-time remote monitoring and alerting system using low-cost IoT platform for odor control scrubbers
    (2019-06-01) ;
    Pinthong, Weeradetch
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    In order to minimize unplanned downtime of plant’s equipment, operation and maintenance personnel need to respond quickly to potential problems. This paper presents a technique to enable real-time notifications for operating two existing standalone multi-stage wet scrubbers used to eliminate odors in brewing process. The proposed technique is based on the employment of low-cost Internet-of-Things (IoT) platform to implement a real-time monitoring and alerting system for simultaneous operation with existing control systems of the studied multi-stage wet scrubbers. The implemented monitoring and alerting system at field site consists of eight sensor probes, eight temperature transmitters, two analog-to-digital converters with serial I2C interface, and one Raspberry Pi board. The temperature sensors and transmitters and the converters are used for measuring scrubbing solution temperatures and for converting the 4-20 mA transmitter outputs to be available signals for the Raspberry Pi through I2C bus, respectively. The Raspberry Pi is utilized over the Internet for operating as a web server to serve real-time data for remote client computers, for performing as a database to serve historian data for generating daily and on-demand reports, and for sending alert messages to assigned staffs via LINE Notify. Not only critical process data can then be remotely monitored via the web interface in real time, but also critical process alarms can be notified to rapidly respond. Test results verify that the proposed monitoring and alerting system can function correctly.