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    A simple CMOS-based algorithmic ADC
    (2007-12-01)
    Kaewpoonsuk, Anucha
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    ; ;
    This paper presents a one-bit cell of reverse Gray-code algorithmic analog-to-digital converter. The proposed converter comprises of full-wave rectifier, current mirrors, and current comparator. The realization method is simple, small in size, and suitable for integrated circuit form. The design strategy is based on the MOS biased at the edge of conduction to provide a low accumulated error and a low distortion in the transfer characteristic. An N-bit resolution can be achieved by cascading of the N proposed one-bit cells. PSPICE simulation results supporting the characteristics of proposed circuit are agreed with the expected values. © ICROS.
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    Study on field control locations for Foundation Fieldbus-based cascade control loop
    (2012-01-01) ;
    Julsereewong, Prasit
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    Dejsiriphant, Thipat
    This paper focuses on implementing cascade control in the field using Foundation Fieldbus technology. The key consideration is the assignment of master and slave PID block locations in Fieldbus devices for minimizing network traffic without negative impact on an ability to control the process. A plant model using multi-vendor Fieldbus devices for level-to-flow cascade control is described as an illustrative case study. This paper examines calculated macrocycle timing schedules produced by the DeltaV system for six possible field control locations of the PID blocks. Experimental results obtained from the preferred field control location with minimum number of scheduled data transmissions over the network are also included. © 2012 SICE.
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    Toward Interoperable SCADA: Node-RED-Based Edge Integration of Heterogeneous PLCs and IoT Devices
    (2025-01-01) ;
    Kaewchaiwong, Sattachai
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    Ukakimaparn, Prapart
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    This article presents a novel approach to supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) design that emphasizes interoperability through edge integration, using Node-RED as an open-source programming platform deployed on an industrial edge computer. The proposed architecture integrates multiple-vendor programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway at the edge layer to enable seamless interoperability across local control systems. A lab-scale case study demonstrates the feasibility of this integration, featuring four remote terminal units (RTUs) communicating concurrently with a SIMATIC IPC327G edge computer via standard protocols. Specifically, a SIMATIC S7-1200 (RTU-1), MELSEC iQ-F FX5U (RTU-2), and CompactLogix 1769-L30ER (RTU-3) control an object sorting station, a parcel sorting station, a water temperature control station, respectively, while a UG65 gateway (RTU-4) enables bidirectional data transfer between the edge computer and LoRaWAN devices. The inclusion of InfluxDB alongside Node-RED supports data logging and reporting functionalities. By distributing protocol translation, data processing, and shop-floor supervisory control to the edge layer, the architecture achieves real-time, vendor-neutral data orchestration while maintaining compatibility with a higher-level SCADA master terminal unit (MTU) or cloud system. Experimental results from both functional and performance testing confirm the system’s viability as a cost-effective, vendor-agnostic solution for modern industrial automation, offering a scalable model for multi-protocol industrial environments.
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    Hybrid Posi cast - based PID - PDA Control Using System Identification for Continuous Tunnel Kilns
    (2026-06-30) ;
    Sungsorn, Teenapong
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    Trisuwannawat, Thanit
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    This paper proposes a hybrid Posicast-based proportional-integral-derivative with proportional-derivative-acceleration (PID-PDA) controller for temperature regulation in delay-dominant continuous tunnel kilns. The controller is developed based on a system-identified second-order-plus-dead-time (SOPDT) model derived from industrial data and implemented in discrete time for programmable logic controllers (PLCs). A unified framework enables comparison with a standard PLC-based proportional-integral (PI) controller, an internal model control (IMC)-tuned PI controller, and a Smith Predictor-PI controller under identical conditions. Simulation results demonstrate faster response, negligible overshoot, and reduced tracking error, with improved settling time and lower, integral of absolute error (IAE), integral of squared error (ISE), and integral of time-weighted absolute error (ITAE), while maintaining comparable control effort. Robustness analysis confirms stable performance under plant perturbations, with IAE variations within approximately ± 10 (servo) and ± 1 (disturbance). The controller is validated on an Allen-Bradley PLC in a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)-based heating system. Experimental results show improved steady-state performance, including reduced bias, lower mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE), reduced oscillation amplitude, and compliance within the ± 1 temperature band. The proposed approach provides a practical, robust, and high-performance solution for upgrading existing PLC-based systems without hardware modifications.
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    Analog median filtering circuit using CMOS three-input max/min cell
    (2018-06-08)
    Wongjan, Anan
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    Junsing, Tipparat
    This paper presents a current-mode design technique for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) implementation of an analog median filtering circuit for real-time signal processing. The proposed three-input median filtering circuit consists of three-input maximum/ minimum (max/min) cell, dual-output current mirrors, and current summation. The max/min cell used is based on an existing multiple-input max/min circuit for simultaneously determining the maximum and minimum values of input signals to overcome the limitations of tree realization by using two-input max/min selectors. Additionally, transistors used in the max/min cell are biased at the edge of conduction to minimize corner errors. PSPICE simulation results are given to verify the operation of the proposed median filtering circuit.
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    Foundation fieldbus-based laboratory: A case study of Harmonas-DEO system
    (2011-01-01) ; ; ;
    Julsereewong, Prasit
    This paper presents a Foundation Fieldbus-based laboratory for education of automation infrastructure. Design and implementation of a level-control plant model using multi-vendor field devices is proposed. Harmonas-DEO fieldbus system is described as an illustrative case study for configuring and commissioning fieldbus segment, defining control strategy, designing human machine interface (HMI) screen, and troubleshooting. Fieldbus control valve diagnostics based on the use of Valstaff are also included. © 2011 SICE.
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    AVAILABILITY THROUGH FIELD DEVICE DIAGNOSIS IN FEEDFORWARD CONTROL: A CASE STUDY OF FOUNDATION FIELDBUS-BASED TEMPERATURE CONTROL
    (2022-02-01) ;
    Suwanmanee, Ittimon
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    Weerathaweemas, Songchai
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    For endusers, requiring an action to enable a fieldbus-based process control that is not hazardous to continue its operation in the event of transmitter failures, it is essential to understand how diagnostic capability of field instruments is helpful in availability enhancement. In order to effectively implement a feedforward control strategy with increased availability, this article presents a control configuration method when utilizing a Foundation Fieldbus (FF)-based temperature feedforward control as an illustrative case study. Four function block assignment options for configuring the studied control strategy during engineering phase are described. The ‘Uncertain’ measurement status provided by temperature transmitters is treated as ‘Good’ measurement status in all control configuration options for availability goal by reducing process downtime. In addition, based on experimental results, a simplified Petri net model for logical behavior representation of the interested FF-based feedforward is also proposed.
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    Digital fieldbus-Analog system integration for revamping projects
    This paper presents a system integration of modern digital fieldbus and traditional analog devices for revamping projects. Using temperature transmitter with Foundation Fieldbus technology and power regulator with 4-20 mA control input for temperature control based on a PID instruction of programmable logic controller (PLC) is examined as an illustrative case study. A portable plant model was designed and implemented for real hands-on training. In addition, basic network and device configurations as well as ladder logic program and graphical user interface creations are discussed. Experimental results of temperature control in the range of 40-60 °C verifying the proposed concept are also included.
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    Modification of Cockcroft-Walton-based high-voltage multipliers with 220 V and 50 Hz input for non-thermal food processing apparatus
    (2020-08-01)
    Jaiwanglok, Anurak
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    Eguchi, Kei
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    A design of high-voltage multipliers to generate underwater shockwaves is one of the most important factors for successfully providing non-thermal food processing in a cost-effective manner. To be capable of fully utilizing the Cockcroft-Walton-based high-voltage multipliers for underwater shockwave generation, this paper presents a topological modification of three interesting design approaches in bipolar structure for 220 V and 50 Hz AC input to generate more than 3.5 kV DC output within short time periods. In addition to Cockcroft-Walton multipliers (CWMs), the first modified scheme employs a positive full-wave rectifier (FWR) and positive voltage multiplier block (VMB), the second modified scheme employs positive/negative half-wave rectifiers (HWRs), and the last modified scheme employs a switched-capacitor AC-AC converter. To comparatively analyze their performances, the digitally controlled operations of the modified realization schemes as well as their electrical characteristic estimation based on a four-terminal equivalent model are described in detail. The effectiveness of three modified circuit configurations and the correctness of the given theoretical analysis are verified through SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulation results. The formulas achieved from theoretical estimation are particularly useful when designing the proposed high-voltage multipliers (HVMs) because good agreement between the theoretical and simulation results can be achieved.
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    Enhanced differential voltage-to-Frequency converter for telemetry applications
    This paper presents an enhanced differential voltage-to-Frequency (dVFC) suitable for telemetry applications. The realization method employs op-amps in conjunction with current conveyors and Set-Reset latch. The converter gain can be easily adjusted through the variation of a single resistor. Compared to the previous dVFC using only current conveyors and Set-Reset latch, the proposed converter offers significant improvements in accuracy and circuit configuration. Its benefits are higher accuracy, simpler structure, fewer components, and lower costs. Experimental results verifying performances of the proposed dVFC are closely agreed with expected values. © 2010 SICE.