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    An Evaluation Study on Electric Appliance Characteristics and Load Patterns in Residential Buildings
    (2026-01-01)
    Thongsuk, Surakit
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    Songsukthawan, Panapong
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    Sottiyaphai, Chayanut
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    Energy usage in residential buildings has been constantly increasing as work-from-home trends continue to maintain popularity. To improve energy efficiency, the load profile and electric appliances in households need to be established and analyzed. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of electric appliances that are commonly used in residential buildings under various operating conditions. An experimental setup with household electric appliances was built, and power quality meters were installed to assess the patterns under various operating conditions. In addition, the usage patterns were used to construct the daily load profile and analyze the energy consumption in residential buildings. The results demonstrate that load patterns constructed from actual measurements can achieve an accurate depiction of energy usage in residential buildings. The obtained load profile can be used in load control to improve energy efficiency and the application of renewable energy in demand reduction.
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    Transient Analysis to Distinguish Mechanically Switched Capacitors Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Artificial Intelligence
    (2026-01-01)
    Thongsuk, Surakit
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    Bunjongjit, Sulee
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    Capacitor banks are widely used in modern power systems for reactive power compensation and voltage regulation. However, switching operations of mechanically switched capacitors (MSCs) can generate transient phenomena, such as inrush currents, which may resemble fault currents and lead to misoperation of protection systems. Therefore, accurate detection and classification of transient events are essential for reliable system operation. This study proposes a hybrid approach for transient signal analysis and classification by integrating the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, including probabilistic neural networks and fuzzy inference systems (FIS). The DWT performs time–frequency analysis to extract multi-scale wavelet features from three-phase current signals. The proposed method enables both discrimination between inrush and fault currents and multi-class classification of transient events among six capacitor switching conditions, namely base case, pre-insertion resistor, pre-insertion inductor, current limiting reactor, 6% reactor, and synchronous closing. The methodology is validated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulations under isolated and back-to-back capacitor switching scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed DWT–AI approach achieves high classification accuracy exceeding 95%, outperforming conventional methods based on DWT alone and DWT combined with FIS. Furthermore, the proposed method improves protection system performance by reducing false tripping caused by transient inrush currents, while maintaining reliable fault detection capability. The findings confirm that integrating time–frequency signal processing with AI-based classification provides an effective and practical solution for transient event discrimination in MSC capacitor bank systems.
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    An Approach for Voltage Drop Improvement in Distribution Line Using High-Voltage Capacitor Bank
    (2025-01-01)
    Songsukthawan, Panapong
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    Thongsuk, Surakit
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    Phannil, Natthanon
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    Bunjongjit, Sulee
    Distribution line voltage drops cause power losses and a general decline in the efficiency of the electrical power system. In this study, PSCAD software is used to evaluate the elements that impact the voltage drop in the distribution line, including distribution line length, electric load power factor, and electric load capacity, both with and without capacitor bank installation. The 22-kV overhead distribution line in Thailand served as the basis for the simulation model’s creation. It has been suggested to install capacitor bank-based techniques to increase voltage on distribution lines. The findings show that the voltage drop is significantly influenced by the distribution line distance, electric load power factor, and electric load capacity. The voltage drop can be minimized to the greatest extent by properly arranging capacitor banks.
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    Attenuation of Electromagnetic Interference Generated by High-Frequency Switching Devices
    A frequency modulation (FM) radio signal receiver is an important device for radio transmitters. The FM radio signal receiver is mounted on the radio transmitter, and its circuit is connected to the electronic system inside the radio transmitter. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the electromagnetic interference (EMI) produced by the FM radio signal receiver to prevent damage caused by interference. This study investigated the EMI characteristics of an FM radio signal receiver in terms of conducted emissions and radiated emissions. The conducted emissions were measured in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 30 MHz and exceeded the CISPR22 standard at frequencies of 370 kHz (-2.4 dB) and 480 kHz (-6.5 dB). The radiated emissions were measured in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1000 MHz and exceeded the EN55022 standard at a frequency of 33.93 MHz (-13 dB). The conducted emissions were reduced using an axial ferrite bead, while the radiated emissions were attenuated using multipoint grounding and shielding techniques. The axial ferrite beads could attenuate the conducted emissions by 8 dB. The multi-point grounding and shielding techniques attenuated the radiated emissions by approximately 22 dB. These EMI attenuation methods demonstrated satisfactory attenuation performance and resulted in the EMI satisfying the relevant standards.
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    Effect of Multi-wind Distributed Generators Location during Fault Occurrence in Distribution System
    (2023-01-01)
    Thongsuk, Surakit
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    In the recent decade, there has been a rising concern about energy consumption and environmental issues. This trend has shifted the focus of electric utility from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Thus, distributed generation (DG) that generated power from renewable energy sources has been on the rise. However, the presence of DG can affect the operation of power system protection and may cause a technical issue with the equipment. So, this paper investigates the impacts of wind power-based DG installed on the distribution system in Thailand using PSCAD software. The case study system is modeled after part of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) distribution network in Northern Thailand. The comparative study with the case without DG has also been done on various parameters such as type of faults, location, and number of DG. The result from a study reveals the impact of DG on the distribution system characteristics, which changing drastically. Thus, an analysis of the impact of DG on the system must be done to address its effects and ensure the reliability of the power system.
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    Study on coordination of protective relays in distribution system with distributed generation
    (2020-01-01) ;
    Songsukthawan, Panapong
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    In the recent decade, many countries around the globe have been increased the proportion of electrical power generation from renewable energy sources, which results in rising in the penetration level of distributed generation (DG). However, the installation of DG into the distribution system may raise many issues that can impact the distribution system in both the technical and economic aspects. When DG is connected to a distribution system, it can affect the performance of the system and the protective device already installed owing to the change of voltage level, short-circuit level and direction of power flow in the system. For this reason, a protective device may cause the malfunction because the bus impedance of the system is changed; this will result in a change of the current in each bus. This paper aims to study the coordination between the protective relay and the DG installed into the distribution system. The distribution system under investigation is a part of the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA). Under this research, DG data that are connected to the PEA distribution is used. The simulations are performed using digital simulation and electrical network calculation program (DIgSILENT).
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    The Electrical Motorcycle Charger for Application in a Residence
    The aim of this paper is to design the charger for an electric motorcycle and analyze the behavior of voltage and current value during charging. The AC voltage supply from a residence is converted to DC voltage to charge the energy storage system by controlling the voltage and current values suitable for the charge process in all periods. The designed charger is based on the principle of a buck converter with using constant current and constant voltage technique in order to charge a 12 V, 21 Ah lead-acid battery inside the electric motorcycle. By considering the results, the first state of battery charging is a constant current mode by using the current of 5 A with the initial voltage of 55 V. In the second mode, the battery charging is done by constant voltage of 72 V and the current is reduced until the battery is full. Moreover, the charging time is about 6-8 hours.
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    Comparison of various mother wavelets for fault classification in electrical systems
    (2020-02-01) ;
    Klomjit, Jittiphong
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    Asfani, Dimas Anton
    This paper presents a comparative study on mother wavelets using a fault type classification algorithm in a power system. The study aims to evaluate the performance of the protection algorithm by implementing different mother wavelets for signal analysis and determines a suitable mother wavelet for power system protection applications. The factors that influence the fault signal, such as the fault location, fault type, and inception angle, have been considered during testing. The algorithm operates by applying the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to the three-phase current and zero-sequence signal obtained from the experimental setup. The DWT extracts high-frequency components from the signals during both the normal and fault states. The coefficients at scales 1-3 have been decomposed using different mother wavelets, such as Daubechies (db), symlets (sym), biorthogonal (bior), and Coiflets (coif). The results reveal different coefficient values for the different mother wavelets even though the behaviors are similar. The coefficient for any mother wavelet has the same behavior but does not have the same value. Therefore, this finding has shown that the mother wavelet has a significant impact on the accuracy of the fault classification algorithm.